Distribution in Egypt
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- BA Cultnat
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Global Distribution
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Europe, north Africa, southwest Asia, Taiwan, north America, Australia, Polynesia.
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- BA Cultnat
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Habitat
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Associations
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Foodplant / parasite
telium? of Milesia magnusiana parasitises live Asplenium adiantum-nigrum
Comments
provided by eFloras
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum is principally a Eurasian species and occurs extremely rarely in North America (see M. G. Shivas 1969 and M. D. Windham 1983 for a discussion of the conspecificity of Western Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere material). It is an allotetraploid derived from hybridization of two European taxa, A . cuneifolium Viviani and A . onopteris Linnaeus (M. G. Shivas 1969). Hybrids involving A . adiantum-nigrum and other Asplenium species occur in Europe but are unknown in North America.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Description
provided by eFloras
Roots not proliferous. Stems ascending or short-creeping, infrequently branched; scales dark brown to blackish throughout, narrowly deltate, 2--4(--5) × 0.2--0.5 mm, margins entire or shallowly denticulate to serrulate. Leaves monomorphic. Petiole dark reddish brown proximally, often fading to green distally, lustrous, 2--20 cm, 2/3--2 times length of blade; indument of black filiform scales and minute hairs. Blade deltate, 2--3-pinnate, 2.5--10 × 2--6.5 cm, thick, hairs dark, scattered, minute; base truncate; apex acute to acuminate, not rooting. Rachis greenish throughout or sometimes reddish brown proximally, lustrous, sparsely pubescent. Pinnae in 4--10 pairs, deltate to lanceolate; most proximal (largest) pinnae 1.5--4 × 1--2.5 cm; base obliquely obtuse; segment margins coarsely incised; apex acute. Veins free, evident. Sori 1--numerous pairs per pinna [1--6 pairs per segment], on both basiscopic and acroscopic sides. Spores 64 per sporangium. 2 n = 144.
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Distribution
provided by eFloras
Ariz., Colo., Utah; Eurasia; Africa.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Habitat
provided by eFloras
Cliffs; 1675--2300m.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Synonym
provided by eFloras
Asplenium andrewsii A. Nelson; A. chihuahuense J. G. Baker; A. dubiosum Davenport
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Common Names
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
black spleenwort fern
- bibliographic citation
- Esser, Lora L. 1994. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Description
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
fern,
soriBlack spleenwort fern is perennial, with fronds tufted or few together, 0.33 to 0.99 feet (0.1-0.3 m) long. Blades are ovate-deltoid to elongate deltoid, 1.2 to 6 inches (3-15 cm) long and 1.0 to 3.0 inches (2.5-7.6 cm) wide, and bipinnate or ternate. The sori are short, but almost connected in a continuous chain on the pinnae. Black spleenwort fern has short rhizomes with numerous roots [
5,
15].
- bibliographic citation
- Esser, Lora L. 1994. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Distribution
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
fernBlack spleenwort fern is an introduced species in the continental United States and only occurs in Arizona, Utah, and Colorado [
5,
7,
15]. It is native to Hawaii, Eurasia, and Africa [
6,
12,
15].
- bibliographic citation
- Esser, Lora L. 1994. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Fire Ecology
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
fern,
fire regimeBlack spleenwort fern grows on cliffs and ledges. These areas may protect it from most fires.
FIRE REGIMES: Find fire regime information for the plant communities in which this species may occur by entering the species name in the
FEIS home page under "Find FIRE REGIMES".
- bibliographic citation
- Esser, Lora L. 1994. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification)
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. More info for the terms:
geophyte,
hemicryptophyteHemicryptophyte Geophyte
- bibliographic citation
- Esser, Lora L. 1994. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat characteristics
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
fern,
mesicBlack spleenwort fern occurs in rocky or mountainous areas [
5,
6,
7,
15]. In Utah, it is found on shaded, mesic cliffs of Navajo sandstone [
15]. Black spleenwort fern occurs at elevations of 5,775 feet (1,750 m) in Utah, 5,500 feet (1,650 m) in Colorado, and 7,500 feet (2,250 m) in Arizona [
5,
7,
15].
- bibliographic citation
- Esser, Lora L. 1994. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Cover Types
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):
237 Interior ponderosa pine
- bibliographic citation
- Esser, Lora L. 1994. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Ecosystem
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):
FRES21 Ponderosa pine
FRES34 Chaparral - mountain shrub
- bibliographic citation
- Esser, Lora L. 1994. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Immediate Effect of Fire
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
fernBlack spleenwort fern is probably top-killed by fire.
- bibliographic citation
- Esser, Lora L. 1994. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Key Plant Community Associations
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
fernBlack spleenwort fern occurs in mountain brush and ponderosa pine (Pinus
ponderosa) communities in southern Utah [
15]. It occurs in mountainous
or rocky areas throughout the state of Colorado [
5]. In Hawaii
Volcanoes National Park, black spleenwort fern occurs in Ohia lehua
(Metrosideros polymorpha) communities [
6].
- bibliographic citation
- Esser, Lora L. 1994. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Life Form
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
fernFern
- bibliographic citation
- Esser, Lora L. 1994. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Occurrence in North America
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
AZ CO HI UT
- bibliographic citation
- Esser, Lora L. 1994. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Plant Response to Fire
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
fernBlack spleenwort fern may sprout from rhizomes after fire.
- bibliographic citation
- Esser, Lora L. 1994. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Post-fire Regeneration
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
herb,
rhizomeRhizomatous herb, rhizome in soil
- bibliographic citation
- Esser, Lora L. 1994. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Regeneration Processes
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
fernBlack spleenwort fern reproduces from spores and short rhizomes [
5,
15].
- bibliographic citation
- Esser, Lora L. 1994. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Regional Distribution in the Western United States
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species can be found in the following regions of the western United States (according to the Bureau of Land Management classification of Physiographic Regions of the western United States):
11 Southern Rocky Mountains
12 Colorado Plateau
- bibliographic citation
- Esser, Lora L. 1994. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Synonyms
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Asplenium andrewsii
- bibliographic citation
- Esser, Lora L. 1994. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Taxonomy
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
fernThe currently accepted scientific name of black spleenwort fern is
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L. [
5,
12,
15]. It is a member of the
Aspleniaceae family. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum is derived from a cross
between A. onopteris L. and A. cuneifolium Viv. [
1,
11,
12]. Black
spleenwort fern shows a wide range of morphological variation,
completely overlapping with the typical forms of both parents [
12].
- bibliographic citation
- Esser, Lora L. 1994. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum
provided by wikipedia EN
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum is a common species of fern known by the common name black spleenwort.[3] It is found mostly in Africa, Europe, and Eurasia, but is also native to a few locales in Mexico and the United States.[3][4]
Description
This spleenwort has thick, triangular leaf blades up to 10 centimeters long which are divided into several subdivided segments. It is borne on a reddish green petiole and the rachis is shiny and slightly hairy. The undersides of each leaf segment have one or more sori[4] arranged in chains.[5]
Taxonomy
Linnaeus was the first to describe black spleenwort with the binomial Asplenium adiantum-nigrum in his Species Plantarum of 1753.[6]
A chloroplast phylogeny verified the allopolyploid origin of A. adiantum-nigrum, with A. cuneifolium supplying the paternal genome and A. onopteris the maternal genome.[7]
Native distribution
-
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum is native to:
- Africa
- Asia
- Europe
- Macaronesia
- North America
- Oceania
In Hawaii, this native fern grows on cinder cones and lava flows,[8] and it is present in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.[5]
References
-
^ Asplenium adiantum-nigrum was originally described and published in Species Plantarum 2: 1081. 1753. "Name - Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L." Tropicos. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved November 4, 2011. Annotation: as "Adiant. nigrum"
-
^ "Name - Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L. synonyms". Tropicos. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
-
^ a b c "Asplenium adiantum-nigrum". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved November 4, 2011.
-
^ a b c Wagner, Warren H., Jr.; Moran, Robbin C.; Werth, Charles R. (1993). "Asplenium adiantum-nigrum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico. Vol. 2: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
-
^ a b Esser, Lora L. 1994. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer).
-
^ Linnaeus, C. (1753). Species Plantarum. Vol. II (1st ed.). Stockholm: Laurentii Salvii. p. 1081.
-
^ Xu et al. 2020, p. 46.
-
^ Asplenium adiantum-nigrum. The Nature Conservancy.
- Xu, Ke-Wang; Zhang, Liang; Rothfels, Carl J.; Smith, Alan R.; Viane, Ronald; Lorence, David; Wood, Kenneth R.; Cheng, Cheng-Wei; Knapp, Ralf; Zhou, Lin; Lu, Ngan Thi; Zhou, Xin-Mao; Wei, Hong-Jin; Fan, Qiang; Chen, Su-Fang; Cicuzza, Daniele; Gao, Xin-Fen; Li, Wen-Bo; Zhang, Li-Bing (2020). "A global plastid phylogeny of the fern genus Asplenium (Aspleniaceae)". Cladistics. 36 (1): 22–71. doi:10.1111/cla.12384. PMID 34618950. S2CID 201197385.
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Asplenium adiantum-nigrum: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum is a common species of fern known by the common name black spleenwort. It is found mostly in Africa, Europe, and Eurasia, but is also native to a few locales in Mexico and the United States.
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