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Selbitz, Bavaria, Germany
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Ranunculus muricatus L., syn.: Ranunculus graecus Griseb. Ranunculus lavrentiadis Papan. & KokkiniFamily: Ranunculaceae Juss.EN: Rough-fruited buttercup, Spinyfruit buttercup, DE: Stachelfrchtiger HahnenfuSlo.: bodiastoplodna zlaticaDat.: May 11. 2019Lat.: 45.07346 Long.: 14.44561Code: Bot_1197/2019_DSC5795Habitat: on the shore of an abandoned and overgrown natural water pool, almost flat terrain; wet ground; calcareous bedrock; sunny place; elevation 105 m (345 feet); average precipitations ~ 1.000 mm/year, average temperature 12-13 deg C, sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Adriatic Sea, island Krk, otovento region, west-southwest of village Brzac, Kvarner bay, Rijeka region, Croatia EC.Comment: Ranunculus muricatus is a Mediterranean, warmth loving plant. It is native in all countries around Mediterranean and Black Sea. However, it is also introduced to several other European countries. The plant loves, apart of the sun, moist ground and is not tolerant to Mediterranean dry ground during summer heat. The genus Ranunculus is huge. In spite of this, it is easy to identify Ranunculus muricatus by the shape of its leaves, characteristic shape of its spiny fruits (see Fig. 3) and moist environment. It is rare plant in Slovenia and can be found only on few places near Adriatic Sea shore. On Adriatic islands it is much more frequent. Ref.:(1) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 142. (2) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 166.(3) R. Domac, Flora Hrvatske (Flora of Croatia) (in Croatian), kolska Knjiga, Zagreb (1994), p 103.
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Chilly, Champagne-Ardenne, France
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close up image of Ranunculus abortivus SMALL-FLOWERED BUTTERCUP at the James Woodworth Prairie Preserve - showing several blooms, flower buds, and seed pods, detailing at center the 'swept back' sepals of a flower that has dropped it petals
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Ranunculus trichophyllus s.str. Chaix, syn.: Batrachium trichophyllum (Chaix) F. W. Schultz, Ranunculus divaricatus SchrankFamily: RanunculaceaeSubgenus: BatrachiumEN: Threadleaf Crowfoot, Thread-leaved Water Crowfoot, DE: Gewhnlicher Harrblat WasserhahnenfuSlo.: lasastolistna vodna zlaticaDat.: April 24. 2018Lat.: 45.09614 Long.: 14.49151 (WGS84)Code: Bot_1126/2018_DSC2186Habitat: Water pond in the midst of forest; flat terrain; calcareous ground; partly sunny;elevation 72 m (235 feet); average precipitations about 1.000 mm/year, average temperature 13-14 deg C, Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: West island Krk, Adriatic Sea, between villages Poljica and Turi, Kvarner bay, Croatia EC. Comment: The number of species in the genus Ranunculus - buttercups - is very large (about 600). Vast majority of them are terrestrial plants. Several are well known and common inhabitants of meadows. Yet, a small group of them (subgenus Batrachium) is living in still or slowly running waters. They are all relatively rare because their habitats are quickly disappearing because of human greed for useful land. These plants are all very variable and change their habit greatly depending on growth conditions - from floods to almost dry mud. Hence, their determination is often difficult. This find seems relatively a simple case in this respect. Plants' robust habit (from 0.5 to 3 m long stems up to 5 mm in diameter), small flowers (max 12 mm in diameter; that is significantly less than with most probable alternatives Ranunculus peltatus or Ranunculus aquatilis), petals, which are relatively narrow and do not overlap, roundish receptacle (the part of the peduncle where the flowers are born), sickle shaped nectary groves, absence of leaves floating on water surface, soft underwater leaves (they stick together and form a 'brush' when taken out of water) and the fact that floating stems are not rooting at the nodes or eventually only weakly and near their base, all this speaks in favor of Ranunculus trichophyllus.Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 280.(2) W.K. Rottensteiner, Exkursionsflora fr Istrien, Verlag des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins Krten (2014), p 791.(3) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 141. (4) (x) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 140.(5) H. Haeupler, T. Muer, Bildatlas der Farn- und Bluetenpflazen Deutschlands, Ulmer (2000), p 65.
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Nordur-Isafjardarsysla, Iceland
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Ranunculus setaceus (simple-leaf buttercup) flowering on the shores of lake Augusta, Central Plateau Conservation Area, Tasmania.
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Wog Wog, New South Wales, Australia
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Castello D'Empuries, Catalonia, Spain
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Ranunculus chius DC, syn.: Ranunculus incrassatus Guss.Eastern Buttercup, DE: Chios HahnenfuSlo.: napihnjena zlaticaDat.: April 24. 2015Lat.: 45.06876 Long.: 14.44834Code: Bot_0867/2015_DSC5895Picture file names: from Ranunculus chius_raw_1 to Ranunculus chius_raw_5.Habitat: a small, newly established figs trees plantation; flat terrain, sunny and dry place; calcareous, skeletal ground, exposed to direct rain, elevation 80 m (260 feet), average precipitations 1.000-1.200 mm/year, average temperature 13 - 15 deg C, Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region.Substratum: Karst soil.Place: Fields on the right side of the road from Milohni village to Vela Jana harbor, west Krk island, Kvarner bay, Adriatic Sea, Croatia EC.Comment: Ranunculus chius, named after Greek island Chios, is an inconspicuous, rather small, annual buttercup plant seldom encountered. This is probably due to its mall, inconspicuous flowers, its hiddenness among other greenery in grassland and also because it is nowhere a common plant. It is a species of a Mediterranean-eastern European distribution with a rather sparse and erratic distribution. It usually grows in wet meadows and in temporary pools, from sea level to lower montane elevations. Habitat of this find is in a sharp contradiction to this. The plant is toxic due to the content of anemonine.There are many buttercups described, but Ranunculus chius is relatively easy to recognize. Not by its flowers, which may have from 3 to 5 developed petals, but by its swollen fruiting pedicels thickened toward the apex (see Fig. 1b). Its achenes are also characteristic. They are dark brown when fully developed and are densely covered by short prickles. One can see these prickles starting to develop on Fig. 2b, which shows young, not yet ripe achenes.Ref.:(1) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 143.(2) W.K. Rottensteiner, Exkursionsflora fr Istrien, Verlag des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins Krten (2014), p 798.(3)
dryades.units.it/stagnisardi_en/index.php?procedure=taxon... (accessed Jan.27. 2019)(4)
www.cretanflora.com/ranunculus_chius.html (accessed Jan.27. 2019)
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Ranunculus peltatus Schrank, syn.: Ranunculus petiveri Koch, Batrachium petiveri (Koch) SchultzEN: Petiver's Brackish Water Crowfoot, DE: Schild-WasserhahnenfuSlo.: Petiverjeva vodna zlaticaDat.: May 1. 2019Lat.: 45.00211 Long.: 14.67942 (WGS84)Code: Bot_1188/2019_DSC05863Habitat: Small shallow water pond, flat terrain; open, sunny, dry, wind-swept place; stony, calcareous ground; elevation 500 m (1.650 feet); average precipitations 1.400 -1.500 mm/year, average temperature 12-13 deg C, Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: mud at the bottom of a shallow standing water pond.Place: Island Krk, south-east mountain plateau, 1 km north-northwest of Mt. Obzovo, 569 m and west of Velika Lokva pond; Kvarner bay, Rijeka region, Croatia EC.Comment: See the comment to my first album about this interesting butterwort found on island Olib from May 2018.Ref.:(1) W.K. Rottensteiner, Exkursionsflora fr Istrien, Verlag Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins fr Krnten (2014), p 794.(2)
canope.ac-besancon.fr/flore/Ranunculaceae/especes/ranuncu... (accessed May 26. 2018)(3)
www.tela-botanica.org/bdtfx-nn-54820-synthese (accessed May 26. 2018)(4) U. Jensen, J.W. Kadereit (eds), Systematics and Evolution of the Ranunculiflorae, Conference proceedings, Springer-Verlag, Wien (1995)
link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-7091-6612-3 (5) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 144. (6) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 280.(7) H. Haeupler, T. Muer, Bildatlas der Farn- und Bluetenpflazen Deutschlands, Ulmer (2000), p 67.
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Drenthe, Netherlands
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Ranunculus muricatus L., syn.: Ranunculus graecus Griseb. Ranunculus lavrentiadis Papan. & KokkiniFamily: Ranunculaceae Juss.EN: Rough-fruited buttercup, Spinyfruit buttercup, DE: Stachelfrchtiger HahnenfuSlo.: bodiastoplodna zlaticaDat.: May 11. 2019Lat.: 45.07346 Long.: 14.44561Code: Bot_1197/2019_DSC5795Habitat: on the shore of an abandoned and overgrown natural water pool, almost flat terrain; wet ground; calcareous bedrock; sunny place; elevation 105 m (345 feet); average precipitations ~ 1.000 mm/year, average temperature 12-13 deg C, sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Adriatic Sea, island Krk, otovento region, west-southwest of village Brzac, Kvarner bay, Rijeka region, Croatia EC.Comment: Ranunculus muricatus is a Mediterranean, warmth loving plant. It is native in all countries around Mediterranean and Black Sea. However, it is also introduced to several other European countries. The plant loves, apart of the sun, moist ground and is not tolerant to Mediterranean dry ground during summer heat. The genus Ranunculus is huge. In spite of this, it is easy to identify Ranunculus muricatus by the shape of its leaves, characteristic shape of its spiny fruits (see Fig. 3) and moist environment. It is rare plant in Slovenia and can be found only on few places near Adriatic Sea shore. On Adriatic islands it is much more frequent. Ref.:(1) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 142. (2) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 166.(3) R. Domac, Flora Hrvatske (Flora of Croatia) (in Croatian), kolska Knjiga, Zagreb (1994), p 103.
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Chilly, Champagne-Ardenne, France
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close up image of Ranunculus abortivus SMALL-FLOWERED BUTTERCUP at the James Woodworth Prairie Preserve - showing a singe specimen detailing stem and leaves
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Ranunculus trichophyllus s.str. Chaix, syn.: Batrachium trichophyllum (Chaix) F. W. Schultz, Ranunculus divaricatus SchrankFamily: RanunculaceaeSubgenus: BatrachiumEN: Threadleaf Crowfoot, Thread-leaved Water Crowfoot, DE: Gewhnlicher Harrblat WasserhahnenfuSlo.: lasastolistna vodna zlaticaDat.: April 24. 2018Lat.: 45.09614 Long.: 14.49151 (WGS84)Code: Bot_1126/2018_DSC2186Habitat: Water pond in the midst of forest; flat terrain; calcareous ground; partly sunny;elevation 72 m (235 feet); average precipitations about 1.000 mm/year, average temperature 13-14 deg C, Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: West island Krk, Adriatic Sea, between villages Poljica and Turi, Kvarner bay, Croatia EC. Comment: The number of species in the genus Ranunculus - buttercups - is very large (about 600). Vast majority of them are terrestrial plants. Several are well known and common inhabitants of meadows. Yet, a small group of them (subgenus Batrachium) is living in still or slowly running waters. They are all relatively rare because their habitats are quickly disappearing because of human greed for useful land. These plants are all very variable and change their habit greatly depending on growth conditions - from floods to almost dry mud. Hence, their determination is often difficult. This find seems relatively a simple case in this respect. Plants' robust habit (from 0.5 to 3 m long stems up to 5 mm in diameter), small flowers (max 12 mm in diameter; that is significantly less than with most probable alternatives Ranunculus peltatus or Ranunculus aquatilis), petals, which are relatively narrow and do not overlap, roundish receptacle (the part of the peduncle where the flowers are born), sickle shaped nectary groves, absence of leaves floating on water surface, soft underwater leaves (they stick together and form a 'brush' when taken out of water) and the fact that floating stems are not rooting at the nodes or eventually only weakly and near their base, all this speaks in favor of Ranunculus trichophyllus.Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 280.(2) W.K. Rottensteiner, Exkursionsflora fr Istrien, Verlag des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins Krten (2014), p 791.(3) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 141. (4) (x) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 140.(5) H. Haeupler, T. Muer, Bildatlas der Farn- und Bluetenpflazen Deutschlands, Ulmer (2000), p 65.
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Lillehammer, Oppland Fylke, Norway
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2012-05-13 Vienna XXII. district, Lobau - Danube National ParkGerman name: Unheil-Hahnenfuss, Gift-Hahnenfuss
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Ranunculus chius DC, syn.: Ranunculus incrassatus Guss.Eastern Buttercup, DE: Chios HahnenfuSlo.: napihnjena zlaticaDat.: April 24. 2015Lat.: 45.06876 Long.: 14.44834Code: Bot_0867/2015_DSC5895Picture file names: from Ranunculus chius_raw_1 to Ranunculus chius_raw_5.Habitat: a small, newly established figs trees plantation; flat terrain, sunny and dry place; calcareous, skeletal ground, exposed to direct rain, elevation 80 m (260 feet), average precipitations 1.000-1.200 mm/year, average temperature 13 - 15 deg C, Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region.Substratum: Karst soil.Place: Fields on the right side of the road from Milohni village to Vela Jana harbor, west Krk island, Kvarner bay, Adriatic Sea, Croatia EC.Comment: Ranunculus chius, named after Greek island Chios, is an inconspicuous, rather small, annual buttercup plant seldom encountered. This is probably due to its mall, inconspicuous flowers, its hiddenness among other greenery in grassland and also because it is nowhere a common plant. It is a species of a Mediterranean-eastern European distribution with a rather sparse and erratic distribution. It usually grows in wet meadows and in temporary pools, from sea level to lower montane elevations. Habitat of this find is in a sharp contradiction to this. The plant is toxic due to the content of anemonine.There are many buttercups described, but Ranunculus chius is relatively easy to recognize. Not by its flowers, which may have from 3 to 5 developed petals, but by its swollen fruiting pedicels thickened toward the apex (see Fig. 1b). Its achenes are also characteristic. They are dark brown when fully developed and are densely covered by short prickles. One can see these prickles starting to develop on Fig. 2b, which shows young, not yet ripe achenes.Ref.:(1) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 143.(2) W.K. Rottensteiner, Exkursionsflora fr Istrien, Verlag des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins Krten (2014), p 798.(3)
dryades.units.it/stagnisardi_en/index.php?procedure=taxon... (accessed Jan.27. 2019)(4)
www.cretanflora.com/ranunculus_chius.html (accessed Jan.27. 2019)
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La plantas tienen tallos de hasta tres metros inmersos en el agua y unas hojas que en muchas ocasiones son consumidas por el ganado antes de florecer. Las flores llegan a cubrir por completo la superficie del agua creando un bonito tapiz, tienen cinco ptalos blancos con los centros amarillos.Por lo general se trata de cursos de agua con abundancia de nutrientes como nitrgeno y fsforo, presentes a travs del ganado que suele pastar en las cercanas y que enriquece el suelo con sus excrementos.
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Drenthe, Netherlands
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Ranunculus bulbosus L.RanunculaceaeGirul, Meranges, Baixa Cerdanya, Catalunya28-VI-10Prado ruderalizado
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Ranunculus trichophyllus s.str. Chaix, syn.: Batrachium trichophyllum (Chaix) F. W. Schultz, Ranunculus divaricatus SchrankFamily: RanunculaceaeSubgenus: BatrachiumEN: Threadleaf Crowfoot, Thread-leaved Water Crowfoot, DE: Gewhnlicher Harrblat WasserhahnenfuSlo.: lasastolistna vodna zlaticaDat.: April 24. 2018Lat.: 45.09614 Long.: 14.49151 (WGS84)Code: Bot_1126/2018_DSC2186Habitat: Water pond in the midst of forest; flat terrain; calcareous ground; partly sunny;elevation 72 m (235 feet); average precipitations about 1.000 mm/year, average temperature 13-14 deg C, Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: West island Krk, Adriatic Sea, between villages Poljica and Turi, Kvarner bay, Croatia EC. Comment: The number of species in the genus Ranunculus - buttercups - is very large (about 600). Vast majority of them are terrestrial plants. Several are well known and common inhabitants of meadows. Yet, a small group of them (subgenus Batrachium) is living in still or slowly running waters. They are all relatively rare because their habitats are quickly disappearing because of human greed for useful land. These plants are all very variable and change their habit greatly depending on growth conditions - from floods to almost dry mud. Hence, their determination is often difficult. This find seems relatively a simple case in this respect. Plants' robust habit (from 0.5 to 3 m long stems up to 5 mm in diameter), small flowers (max 12 mm in diameter; that is significantly less than with most probable alternatives Ranunculus peltatus or Ranunculus aquatilis), petals, which are relatively narrow and do not overlap, roundish receptacle (the part of the peduncle where the flowers are born), sickle shaped nectary groves, absence of leaves floating on water surface, soft underwater leaves (they stick together and form a 'brush' when taken out of water) and the fact that floating stems are not rooting at the nodes or eventually only weakly and near their base, all this speaks in favor of Ranunculus trichophyllus.Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 280.(2) W.K. Rottensteiner, Exkursionsflora fr Istrien, Verlag des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins Krten (2014), p 791.(3) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 141. (4) (x) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 140.(5) H. Haeupler, T. Muer, Bildatlas der Farn- und Bluetenpflazen Deutschlands, Ulmer (2000), p 65.