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The “gunpowder” or “Artillery plant”, a native of tropical America, is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. It is commonly cultivated in pots in gardens.
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Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 20 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Comments

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Pilea microphylla has been collected once in Tennessee and once in Michigan, but it is unlikely that the species persists so far north. It is widely grown as a houseplant in the north and a border plant in the south. It is a greenhouse weed in various parts of the flora.
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Flora of North America Vol. 3 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description

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Annual or biennial, prostrate or procumbent suberect, fleshy, glabrous herb. Leaves anisophyllous, with filiform, 2-3 mm long petiole; lamina obovate, elliptic or suborbicular, up to 10 mm long and 6 mm broad, entire, cuneate at the base, obtuse; stipules minute. Inflorescence of axillary compact, globose flower clusters. Flowers yellowish green. Sepals ovate, acute. Achenes oblong.
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Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 20 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description

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Herbs , annual or short-lived perennial, 0.3-2 dm. Stems 10-40-branched, erect. Leaf blades spatulate to obovate, paired blades unequal, the larger 3-10 × 1.5-5.5 mm, the smaller 1.5-4 × 0.7-2 mm, margins entire. Inflorescences crowded. Flowers ca. 0.5 mm across. Achenes uniformly light brown, slightly compressed, ovoid-cylindric, ca. 0.5(-1.1) × 0.3 mm, smooth.
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Flora of North America Vol. 3 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description

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Herbs weak, glabrous, monoecious. Stems erect or ascending, blue-green when dry, simple or branched, 3-17 cm tall, 1-1.5 mm in diam., succulent, cystoliths dense. Stipules persistent, triangular, ca. 0.5 mm, membranous; petiole slender, unequal in length, 1-4 mm; leaf blade abaxially pale green, adaxially green, obovate or spatulate, unequal in size, 2-7 × 1.5-3 mm, succulent, papery when dry, midvein indistinct distally, lateral veins several, indistinct, abaxial surface honeycombed, cystoliths linear, adaxial, regularly transverse, base cuneate or attenuate, margin entire, somewhat recurved, apex obtuse. Inflorescences often androgynous, compactly cymose-capitate; peduncle 1.5-6 mm, sometimes sessile; glomerules few flowered. Male flowers pedicellate, ca. 0.7 mm; perianth lobes ovate, subapically corniculate; rudimentary ovary minute, conic. Female perianth lobes subequal, oblong, longer lobe subequal to achene. Achene ovoid, ca. 0.4 mm, compressed, smooth, enclosed by persistent perianth. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Sep-Oct.
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Flora of China Vol. 5: 119 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Distribution

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Distribution: Tropical America, Africa, Asia and Eastern Europe.
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Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 20 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Distribution

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Fla., Ga., La., S.C.; Mexico; West Indies; Central America; tropical South America; Pacific Islands (Hawaii); Asia.
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Flora of North America Vol. 3 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flower/Fruit

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FI.Per.: March-August.
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Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 20 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flowering/Fruiting

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Flowering all year.
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Flora of North America Vol. 3 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Habitat

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Waste places, hammocks, rocky woods, cultivated plots, on masonry; 0-100m.
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Flora of North America Vol. 3 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Habitat & Distribution

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Commonly naturalized in S China and in greenhouses in N China [native to tropical South America].
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Flora of China Vol. 5: 119 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Synonym

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Parietaria microphylla Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1308. 1759.
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Flora of China Vol. 5: 119 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Synonym

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Parietaria microphylla Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 1308. 1759
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Flora of North America Vol. 3 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Derivation of specific name

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microphylla: small-leaved
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Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=120580
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Description

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Erect or procumbent, usually mat-forming, annual or short-lived perennial, herb, up to 30 cm. Stems slightly fleshy. Stipules up to 1 mm. Leaves of a pair very unequal in size: petiole 0.5-6 mm; lamina 1-15 × 0.5-4 mm, usually obovate, smooth and glabrous; apex rounded; margin entire. Inflorescence a small pedunculate to subsessile cymose cluster, 1-2 together in the leaf axils. Achene 0.5-0.8 mm, obovoid, brown, smooth.
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Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=120580
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Frequency

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Occasional
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Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=120580
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Worldwide distribution

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Probably native in tropical Central America, widely naturalised in subtropical and tropical areas of the world.
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Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=120580
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Pilea microphylla ( German )

provided by wikipedia DE

Pilea microphylla ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Kanonierblumen (Pilea) innerhalb der Familie Urticaceae.[1]

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Sie wird als Zierpflanze, beispielsweise gelegentlich als Bodendecker verwendet.

Beschreibung und Ökologie

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In diesem Artikel oder Abschnitt fehlen noch folgende wichtige Informationen:
Viele Merkmale sind gar nicht beschrieben
Hilf der Wikipedia, indem du sie recherchierst und

Vegetative Merkmale

Pilea microphylla ist eine ausdauernde krautige Pflanze und erreicht Wuchshöhen von bis zu 45 Zentimetern. Sie besitzt keine Brennhaare. Die Stängel sind sukkulent und brechen leicht ab. Abgebrochene Pflanzenteile wurzeln leicht wieder an.

Die gegenständig angeordneten Laubblätter sind einfach. Die hellgrüne, leicht sukkulente Blattspreite ist etwa 3 Millimeter lang.

Generative Merkmale

Die seitenständigen Blütenstände bestehen aus kleinen knäueligen Teilblütenständen. Die Samen sind mit etwa 0,3 Millimetern Durchmesser sehr klein. Dafür produzieren die Pflanzen außerordentlich viele Samen.

Die Pollen werden von den Pflanzen durch die sich plötzlich entspannenden Staubfäden aus den Staubbeuteln geschleudert. Bei Pilea microphylla wird der Pollen dabei bis zu einem Meter weit ausgeschleudert. Auch die Samen werden durch eine plötzliche Streckung der Reste der Staubblätter aus der Frucht katapultiert; daher der Gattungsname Kanonierblumen.

Chromosomenzahl

Die Chromosomenzahl beträgt 2n = 42 oder 50.[2]

 src=
Pilea microphylla in Französisch-Guayana

Verbreitung

Pilea microphylla ist in der Neotropis von den südöstlichen der Vereinigten Staaten (Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, South Carolina) über Zentralamerika und die Antillen bis nach Chile und Argentinien weitverbreitet.[1][3]

Taxonomie

Die Erstveröffentlichung unter dem Namen (Basionym) Parietaria microphylla erfolgte 1759 durch Carl von Linné. Die Neukombination zu Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. wurde 1851 durch Frederik Liebmann veröffentlicht.

Trivialnamen in anderen Sprachen

Trivialnamen sind beispielsweise: engl.: Rockweed, Artillery Plant, Gunpowder Plant, span.:[4] brilhantina Aufgrund eines angeblich farnartigen Aussehens gibt es auch den Trivialnamen "Artillery Fern".

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b Pilea microphylla im Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Abgerufen am 23. Oktober 2016.
  2. Pilea microphylla bei Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
  3. Pilea Microphylla. Conabio. Abgerufen am 23. Oktober 2016.
  4. Brilhantina – Pilea microphylla. Jardineiro. Abgerufen am 6. Februar 2013.
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Pilea microphylla: Brief Summary ( German )

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Pilea microphylla ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Kanonierblumen (Pilea) innerhalb der Familie Urticaceae.

 src= Dieser Artikel oder nachfolgende Abschnitt ist nicht hinreichend mit Belegen (beispielsweise Einzelnachweisen) ausgestattet. Angaben ohne ausreichenden Beleg könnten demnächst entfernt werden. Bitte hilf Wikipedia, indem du die Angaben recherchierst und gute Belege einfügst.

Sie wird als Zierpflanze, beispielsweise gelegentlich als Bodendecker verwendet.

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Pilea microphylla

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Pilea microphylla also known as angeloweed,[1] artillery plant, joypowder plant or (in Latin America)[2] brilhantina is an annual plant native to Florida, Mexico, the West Indies, and tropical Central and Southern America.[3][4] In the southern part of México, specifically Campeche and Mérida, the local name is Frescura. The plant belongs to the family Urticaceae.[5] It has light green, almost succulent, stems and tiny 1/8" leaves which contribute to its other nickname, "Artillery Fern", though it is not related to ferns. It is grown as a ground cover in many areas.

Propagation

Pilea microphylla can be propagated by dividing the root ball, or taking herbaceous cuttings and rooting them with rooting hormone. The plant enjoys a thorough watering after the soil has been allowed to dry, and misting has been shown to be beneficial. Direct sunlight causes the leaves to turn brown and fall off, so it prefers filtered light.

Invasive species

Pilea microphylla has been introduced to various tropical and subtropical regions around the world. It is considered an invasive species in Australia, China, Diego Garcia, the Galapagos Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Hawaii, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kiribati, Marshall islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Pitcairn Islands, Singapore, the Solomon Islands, Tonga, and Wallis and Futuna.[4]

Synonyms

References

  1. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Pilea microphylla". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  2. ^ "Brilhantina – Pilea microphylla". Jardineiro. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
  3. ^ "Pilea Microphylla". Conabio. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
  4. ^ a b "Pilea microphylla". Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER). 22 July 2010. Retrieved 2 January 2017.
  5. ^ "Pilea microphylla Brilhantina , Folha-gorda , Planta-artilheira , Beldoega". Paisajismo y Jardín. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
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Pilea microphylla: Brief Summary

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Pilea microphylla also known as angeloweed, artillery plant, joypowder plant or (in Latin America) brilhantina is an annual plant native to Florida, Mexico, the West Indies, and tropical Central and Southern America. In the southern part of México, specifically Campeche and Mérida, the local name is Frescura. The plant belongs to the family Urticaceae. It has light green, almost succulent, stems and tiny 1/8" leaves which contribute to its other nickname, "Artillery Fern", though it is not related to ferns. It is grown as a ground cover in many areas.

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Pilea microphylla ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Pilea microphylla también erróneamente conocida como 'Helecho arroz', es una planta anual originaria de Florida, México, las Indias Occidentales y América Central y del Sur tropical.[1][2]​ En la parte sur de México, específicamente Campeche y Mérida, el nombre local es Frescura.[3]​ La planta pertenece a la familia Urticaceae.[4]​ Tiene tallos de color verde claro, casi suculentos, y pequeñas hojas de 1/8 que contribuyen a su otro apodo, 'Helecho Artillería', aunque no está relacionado con los helechos. Se cultiva como cobertura vegetal en muchas áreas.

Especie invasiva

P. microphylla has sido introducida en varias regiones tropicales y subtropicales del mundo. Está considerada como especie invasiva en muchos países del mundo.[2]

Referencias

  1. «Pilea Microphylla». Conabio. Consultado el 6 February 2013.
  2. a b «Pilea microphylla». Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER). 22 July 2010. Consultado el 2 January 2017.
  3. Translated by Livio II Ceballos García, all credits goes to the cited website https://www.ecured.cu/Frescura
  4. «Pilea microphylla Brilhantina , Folha-gorda , Planta-artilheira , Beldoega.». Paisajismo y Jardín. Consultado el 6 February 2013.
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Pilea microphylla: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Pilea microphylla también erróneamente conocida como 'Helecho arroz', es una planta anual originaria de Florida, México, las Indias Occidentales y América Central y del Sur tropical.​​ En la parte sur de México, específicamente Campeche y Mérida, el nombre local es Frescura.​ La planta pertenece a la familia Urticaceae.​ Tiene tallos de color verde claro, casi suculentos, y pequeñas hojas de 1/8 que contribuyen a su otro apodo, 'Helecho Artillería', aunque no está relacionado con los helechos. Se cultiva como cobertura vegetal en muchas áreas.

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Pilea microphylla ( French )

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Pilea microphylla est une espèce de plantes herbacées de la famille des Urticaceae.

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Organes reproducteurs (macrophotographie).

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Pilea microphylla ( Portuguese )

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Pilea microphylla é uma espécie de planta com flor pertencente à família Urticaceae.

A autoridade científica da espécie é (L.) Liebm., tendo sido publicada em Kongelige Danske videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter, Naturvidenskabeli Mathematisk Afdeling 2: 296. 1851.

Portugal

Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português, nomeadamente no Arquipélago da Madeira.

Em termos de naturalidade é introduzida na região atrás indicada.

Protecção

Não se encontra protegida por legislação portuguesa ou da Comunidade Europeia.

Referências

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Pilea microphylla: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Pilea microphylla é uma espécie de planta com flor pertencente à família Urticaceae.

A autoridade científica da espécie é (L.) Liebm., tendo sido publicada em Kongelige Danske videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter, Naturvidenskabeli Mathematisk Afdeling 2: 296. 1851.

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Pilea microphylla ( Vietnamese )

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Pilea microphylla là loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Tầm ma. Loài này được (L.) Liebm. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1851.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Pilea microphylla. Truy cập ngày 13 tháng 6 năm 2013.

Liên kết ngoài


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến họ Tầm ma (Urticaceae) này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Pilea microphylla: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Pilea microphylla là loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Tầm ma. Loài này được (L.) Liebm. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1851.

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小叶冷水花 ( Chinese )

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小叶冷水花学名Pilea microphylla)是荨麻科冷水花属的植物。分布在亚洲非洲热带南美洲热带台湾以及中国大陆江西广东广西浙江福建等地,多生长在路边石缝和墙上阴湿处。

别名

透明草(岭南大学校园植物名录) 小叶冷水麻(台湾植物志)

参考文献

  • 昆明植物研究所. 小叶冷水花. 《中国高等植物数据库全库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-02-25]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05).


小作品圖示这是一篇與植物相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。
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小叶冷水花: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

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小叶冷水花(学名:Pilea microphylla)是荨麻科冷水花属的植物。分布在亚洲非洲热带南美洲热带台湾以及中国大陆江西广东广西浙江福建等地,多生长在路边石缝和墙上阴湿处。

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コゴメミズ ( Japanese )

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コゴメミズ Pilea microphylla kogomemz02.jpg
コゴメミズ(沖縄本島)
分類APG III : 植物界 Plantae 階級なし : 被子植物 Angiosperms 階級なし : 真正双子葉類 Eudicots 階級なし : コア真正双子葉類 Core eudicots 階級なし : バラ類 rosids 階級なし : 真正バラ類 I Eurosids I : バラ目 Rosales : イラクサ科 Urticaceae : ミズ属 Pilea : コゴメミズ P. microphylla 学名 Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. (1851) 和名 コゴメミズ

コゴメミズ (Pilea microphylla) は、イラクサ科の植物でごく小さな多肉質の草。日本では帰化植物で、沖縄ではごく普通に見られる。

特徴[編集]

小柄な1年性から越年性の草本[1]。多汁質の植物で、枝先は横に広がる[2]。茎は直立、または斜めに立ち、高さ5-10cm程度にしかならない。茎は無毛でやや多肉質、緑色か紫を帯び、よく枝分かれして、稜がある。葉は対生で茎に2列をなしてつく。葉は大きさに差がある。大きい葉はやや楕円形で、長さ5-6mm、葉身より短い葉柄がある。これに対生する葉は長楕円形からへら形でやや小さい。いずれにしても葉身は緑色で、縁は滑らか。葉の表では、中肋に垂直な長さ0.3mmほどの白いウジ虫状の隆起した結晶線があって、結晶線の間には鐘状体が点在する[3]。小さい葉は上記の葉の半分の大きさしかなく、節の部分に出る短枝に束になって生じる。ただし葉の大きさや葉の厚み、草質などには変異が多い。

雄花と雌花の区別があり、雌雄同株、あるいは異株。どちらの性の花もごく小さく、葉腋から出た短枝に数個ずつ生じる。花色は緑か紅色を帯びた緑で径1mm。花被片は4個で、長さは1mmに満たない[4]。雌花では花被片は卵形で先端が尖る。痩果は卵形で2稜があり、扁平で長さ0.5mm、花被片より長くて結晶線がある

分布と生育環境[編集]

原産地は南アメリカであるが、現在では世界の熱帯域に広く帰化している。沖縄には第2次世界大戦の後に帰化した。初島(1975)では鹿児島市から報告があることを記している[5]。本州での記録は1991年に東京都で、また1998年には神奈川県でも報告が出た[6]

1年草だが沖縄では通年に渡って見られる。湿った岩やコンクリートの隙間などによく出現する[7]

  •  src=

    集団を成して生えている

  •  src=

    岩の隙間から伸び出している(ハワイ)

  •  src=

    道路脇の群落(同)

近縁種など[編集]

日本にはミズ属の植物が本種以外に8種ほどあるが、大部分が葉の形がずっと大きくて普通に木の葉形で鋸歯がある。鋸歯のない小さな葉を持つものとしてはコケミズ P. peploides がある。ただしこの種は葉が卵円形で葉柄が葉身と同じくらいの長さで、茎は横に広がらないなど、外見的にはかなり異なる[8]

利害[編集]

雑草ではあるが、何しろ小型なので沖縄でも特に大きな迷惑にはなっていない。

出典[編集]

  1. ^ 以下、主として初島(1975),p.232
  2. ^ 清水編(2003),p.43
  3. ^ 清水編(2003),p.43
  4. ^ 以下、清水編(2003),p.43
  5. ^ 初島(1975),p.232
  6. ^ 清水編(2003),p.43
  7. ^ 清水(2008)p.10
  8. ^ 佐竹他(82),p.5

参考文献[編集]

  • 初島住彦 『琉球植物誌』追加・訂正版、(1975)、 沖縄生物教育研究会
  • 佐竹義輔・大井次三郎・北村四郎他『日本の野生植物 草本II 離弁花類』,(1982),平凡社
  • 清水矩宏他、『日本帰化植物写真図鑑』(改訂第5刷)、(2008)、全国農村教育協会
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コゴメミズ: Brief Summary ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語

コゴメミズ (Pilea microphylla) は、イラクサ科の植物でごく小さな多肉質の草。日本では帰化植物で、沖縄ではごく普通に見られる。

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
ウィキペディアの著者と編集者
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia 日本語