Distribution in Egypt
provided by Bibliotheca Alexandrina LifeDesk
Nile region, Oases, Mediterranean region, Egyptian desert, Res Sea coastal strip, Gebel Elba, Sinai (St.Katherine) and Napq.
- author
- BA Cultnat
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- Bibliotheca Alexandrina
Global Distribution
provided by Bibliotheca Alexandrina LifeDesk
Nort Africa, Egypt, Sinai, Arabia, Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia and northwest tropical Africa.
- author
- BA Cultnat
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- Bibliotheca Alexandrina
Habitat
provided by Bibliotheca Alexandrina LifeDesk
Saline soils, desert wadis and sandy plains.
- author
- BA Cultnat
- provider
- Bibliotheca Alexandrina
Life Expectancy
provided by Bibliotheca Alexandrina LifeDesk
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- BA Cultnat
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- Bibliotheca Alexandrina
Comments
provided by eFloras
This is our largest and commonest species, often planted as roadside tree. The bark and irregularly rounded galls (Sakun hi Sindhi) are used for tanning.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Description
provided by eFloras
Trees or large shrubs. Young branches smooth. Leaves sessile, vaginate, ca. 2 mm, base amplexicaul, apex acute. Racemes 3-6 cm × 4-5 mm; when flowering in spring, racemes solitary; flowers blooming more commonly in summer, then racemes on new branches; flowers subsessile; bracts triangular or broadly triangular, exceeding pedicels, base slightly amplexicaul, apex acuminate. Pedicels much shorter than calyx. Calyx 5-fid, ca. 1.5 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse; outer 2 lobes slightly smaller, broadly ovate or broadly elliptic, abaxially slightly carinate; inner 3 larger, broadly elliptic or suborbicular. Petals 5, elliptic, oblong, or ovate-elliptic, 2-2.3 mm, deciduous, sometimes 1 or 2 persistent in fruit. Disk 5-lobed; lobes emarginate at apex or deeply divided into 10 lobules. Stamens 5; filaments inserted between disk lobes. Fl. Sep-Oct and rarely in spring. 2n = 24*.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Description
provided by eFloras
Trees or tall shrub, up to c. 13 m tall with reddish brown to grey bark, entirely glabrous. Leaves vaginate, abruptly mucronate 1.5-2 (-3) mm long, hoary due to the salt deposition from the impressed punctate glands. Racemes mostly aestival, simple or compound, 2-6 cm long, (2-) 34 (-5) mm broad, spirally curved. Flowers bisexual, subsessile, pinkish white, pedicel less than 1 mm long. Bracts vaginate, ovate, acuminate, 1.25-1.5 mm long, 0.5 mm broad. Sepals 5, free, 1.5 mm long, c. 1 mm broad, almost entire, obtuse, broadly ovate to elliptic, outer 2 somewhat smaller than the inner 3. Petals 5, filaments filiform, 2 mm long, anthers cordate, somewhat apiculate. Disc deeply 5 lobed, filaments inserted in between the lobes of the disc (mesodiscine), insertion peridiscal. Stigmas 3 or 4, discoid, styles half the length of the ovary, ovary conical, 1.75-2 mm long. Capsule pyramidal, rounded at the tip, 2.5-3.5 mm long, c. 1.5 mm broad.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Distribution
provided by eFloras
Distribution: Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Senegal, Sudan, Abyssinia, Eriterea, Somaliland, Kenya), Middle East (Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Iraq, Kuwait, Iran) Pakistan, India and Afghanistan.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Flower/Fruit
provided by eFloras
Fl. Per.: June-October
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Habitat & Distribution
provided by eFloras
Cultivated. Taiwan [native to N Africa and SW Asia].
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Synonym
provided by eFloras
Thuya aphylla Linnaeus, Cent. I Pl. 32. 1755.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Common Names
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Athel tamarisk
- bibliographic citation
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Tamarix aphylla. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Description
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
treeAthel tamarisk is a introduced, fast-growing, evergreen tree. It has a
rounded or irregular, spreading crown of many heavy, stout branches and
long, drooping twigs [
2,
16,
31]. It attains a height of 33 to 60 feet
(10-18 m) and may attain a diameter of 2.5 feet (0.8 m). The leaves are
tiny scales 0.06 inch (1.5 mm) long. The twigs are wiry, very slender,
and jointed. The bark becomes thick and deeply furrowed into long
narrow ridges on the trunk and smooth on the branches [
2,
16,
19,
31].
Athel tamarisk has a deep taproot [
33].
- bibliographic citation
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Tamarix aphylla. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Distribution
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Athel tamarisk is an introduced species native to Africa and the Middle
East [
1,
16,
20,
21]. It has escaped cultivation in some areas of the
United States but has not naturalized. It occurs from southern Texas to
southern Arizona and California [
1,
16,
20,
31].
- bibliographic citation
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Tamarix aphylla. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Fire Ecology
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
fire regime,
root crownAthel tamarisk is a fire-adapted species. The high ash (30-40%) and
salt content of its foliage make it hard to burn even when dry. Athel
tamarisk sprouts from the root crown after fire [
26].
FIRE REGIMES : Find fire regime information for the plant communities in which this
species may occur by entering the species name in the
FEIS home page under
"Find FIRE REGIMES".
- bibliographic citation
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Tamarix aphylla. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Fire Management Considerations
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Because of the fire-resistant qualities of Athel tamarisk foliage, it
is a good species for use in fire shelterbelts [
26].
In very arid regions, Athel tamarisk can be killed by piling cut debris
on the stumps and burning. This method resulted in 100 percent success
rate in killing Athel tamarisk [
4].
- bibliographic citation
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Tamarix aphylla. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification)
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. More info for the term:
phanerophytePhanerophyte (Mesophanerophyte)
- bibliographic citation
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Tamarix aphylla. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat characteristics
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
phreatophyteWhere established outside of cultivation, Athel tamarisk commonly
occurs on salt flats, springs, and other saline habitats especially
along streams and rivers [
22]. Athel tamarisk has been found along the
saline portions of the lower Colorado and Gila rivers and in the Salton
Sea Basin [
27]. It also grows along irrigation ditches in bottomlands
[
2].
Athel tamarisk is a facultative phreatophyte [
33]. It is drought
resistant and is tolerant of alkaline and saline soils [
16]. The
minimum annual rainfall required for reasonable growth is less than 16
inches (400 mm) [
26]. The elevational range for Athel tamarisk in
California is from below sea level to 5,000 feet (1,524 m) [
33]; in
Texas it occurs from 1,850 to 2,000 feet (564-610 m) [
22].
- bibliographic citation
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Tamarix aphylla. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Cover Types
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):
68 Mesquite
95 Black willow
235 Cottonwood - willow
237 Interior ponderosa pine
238 Western juniper
- bibliographic citation
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Tamarix aphylla. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Ecosystem
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):
More info for the term:
shrubFRES21 Ponderosa pine
FRES29 Sagebrush
FRES30 Desert shrub
FRES34 Chaparral - mountain shrub
FRES35 Pinyon - juniper
FRES40 Desert grasslands
- bibliographic citation
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Tamarix aphylla. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Plant Associations
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):
More info for the terms:
forest,
shrub,
woodlandK019 Arizona pine forest
K023 Juniper - pinyon woodland
K027 Mesquite bosque
K033 Chaparral
K034 Montane chaparral
K038 Great Basin sagebrush
K039 Blackbrush
K040 Saltbrush - greasewood
K041 Creosotebush
K057 Galleta - threeawn shrubsteppe
K059 Trans-Pecos shrub savanna
K071 Shinnery
- bibliographic citation
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Tamarix aphylla. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Immediate Effect of Fire
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
root crownAthel tamarisk generally survives fire [
26], although severe fire may
destroy the root crown and prevent sprouting.
- bibliographic citation
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Tamarix aphylla. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Importance to Livestock and Wildlife
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Tamarix spp. communities in general are less valuable to wildlife than
are native riparian plant communities [
12,
30].
- bibliographic citation
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Tamarix aphylla. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Key Plant Community Associations
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Athel tamarisk is sometimes found associated with the following species:
screwbean mesquite (Prosopis pubescens), big saltbrush (Atriplex
lentiformis), arrow-weed (Pluchea sericea), western honey mesquite
(Prosopis glandulosa torreyana), desert saltbrush (Atriplex polycarpa),
pickleweed (Allenrolfea occidentalis), and saltgrass (Distichlis
spicata) [
27,
33].
- bibliographic citation
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Tamarix aphylla. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Life Form
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
treeTree
- bibliographic citation
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Tamarix aphylla. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Management considerations
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Unlike the deciduous Tamarix spp., which have become serious weed
species in the Southwest, Athel tamrisk seldom escapes cultivation
and, therefore, rarely becomes a problem [
9].
Where it is unwanted, Athel tamairsk may be controlled by cutting stumps
and applying herbicide or mechanically excavating stumps
followed by direct treatment of roots with herbicide [
33].
- bibliographic citation
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Tamarix aphylla. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Occurrence in North America
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
AZ CA HI NV NM TX UT
- bibliographic citation
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Tamarix aphylla. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Other uses and values
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Athel tamarisk is planted as an ornamental from California to Texas [
2].
Tamarix spp. flowers provide an important source of pollen for the
European honeybee [
14,
15].
- bibliographic citation
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Tamarix aphylla. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Palatability
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Tamarix spp. are relatively unpalatable to most classes of livestock and
wildlife [
5]. Athel tamarisk foliage contains phenolic acids which may
prevent herbivory [
32].
- bibliographic citation
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Tamarix aphylla. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Phenology
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. More info for the term:
fruitAthel tamarisk generally flowers from March through August [
16,
25,
29].
The fruit matures in late summer [
16].
- bibliographic citation
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Tamarix aphylla. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Plant Response to Fire
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
root crownAthel tamarisk generally sprouts from the root crown after fire
[
26,
33].
- bibliographic citation
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Tamarix aphylla. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Post-fire Regeneration
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
root crownsurvivor species; on-site surviving root crown or caudex
- bibliographic citation
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Tamarix aphylla. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Regeneration Processes
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
root crownAthel tamarisk flowers and produces many seeds, but most of the seeds
are sterile [
9,
34]. Its main method of propagation is vegetative. It
sprouts from the root crown or forms adventitous roots from submerged,
broken or buried stems [
9,
18].
- bibliographic citation
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Tamarix aphylla. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Regional Distribution in the Western United States
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species can be found in the following regions of the western United States (according to the Bureau of Land Management classification of Physiographic Regions of the western United States):
3 Southern Pacific Border
6 Upper Basin and Range
7 Lower Basin and Range
12 Colorado Plateau
13 Rocky Mountain Piedmont
14 Great Plains
- bibliographic citation
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Tamarix aphylla. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Successional Status
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. More info for the term:
seedInformation on the successional status of Athel tamarisk is lacking.
It sprouts from on-site surviving root crowns in initial communities
[
9,
26]. Although it does not colonize sites by seed, it can colonize
disturbed areas by broken limbs carried by water [
9,
34].
- bibliographic citation
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Tamarix aphylla. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Synonyms
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Tamarix articulata Vahl.
- bibliographic citation
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Tamarix aphylla. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Taxonomy
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
The currently accepted scientific name for Athel tamarisk is Tamarix
aphylla (L.) Karst. [
2,
11,
16]. There are no recognized subspecies,
varieties, or forms.
- bibliographic citation
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Tamarix aphylla. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Value for rehabilitation of disturbed sites
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Athel tamarisk is planted for windbreaks and shade [
7,
24]. It is
frequently planted in desert areas [
10,
24]. Cuttings root best in
moist, loose, low salinity soil [
18].
- bibliographic citation
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Tamarix aphylla. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Wood Products Value
provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
fuelAthel tamarisk wood is used for fuel. It produces a fragrant odor when
burned [
16]. The wood is fine grained, light colored, and capable of
taking a high polish. It has been proposed for use in making furniture
and fenceposts [
2,
16,
21].
- bibliographic citation
- Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Tamarix aphylla. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Distribution
(
Spanish; Castilian
)
provided by IABIN
Chile Central
Tamarix aphylla
provided by wikipedia EN
Tamarix aphylla is the largest known species of Tamarix, with heights up to 18 metres (59 ft). The species has a variety of common names, including Athel tamarisk,[1] Athel tree, and Athel pine. It is an evergreen tree, native across North, East, and Central Africa, through the Middle East, and into parts of Western and Southern Asia.
Distribution
Tamarix aphylla is found along watercourses in arid areas. It is very resistant to saline and alkaline soils.[2] Its range extends from latitude 35°N to 0°N, and its W–E range extends from Morocco and Algeria in North Africa, eastwards to Egypt, and south to the Horn of Africa and into Kenya. It is found in the Middle East and the Arabian Peninsula, east through Iran, and into Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India.[3]
Description
Tamarix aphylla grows as a tree to 18 metres (59 ft) high. The tiny leaves are alternately arranged along the branches, and exude salt, which can form a crusted layer on the surface, and drip onto the ground beneath.[3] The species can reproduce by seed, by suckering, or from a cutting. It blooms between July till November.[4]
Uses
Tamarix aphylla has been used as a windbreak and shade tree in agriculture and horticulture for decades, especially in dryer regions such as the western United States and central and western Australia. Due to its higher fire adaptability, it can be used as a barrier to fire. Even when dry, the wood of Tamarix is difficult to burn, due to the high ash content (30–40%) and higher salt content of its foliage. After a fire it usually regrows, unless the root-crown is destroyed.[2]
The nectar from the blossoms of Tamarix aphylla produces high-quality honey with a unique taste. Due to the drought- and salt-tolerant properties of the tree, it could be planted as an agroforestry species, as well as for reclamation of marginal lands. A vegetative propagation method for the tree using the aeroponics technique has recently been developed.[5]
Australia
Within these regions, it has spread, most dramatically and noticeably in central Australia after the floods of 1974 along the Finke River in the Northern Territory. Since then it has become a serious weed and invasive species in the Northern Territory and Western Australia. The species had been present for many decades without much spread before this.[6]
It tends to use more water than most native plants in Australia, which it outcompetes. It has replaced the indigenous eucalyptus along watercourses in the interior.[6] It has been declared a weed of national significance in Australia.[7]
United States
It is commonly used for windbreaks on the edges of agricultural fields and as a shade tree in the deserts of the Southwestern United States. This species has not naturalized in areas of the United States where it has been grown, unlike other species in the genus Tamarix that are vigorously invasive.[2]
History
Most botanists and Bible scholars believe that the eshel tree planted by Abraham in the Book of Genesis, was Tamarix aphylla,[8] Carl Linnaeus wrote that its name was derived from the Ancient Greek 'a' "without", and 'phyllon' "leaf".[9]
In Urdu and Hindi, the tree is called farash (فراش) and in Punjabi, it is called kooan (کواں). In Baluchi, it is called shakargaaz or siahgaaz. In Saraiki, it is called Khagal.[10]
Chemistry
2,6-Digalloyl glucose and 3,6-digalloyl glucose are gallotannins found in galls of T. aphylla.[11]
References
-
^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Tamarix aphylla". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
-
^ a b c "Tamarix aphylla". www.fs.fed.us.
-
^ a b Forestry Compendium Global Module] (Report). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. 2000.
-
^ "Plants of the Bible | Tamarix aphylla". www.flowersinisrael.com. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
-
^ Sharma, U.; Kataria, V.; Shekhawat, N.S. (2017). "Aeroponics for adventitious rhizogenesis in evergreen haloxeric tree Tamarix aphylla (L.; Karst.): Influence of exogenous auxins and cutting type". Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants. 24 (1): 167–174. doi:10.1007/s12298-017-0493-0. PMC 5787124.
-
^ a b Griffin, G.F.; Smith, D.M.S.; Morton, S.R.; Allan, G.E.; Masters, K.A.; Preece, N. (1989). "Status and implications of the invasion of tamarisk (Tamarix aphylla) on the Finke River, Northern Territory, Australia". Journal of Environmental Management. 29 (4): 297–315.
-
^ "Athel pine". www.weeds.org.au. Weeds of National Significance. Weeds Australia. Archived from the original on 12 September 2009. Retrieved 29 September 2009.
-
^ "Abraham planted tamarisk trees" (blog). 24 March 2011.
-
^ Liddell, H.G.; Scott, R. (1980). A Greek-English Lexicon (abridged ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-910207-4.
-
^ "[no title cited] MN 050, part 13" (PDF). aciar.gov.au. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) -
^ Nawwar, Mahmoud A.M.; Hussein, Sahar A.M. (July 1994). "Gall polyphenolics of Tamarix aphylla". Phytochemistry. 36 (4): 1035–1037. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90486-2.
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- cc-by-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Wikipedia authors and editors
Tamarix aphylla: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Tamarix aphylla is the largest known species of Tamarix, with heights up to 18 metres (59 ft). The species has a variety of common names, including Athel tamarisk, Athel tree, and Athel pine. It is an evergreen tree, native across North, East, and Central Africa, through the Middle East, and into parts of Western and Southern Asia.
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- cc-by-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Wikipedia authors and editors
Tamarix aphylla
(
Spanish; Castilian
)
provided by wikipedia ES
Tamarix aphylla, taraje, es un pequeño árbol de la familia de las tamaricáceas.
Descripción
Arbusto o árbol perennifolio, de tronco grueso, con ramas erectas y hojas que envuelven el tallo en su totalidad, El disco nectarífero presenta lóbulos que separan cada par de estambres contiguos.
Distribución y hábitat
En el norte de África, y países del Mediterráneo oriental. En España se conoce exclusivamente del sureste, donde ha llegado a naturalizarse en algunas zonas próximas a la costa de Almería.[1] En Marruecos, el Sáhara Occidental y Mauritania en las zonas meridionales, a lo largo de los oueds y extensiones de agua permanente o semipermanente. Zona sahariana árida, en bioclima cálido y fresco.[2]
Importancia económica y cultural
- Usos
Frecuentemente plantado como corta vientos; pudiendo servir cuando la capa freática está próxima, para fijar dunas continentales.
Taxonomía
Tamarix aphylla fue descrita por (Carlos Linneo) H.Karst. y publicado en Deutsche Flora. Pharmaceutisch-medicinische Botanik. . . 641. 1882.[3]
- Etimología
Tamarix: nombre genérico que deriva del latín y que puede referirse al Río Tamaris en la Hispania Tarraconensis (España).[4]
aphylla: epíteto latino derivado de a = "sin" y phylla = "hoja", que significa "sin hojas".[5]
- Sinonimia
-
Thuja aphylla L. (1755)
-
Tamarix orientalis Forssk. (1775)
-
Tamarix articulata Vahl (1791)[6][7]
Véase también
Referencias
-
↑ Galán Cela, P; Gamarra Gamarra R., García Viñas J.I. (2003). Árboles y Arbustos de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares (4ª edición). Madrid:Jaguar. ISBN 84-95537-50-8. La referencia utiliza el parámetro obsoleto
|coautores= (ayuda) -
↑ Benabid, A. (2000). Flore et écosystèmes du Maroc. Paris:Ibis. ISBN 2-910728-13-7.
-
↑ Tamarix aphylla en Trópicos
-
↑ Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000), CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names, 4 R-Z, Taylor & Francis US, p. 2628, ISBN 978-0-8493-2678-3.
-
↑ Liddell, Henry George and Robert Scott (1980). A Greek-English Lexicon (Abridged Edition). United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-910207-4.
-
↑ «Tamarix aphylla». Conservatorio y Jardín Botánico de Ginebra: Flora africana. Consultado el 28 de diciembre de 2010.
-
↑ Tamarix aphylla en PlantList
Bibliografía
- AFPD. 2008. African Flowering Plants Database - Base de Donnees des Plantes a Fleurs D'Afrique.
- Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2007. Fl. China 13: 1–548. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
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Tamarix aphylla: Brief Summary
(
Spanish; Castilian
)
provided by wikipedia ES
Tamarix aphylla, taraje, es un pequeño árbol de la familia de las tamaricáceas.
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Detalle de la planta
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Vista de la planta
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Tamarix aphylla
(
French
)
provided by wikipedia FR
Tamarix aphylla est une espèce de petit arbre du genre Tamarix et de la famille des tamaricacées. L’espèce a une variété de noms communs, y compris les tamaris Athel, arbre Athel, Athel pin et saltcedar. C’est un arbre à feuilles verte persistantes, originaire du Nord, est et Afrique centrale, à travers le Moyen-Orient et dans certaines parties de l’Ouest et l’Asie du Sud.
Synonyme non accepté par ITIS et par GRIN : Tamarix articulata Vahl.
Répartition
Tamarix aphylla se trouve le long de cours d’eau dans les zones arides. Il est très résistant aux sols salins et alcalins. La portée latitudinale varie de 35 N à 0 N et il varie entre Maroc et l’Algérie en Afrique du Nord vers l’est vers l’Egypte et le sud de la corne de l’Afrique et au Kenya. Il se trouve dans le Moyen-Orient et la péninsule arabique, à l’est par l’Iran et en Inde, au Pakistan et en Afghanistan.
Description
Tamarix aphylla pousse comme un arbre jusqu’à 18 mètres de haut. Les feuilles minuscules sont alternativement disposées le long des branches et exsudent de sel, qui peut former une couche en croûte à la surface et couler sur le sol. L’espèce peut se reproduire par semis ou par drageonnement.
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Tamarix aphylla: Brief Summary
(
French
)
provided by wikipedia FR
Tamarix aphylla est une espèce de petit arbre du genre Tamarix et de la famille des tamaricacées. L’espèce a une variété de noms communs, y compris les tamaris Athel, arbre Athel, Athel pin et saltcedar. C’est un arbre à feuilles verte persistantes, originaire du Nord, est et Afrique centrale, à travers le Moyen-Orient et dans certaines parties de l’Ouest et l’Asie du Sud.
Synonyme non accepté par ITIS et par GRIN : Tamarix articulata Vahl.
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Tamarix aphylla
(
Indonesian
)
provided by wikipedia ID
Tamarix aphylla merupakan spesies Tamarix terbesar (tinggi: mencapai 18 meter atau 60 kaki) . Spesies ini mempunyai sederetan nama daerah, termasuk:
- Athel pine
- Athel tree
- Athel tamarisk
- saltcedar
Merupakan tumbuhan evergreen, asli tumbuh di Afrika Utara, Timur dan Tengah, sampai ke Timur Tengah, dan mencapai sebagian Asia Barat dan Asia Selatan.
Penggunaan
Tamarix aphylla digunakan sebagai "pemecah angin" (windbreak) dan pohon peneduh dalam pertanian dan hortikultura selama bertahun-tahun, termasuk daerah kering di Amerika Serikat barat serta Australia tengah dan barat. Karena kemampuan beradaptasinya tinggi terhadap kebakaran, dapat digunakan sebagai suatu barier terhadap kebakaran hutan. Kayu tamariska yang kering juga sukar dibakar karena kadar abu tinggi (30-40%) dan kadar garam tinggi pada daun-daunnya. Setelah terbakar, biasanya dapat tumbuh kembali kecuali jika mahkota akarnya turut hancur.[1]
Sejarah
Kebanyakan ahli botani dan sarjana Alkitab meyakini bahwa pohon eshel (tamariska) yang ditanam oleh Abraham dalam Kitab Kejadian pasal 21:33, merupakan Tamarix aphylla,[2] 'Bapa taksonom' Carolus Linnaeus menulis bahwa nama ini diturunkan dari bahasa Yunani kuno: 'a' "tanpa", dan 'phyllon' "daun".[3] Dalam budaya Urdu dan Hindi pohon ini disebut "Farash" (فراش), sementara di Punjabi dinamai "kooan" (کواں). Di Baluchi disebut Shakargaaz atau Siahgaaz[4]
Kimia
2,6-Digalloyl glucose dan 3,6-digalloyl glucose merupakan jenis gallotannin yang ditemukan dalam gall T. aphylla[5]
Referensi
Tamarix aphylla: Brief Summary
(
Indonesian
)
provided by wikipedia ID
Tamarix aphylla merupakan spesies Tamarix terbesar (tinggi: mencapai 18 meter atau 60 kaki) . Spesies ini mempunyai sederetan nama daerah, termasuk:
Athel pine Athel tree Athel tamarisk saltcedar
Merupakan tumbuhan evergreen, asli tumbuh di Afrika Utara, Timur dan Tengah, sampai ke Timur Tengah, dan mencapai sebagian Asia Barat dan Asia Selatan.
Tamarix aphylla
(
Dutch; Flemish
)
provided by wikipedia NL
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Tamarix aphylla: Brief Summary
(
Dutch; Flemish
)
provided by wikipedia NL
Tamarix aphylla is een soort uit het geslacht Tamarix, behorend tot de tamariskfamilie (Tamaricaceae). De soort wordt ook wel Athel of Ethel genoemd. De soort komt voor in Noord-, Oost- en Centraal-Afrika, het Midden-Oosten en delen van West- en Zuid-Azië. De soort groeit in wadis en langs waterstroompjes in droge gebieden.
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Tamaryszek bezlistny
(
Polish
)
provided by wikipedia POL
Tamaryszek bezlistny (Tamarix aphylla (L.) H.Karst.) – gatunek roślin z rodziny tamaryszkowatych (Tamarixaceae).
Rodzimy obszar występowania obejmuje niektóre rejony Afryki (Algieria, Egipt, Libia, Tunezja, Maroko, Kenia, Mauretania, Senegal), Azji (Arabia Saudyjska, Jemen, półwysep Synaj, Izrael, Iran, Afganistan, Indie, Pakistan). Jako gatunek introdukowany rozprzestrzenił się w wielu rejonach świata i obecnie rośnie dziko także w Namibii, Australii, niektórych stanach USA i Meksyku, na Hawajach i archipelagu Peskadory. Ponadto jest uprawiany w Kuwejcie, Izraelu, Jordanii i Iraku[3][4]. W niektórych regionach świata, np. w Australii jest gatunkiem inwazyjnym[5].
Morfologia
- Pokrój
- Drzewo o wysokości do 15 m i zwisających gałęziach. W młodości pień jest jasnoszary, starsze pnie są szarobrązowe i mogą osiągnąć średnicę do 1 m[5]. Starsze drzewa stają się sękate i pochylone[6].
- Liście
- Drobne, łuskowate, ciemnozielone, podobne do igieł sosny[5].
- Kwiaty
- 5-krotne, biało-różowe, wyrastające bez szypułek bezpośrednio na cienkich, tegorocznych pędach. Mają długość 3-4 cm[5].
- Owoc
- Dzwonkowatego kształtu torebka z czubą włosków i licznymi nasionami[5].
Biologia i ekologia
Kwitnie latem, nasiona dojrzewają jesienią. Rozsiewane są przez wiatr i wodę. Kiełkują wkrótce po upadnięciu na ziemię, po roku siewki osiągają wysokość 60-100 cm. Już w trzecim roku roślina zakwita. Jedna roślina corocznie tworzy tysiące nasion. Ma silnie zdrewniałe korzenie, w poszukiwaniu wody wrastające na dużą głębokość[5].
Tamaryszek bezlistny jest odporny na suszę i znosi duże nawet zasolenie gleby. Najchętniej rośnie nad rzekami, ale również na stepach, półpustyniach i pustyniach[5].
Znaczenie
- W Australii jest uważany za jeden z najbardziej uciążliwych chwastów. Zajmuje tereny pastwiskowe i szybciej zużywa wodę niż rodzime gatunki roślin. Jego zdolność do koncentracji soli powoduje, że zajmowany przez niego teren po pewnym czasie ulega zasoleniu, co uniemożliwia rozwój użytecznych roślin pastwiskowych. Jego rozprzestrzenieniu i wypieraniu rodzimej roślinności sprzyja także duża odporność tamaryszka na suszę i pożary[5].
-
Beduini na pustyni często sadzili tamaryszka (zazwyczaj przez sadzonki), by dawał cień pasterzom i bydłu. Cień, jaki daje tamaryszek, jest lepszy od cienia innych drzew rosnących na terenach Ziemi Świętej. Nocą, gdy na pustyni zwiększa się wilgotność powietrza, tamaryszek absorbuje z pary wodnej sól, która tworzy maleńkie kryształki na jego liściach. Rano tamaryszek pokryty jest błyszczącymi kropelkami rosy. Gdy zaczyna przygrzewać słońce, woda z nich stopniowo wyparowuje, dając przyjemny chłód, utrzymujący się aż do godzin południowych[6].
Udział w kulturze
- W Biblii tamaryszek (bez rozróżnienia gatunku) wymieniony jest 3 razy. W Palestynie występuje 7 gatunków tamaryszków, ale z kontekstu opisów biblijnych wynika, że chodzi o drzewo, w grę wchodzi więc tylko tamaryszek bezlistny. Pod tamaryszkiem w Jabesz pochowano króla Saula i jego trzech synów (1 Sm 31,13). W Beer Szewa biblijny Abraham wykopał studnię, nad którą zasadził tamaryszki (Rdz 21,33). Studnia ta nazwana została Studnią Przysięgi i istnieje do dzisiaj. Zwyczaj sadzenia drzew nad studnią praktykowany był przez plemiona koczownicze. Zasadzone drzewa utwierdzały prawo własności do tego terenu i dawały cień pasterzom i ich stadom[6][7]. Pod tamaryszkiem na wzgórzu Gibei odpoczywał wraz ze swoimi ludźmi król Saul (1 Sm 22,6)[7].
- Starobabiloński poemat opisuje spór palmy (daktylowej) z tamaryszkiem. Palma chwali się swoją użytecznością i zarzuca tamaryszkowi jego bezużyteczność. Podczas tego sporu drzew ludzie dokonali wyboru lepszego drzewa – usiedli pod tamaryszkiem, który dawał lepszy cień[6].
Przypisy
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Tamaryszek bezlistny: Brief Summary
(
Polish
)
provided by wikipedia POL
![src=]()
Pęd z liśćmi
Tamaryszek bezlistny (Tamarix aphylla (L.) H.Karst.) – gatunek roślin z rodziny tamaryszkowatych (Tamarixaceae).
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Тамарикс безлистий
(
Ukrainian
)
provided by wikipedia UK
Назва
Біномінальну назву рослина отримала від Карла Ліннея з греки — 'a' «без», and 'phyllon' «листя».
Будова
Вічнозелене листяне дерево до 15 м з густою «плакучою» кроною. Стовбур короткий, укритий сірою зморшкуватою корою, може мати 60-80 см в діаметрі. Ззовні схожий на кипарис завдяки маленькому лускатому листю, що щільно прилягає до голкоподібних гілок. Листочки розміщені на гілочках по спіралі. Тамариск квіткова рослина, що утворює волоті дрібних білих та рожевих квіток з 5-ма пелюстками. Восени на гілках дозріває насіння, вкрите шовковистим пухом.
Поширення та середовище існування
Росте у Північно-Східній Африці, Західній Азії, Ірані. Зустрічається на берегах і руслах пересихаючих річок у посушливих регіонах, переважно на піщаних або мулистих ґрунтах. У південно-західну частину США та Центральну Австралію тамарикс безлистий був занесений людьми і тепер розрісся як бур'ян на берегах річок, витісняючи місцеві види.
Практичне використання
Декоративне квіткове дерево.
Жителі пустелі використовують деревину тамарикса як паливо.
В Ірані використовується для укріплення піщаних дюн.[1]
Цікаві факти
Тамарикс безлистий — найбільший представник роду тамарикс. Решта його представників — низькі чагарники та дерева.
Галерея
Примітки
Джерела
- Ліс. — К.Махаон-Україна, 2008. — 304 с., іл. — С. 171
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Thuja aphylla
(
Vietnamese
)
provided by wikipedia VI
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Thuja aphylla: Brief Summary
(
Vietnamese
)
provided by wikipedia VI
Thuja aphylla là một loài thực vật hạt trần trong họ Cupressaceae. Loài này được L. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1755.
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Тамариск безлистный
(
Russian
)
provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
Надпорядок:
Caryophyllanae Takht., 1967 Вид: Тамариск безлистный
Международное научное название
Tamarix aphylla (L.) H.Karst.
Систематика
на Викивидах
Изображения
на Викискладе ITIS 22306NCBI 189786EOL 585675GRIN t:36222IPNI 828051-1TPL kew-2520285 Тамарикс безлистный (лат. Tamarix aphylla) — крупнейший из известных видов рода Гребенщик (высота до 18 метров). Данный вид имеет множество других названий, среди которых англ. Athel tamarisk; Athel tree; Athel pine; Athel saltcedar. Вечнозеленое дерево, растущее в Северной, Восточной и Центральной Африке, на Ближнем Востоке, а также в некоторых частях Западной и Южной Азии.
Распространение
Тамарикс безлистный встречается вдоль рек в засушливых районах. Хорошо растет на засоленных и щелочных почвах. Широтный диапазон распространения находится от 35° с.ш. до 0° с.ш., он тянется на восток от Марокко и Алжира в Северной Африке к Египту и на юг до Африканского Рога и Кении. Встречается на Ближнем Востоке и на Аравийском полуострове, и восточнее, в Иране, Индии, Пакистане и Афганистане.
Ботаническое описание
Тамариск безлистный растет как дерево до 18 м в высоту.
Листья расположены поочерёдно вдоль ветвей, они выделяют соль, которая может покрывать коркой их поверхность и падать на землю под растением.
Данный вид может размножаться семенами или корневыми отпрысками.
Применение
В сельском хозяйстве и растениеводстве используется как ветролом и тенистое дерево в течение многих десятилетий, особенно в сухих регионах, таких, как западная часть Соединенных Штатов и центральная и западная части Австралии. Из-за адаптивных особенностей, помогающих перенести пожар, деревья данного вида могут использоваться в качестве противопожарных барьеров. Даже сухое дерево тамарикса горит плохо из-за его высокой зольности (30—40 %) и высокого содержания соли в листве. Если во время пожара корень не был уничтожен, дерево обычно вырастает заново.
Примечания
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Тамариск безлистный: Brief Summary
(
Russian
)
provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
Тамарикс безлистный (лат. Tamarix aphylla) — крупнейший из известных видов рода Гребенщик (высота до 18 метров). Данный вид имеет множество других названий, среди которых англ. Athel tamarisk; Athel tree; Athel pine; Athel saltcedar. Вечнозеленое дерево, растущее в Северной, Восточной и Центральной Африке, на Ближнем Востоке, а также в некоторых частях Западной и Южной Азии.
无叶柽柳
(
Chinese
)
provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
无叶柽柳: Brief Summary
(
Chinese
)
provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
无叶柽柳（学名：Tamarix aphylla），为柽柳科柽柳属下的一个植物种。
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这是一篇與植物相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。 
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