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Common Buckthorn

Rhamnus cathartica L.

Scientific Names

Preferred Names

Rhamnus cathartica L.
Species recognized by EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Rhamnus cathartica
Species recognized by Global Wood Density Database, wikipedia 中文维基百科, wikipedia русскую Википедию, wikipedia NL, wikipedia POL, wikipedia VI, wikipedia CZ, wikipedia FI, wikipedia NO, wikipedia UK, wikipedia CA, wikipedia SV, Armenia Species List, Austria Species List, Azerbaijan Species List, Australia Species List, Belgium Species List, Bulgaria Species List, Canada Species List, Czech Republic Species List, Denmark Species List, Estonia Species List, Finland Species List, France Species List, Georgia Species List, Germany Species List, Hungary Species List, Ireland Species List, Italy Species List, Lithuania Species List, Luxembourg Species List, Montenegro Species List, Norway Species List, Poland Species List, Portugal Species List, Romania Species List, Russia Species List, Serbia Species List, Slovakia Species List, Slovenia Species List, South Korea Species List, Spain Species List, Sweden Species List, Switzerland Species List, The Netherlands Species List, Ukraine Species List, United Kingdom Species List, Argentina Species List, wikipedia EU, wikipedia CY, North Atlantic Species List, Southern Ocean Species List, wikipedia AST, wikipedia AZ, wikipedia LT, wikipedia ET, wikipedia hr Croatian, wikipedia DA, wikipedia SK, wikipedia SL, wikipedia HSB, wikipedia PMS, wikipedia GA, NCBI, wikipedia emerging languages, EOL authors, TRY summarized records, United States Species List, and The US National Vegetation Classification USNVC
Rhamnus cathartica
Recognized by CalPhotos, Fire Effects Information System Plants, National Wetland Plant List USA, Global Invasive Species Database, Biopix Nature Photos, and Fire Effects Information System (USDA)
Rhamnus cathartica L.
Species recognized by EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1, EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1, GBIF classification, Plant Growth Form Data from NMNH Botany specimens, Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species, and GBIF national node type records UK
Rhamnus cathartica L.
Recognized by Inventaire National du Patrimoine Naturel and EOL staff
Rhamnus cathartica Linnaeus
Recognized by eFloras
Rhamnus catharticus
Species recognized by Pignatti, 1982
Rhamnus cathartica
Species recognized by wikidata_hierarchy tar gz, wikipedia DE, wikipedia ES, wikipedia IT, wikipedia PT, wikipedia FR, USDA PLANTS images, wikipedia EN, Wikidata Common Names, Wikipedia (inferred records), Wikimedia Commons, Barcode of Life Data Systems, Simpson et al 2020, BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK, Global Biotic Interactions, Global Biotic Interactions, and Global Biotic Interactions
Rhamnus cathartica
Recognized by Flickr Group and Flickr BHL
Rhamnus cathartica L.
Species recognized by Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023, iNaturalist, USDA Plants data, Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Hierarchy, and Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2 - Test
Rhamnus cathartica L.
Recognized by Plant Forms, Habitat and Distribution
Rhamnus cathartica var. caucasica Kusnezow 1892
Recognized by TreatmentBank

Alternative Names

Cervispina cathartica (L.) Moench
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Rhamnus cathartica var. caucasica Kusn.
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Rhamnus cathartica var. pubescens Lange
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Rhamnus elbursensis Gauba & Rech. fil.
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Rhamnus hydriensis Hacq.
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Rhamnus spinosa Gilib.
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Rhamnus sylvaticus Serres
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Rhamnus wichellii Hort. ex C. Koch
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Rhamnus wicklia Hort. ex C. Koch
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Rhamnus wihhor Luce
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Rhamnus xanthocarpa Hort. ex C. Koch
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Cervispina cathartica (L.) Moench
Synonym according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1
Rhamnus cathartica var. caucasica Kusn.
Synonym according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1
Rhamnus cathartica var. pubescens Lange
Synonym according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1
Rhamnus elbursensis Gauba & Rech. fil.
Synonym according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1
Rhamnus hydriensis Hacq.
Synonym according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1
Rhamnus spinosa Gilib.
Synonym according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1
Rhamnus sylvaticus Serres
Synonym according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1
Rhamnus wichellii Hort. ex C. Koch
Synonym according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1
Rhamnus wicklia Hort. ex C. Koch
Synonym according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1
Rhamnus wihhor Luce
Synonym according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1
Rhamnus xanthocarpa Hort. ex C. Koch
Synonym according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1
Cervispina cathartica (L.) Moench
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2 - Test
Cervispina cathartica (L.) Moench
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Rhamnus alpina var. hydriensis (Hacq.) Schult.
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Rhamnus cadevallii Pau
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Rhamnus cathartica f. cadevallii (Pau ex Cadevall) Rivas Mart.
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Rhamnus cathartica f. montana (Brügger) Braun-Blanq.
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Rhamnus cathartica f. pubescens (Lange) Rivas Mart.
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Rhamnus cathartica proles
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Rhamnus cathartica subsp. hydriensis (Hacq.) Nyman
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Rhamnus cathartica var. caucasica Kusn.
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2 - Test
Rhamnus cathartica var. caucasica Kusn.
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Rhamnus cathartica var. hydriensis (Hacq.) DC.
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Rhamnus cathartica var. hydriensis (Hacq.) P. Fourn.
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Rhamnus cathartica var. inermis Timb.-Lagr.
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Rhamnus cathartica var. microphylla Beck
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Rhamnus cathartica var. pubescens Lange
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2 - Test
Rhamnus cathartica var. pubescens Lange
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Rhamnus cathartica var. pubescens Wirtg.
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Rhamnus cathartica var. pumila Berdau
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Rhamnus cathartica var. repens Hartm.
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Rhamnus cathartica var. silvatica (J. Serres) St.-Lag.
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Rhamnus cathartica var. sylvatica (J. Serres) Nyman
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Rhamnus elbursensis Gauba & Rech. fil.
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2 - Test
Rhamnus elbursensis Gauba & Rech. fil.
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Rhamnus hydriensis Hacq.
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2 - Test
Rhamnus hydriensis Hacq.
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Rhamnus inermis Münchh.
Ambiguous synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Rhamnus spinosa Gilib.
Ambiguous synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Rhamnus spinosa Gilib.
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2 - Test
Rhamnus sylvatica J. Serres
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Rhamnus sylvaticus Serres
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2 - Test
Rhamnus uninervis Dulac
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Rhamnus wichellii Hort. ex C. Koch
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2 - Test
Rhamnus wichellii K. Koch
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Rhamnus wicklia Hort. ex C. Koch
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2 - Test
Rhamnus wicklia K. Koch
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Rhamnus wihhor Luce
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2 - Test
Rhamnus wihhor Lucé
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Rhamnus willdenowiana Schult.
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023
Rhamnus xanthocarpa Hort. ex C. Koch
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2 - Test
Rhamnus xanthocarpa K. Koch
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023

Common Names

English

nonnative buckthorns: common buckthorn; European buckthorn
prefer
Recognized by Fire Effects Information System Plants
buckthorn
prefer
Recognized by admin
common buckthorn preferred
Recognized by USDA PLANTS images, Wikidata Common Names, and admin
European Buckthorn
prefer
Recognized by National Wetland Plant List USA
purging buckthorn
prefer
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names
Common buckthorn
prefer
Recognized by Simpson et al 2020

Arabic

سدر مسهل preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Armenian

Դժնիկ լուծողական preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Asturian

sangreru negru preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Azerbaijani

İşlədici murdarça preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Basque

Hesilahar preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Belarusian

Жасцёр слабіцельны preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Catalan; Valencian

Espina vera preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Chinese

药鼠李 preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names
药鼠李实
prefer
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Chuvash

Хура катăркас preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Croatian

Pasjakovina preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Czech

řešetlák počistivý preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Danish

Vrietorn preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Dutch; Flemish

Wegedoorn preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names and admin
wegedoorn
prefer
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Erzya

Бизнега чувто preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Estonian

Harilik türnpuu preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Finnish

Orapaatsama preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names and admin
orapaatsama
prefer
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

French

Nerprun purgatif preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names and admin
nerprun purgatif
prefer
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

German

Kreuzdorn
prefer
Recognized by admin
Gemeiner Kreuzdorn preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names
Purgier-Kreuzdorn preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Hungarian

varjútövis preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Italian

Spinocervino
prefer
Recognized by Pignatti, 1982
Spino cervino preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Kabardian Circassian

Бгырыпхиӏэ preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Kashubian

Zwëczajny szatlach preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Kurdish

Gijok preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Lithuanian

Dygioji šunobelė preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Lower Sorbian

Pšawy gokowc preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Luxembourgish; Letzeburgesch

Dräidar preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Macedonian

Горчлив дрен preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Manx

Bugogue preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Norwegian

Geitved preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Ossetian; Ossetic

Саусындз preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Persian

اشنگور preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Polish

szakłak pospolity preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Russian

Крушина слабительная preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Serbian

Паздрен preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Slovak

rešetliak prečisťujúci preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Spanish; Castilian

Cervispina
prefer
Recognized by admin
Espino cerval preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names
Čistilna kozja češnja preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Swedish

Getapel preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Tajik

Ангурак preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Turkish

Adi cehri preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Ukrainian

Жостір проносний preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Upper Sorbian

Prawy hokowc preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Welsh

Rhafnwydden Rhafnwydd preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Arz

نبق مسهل preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

En Gb

Buckthorn preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Ku Arab

گژۆک preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Ku Latn

Gijok preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Sgs

Šonuobelė preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Tg Latn

Angurak preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Zh Hans

药鼠李 preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names
show 47 more languages
hide 47 languages

Curated hierarchies for Rhamnus cathartica L.

EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022

Life
Cellular Organisms
Eukaryota
Archaeplastida
Chloroplastida
Streptophyta
Embryophytes
Tracheophyta
Spermatophytes
Angiosperms
Eudicots
Superrosids
Rosids
Rosales
Rhamnaceae
Rhamnus
Rhamnus cathartica L. (this page)
Rhamnus arguta Maxim.
Rhamnus arnottiana Gardn. ex Thw.
Rhamnus aurea Heppeler
Rhamnus baldschuanica Grubov
Rhamnus bermejoi P. Fraga & Rosselló
Rhamnus bodinieri H. Léveillé
Rhamnus brachypoda C. Y. Wu
Rhamnus calcicola Hatusima
Rhamnus calderoniae R. Fernández Nava
Rhamnus cordata Medwedew
Rhamnus coriophylla Hand.-Mazz.
Rhamnus costata Maxim.
Rhamnus dahuricus Pall.
Rhamnus dalianensis S. Y. Li & Z. H. Ning
Rhamnus diamantiaca Nakai
Rhamnus diffusus Clos
Rhamnus dispermus Ehrenb. ex Boiss.
Rhamnus dolichophylla Gontsch.
Rhamnus dumetorum C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus esquirolii Lév.
Rhamnus flavescens Y. L. Chen & P. K. Chou
Rhamnus formosana Matsum.
Rhamnus fulvotincta Metcalf
Rhamnus glandulosa Ait.
Rhamnus globosa Bunge
Rhamnus grandiflora C. Y. Wu
Rhamnus grubovii I. M. Turner
Rhamnus hainanensis Merr. & Chun
Rhamnus hemsleyana C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus hirtellus Boiss.
Rhamnus hupehensis C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus hybrida L'Her.
Rhamnus infectoria L.
Rhamnus integrifolia DC.
Rhamnus intermedia Steudel & Hochst.
Rhamnus ishidae Miyabe & Kudo
Rhamnus iteinophylla C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus jacobi-salvadorii O. Bolos & Vigo
Rhamnus japonica Maxim.
Rhamnus kayacikii Davis & Yalt.
Rhamnus koraiensis C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus kurdicus Boiss. & Hohen.
Rhamnus lamprophylla C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus laoshanensis D. K. Zang
Rhamnus ledermannii Lauterb.
Rhamnus leptacantha C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus leptophylla C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus liboensis Y. F. Deng
Rhamnus liukiuensis (E. H. Wilson) Koidz.
Rhamnus lojaconoi F. M. Raimondo
Rhamnus ludovici-salvatoris Chodat
Rhamnus lycioides L.
Rhamnus maximovicziana Ja. Vassiliev
Rhamnus mildbraedii Engl.
Rhamnus minnanensis K. M. Li
Rhamnus mollis Merr.
Rhamnus mongolica Y. Z. Zhao & L. Q. Zhao
Rhamnus myrtifolia Willk.
Rhamnus nakaharae (Hayata) Hayata
Rhamnus nigricans Hand.-Mazz.
Rhamnus oleoides L.
Rhamnus orbiculata Bornm.
Rhamnus pallasii Fisch. & C. A. Mey.
Rhamnus papuana Lauterb.
Rhamnus parvifolia Bunge
Rhamnus pentapomica R. N. Parker
Rhamnus persicifolia Moris
Rhamnus petiolaris Boiss.
Rhamnus philippinensis C. B. Rob.
Rhamnus pichleri Schneid. & Bornm. ex Bornm.
Rhamnus pissjaukovae O. A. Popova
Rhamnus prostrata Jacq.
Rhamnus pulogensis Merr.
Rhamnus punctatus Boiss.
Rhamnus purandharensis M. M. Bhandari & A. K. Bhansali
Rhamnus pyrellus O. Schwarz
Rhamnus qianweiensis Z. Y. Zhu
Rhamnus rosthornii E. Pritz.
Rhamnus rugulosa Hemsl.
Rhamnus schneideri H. Lév. & Vaniot
Rhamnus seravschanica (Kom.) R. V. Kamelin
Rhamnus serpyllacea Greuter & Burdet
Rhamnus spathulifolia Fisch. & Mey.
Rhamnus spathulifolius Fisch. & C. A. Mey.
Rhamnus subapetala Merr.
Rhamnus sumatrensis Ridl.
Rhamnus sumbawana Lauterb.
Rhamnus taquetii (H. Lév. & Vaniot) H. Lév.
Rhamnus thymifolius Bornm.
Rhamnus triqueter (Wall.) Lawson
Rhamnus tzekweiensis Y. L. Chen & P. K. Chou
Rhamnus ussuriensis J. J. Vassil.
Rhamnus velutina Boiss.
Rhamnus virgata Roxb.
Rhamnus wightii Wight & Arn.
Rhamnus wilsonii C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus woloszczakii Karpati
Rhamnus wumingensis Y. L. Chen & P. K. Chou
Rhamnus xizangensis Y. L. Chen & P. K. Chou
Rhamnus yoshinoi Makino
34 additional siblings truncated for brevity.
See the resource file for a full list.

Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023

Biota
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Rosales Bercht. & J. Presl
Rhamnaceae Juss.
Rhamnus L.
Rhamnus cathartica L. (this page)
Rhamnus alaternus L.
Rhamnus arguta Maxim.
Rhamnus arnottiana Gardner ex Thwaites
Rhamnus aurea Heppeler
Rhamnus baldschuanica Grubov
Rhamnus bodinieri H. Lév.
Rhamnus brachypoda C. Y. Wu
Rhamnus bungeana J. J. Vassil.
Rhamnus calderoniae R. Fern.
Rhamnus collettii Bhandari & Bhansali
Rhamnus cordata Medw.
Rhamnus coriophylla Hand.-Mazz.
Rhamnus costata Maxim.
Rhamnus crenulata Aiton
Rhamnus dalianensis S. Y. Li & Z. H. Ning
Rhamnus daliensis G. S. Fan & L. L. Deng
Rhamnus disperma Ehrenb. ex Boiss.
Rhamnus dumetorum C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus erythroxyloides Hoffmanns.
Rhamnus flavescens Y. L. Chen & P. K. Chou
Rhamnus formosana Matsum.
Rhamnus fulvotincta F. P. Metcalf
Rhamnus gilgiana Heppeler
Rhamnus glandulosa Aiton
Rhamnus globosa Bunge
Rhamnus grandiflora C. Y. Wu
Rhamnus grubovii I. M. Turner
Rhamnus hainanensis Merr. & Chun
Rhamnus hemsleyana C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus heterophylla Oliv.
Rhamnus hirtella Boiss.
Rhamnus hupehensis C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus infectoria L.
Rhamnus integrifolia DC.
Rhamnus ishidae Miyabe & Kudô
Rhamnus iteinophylla C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus japonica Maxim.
Rhamnus javanica Miq.
Rhamnus kanagusukii Makino
Rhamnus kayacikii Davis & Yalt.
Rhamnus koraiensis C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus kurdica Boiss. & Hohen.
Rhamnus lamprophylla C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus laoshanensis D. K. Zang
Rhamnus leptacantha C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus leptophylla C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus liboensis Y. F. Deng
Rhamnus liukiuensis (E. H. Wilson) Koidz.
Rhamnus lojaconoi Raimondo
Rhamnus lycioides L.
Rhamnus maximovicziana J. J. Vassil.
Rhamnus mildbraedii Engl.
Rhamnus minnanensis K. M. Li
Rhamnus mollis Merr.
Rhamnus mongolica Y. Z. Zhao & L. Q. Zhao
Rhamnus myrtifolia Willk.
Rhamnus nakaharae (Hayata) Hayata
Rhamnus nigrescens Lauterb.
Rhamnus nigricans Hand.-Mazz.
Rhamnus ninglangensis Y. L. Chen
Rhamnus nitida Davis
Rhamnus oleoides L.
Rhamnus orbiculata Bornm.
Rhamnus papuana Lauterb.
Rhamnus parvifolia Bunge
Rhamnus pentapomica R. Parker
Rhamnus persica Boiss.
Rhamnus persicifolia Moris
Rhamnus petiolaris Boiss. & Balansa
Rhamnus philippinensis C. B. Rob.
Rhamnus pichleri C. K. Schneid. & Bornm. ex Bornm.
Rhamnus prinoides L'Hér.
Rhamnus procumbens Edgew.
Rhamnus prostrata Jacq.
Rhamnus pulogensis Merr.
Rhamnus punctata Boiss.
Rhamnus rugulosa Hemsl.
Rhamnus sargentiana C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus saxatilis Jacq.
Rhamnus schlechteri Lauterb.
Rhamnus seravschanica (Kom.) Kamelin
Rhamnus serpyllacea Greuter & Burdet
Rhamnus songorica Gontsch.
Rhamnus staddo A. Rich.
Rhamnus sumatrensis Ridl.
Rhamnus sumbawana Lauterb.
Rhamnus tangutica J. Vassil.
Rhamnus taquetii (H. Lév. & Vaniot) H. Lév.
Rhamnus thymifolia Bornm.
Rhamnus tonkinensis Pit.
Rhamnus tortuosa Sommier & Levier
Rhamnus triquetra (Wall.) M. A. Lawson
Rhamnus tzekweiensis Y. L. Chen & P. K. Chou
Rhamnus utilis Decne.
Rhamnus velutina Boiss.
Rhamnus virgata Roxb.
Rhamnus wightii Wight & Arn.
Rhamnus wilsonii C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus × bermejoi P. Fraga & Rosselló
Rhamnus × calcicola Hatus.
29 additional siblings truncated for brevity.
See the resource file for a full list.

Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2 - Test

Life
Cellular Organisms
Eukaryota
Archaeplastida
Chloroplastida
Streptophyta
Embryophytes
Tracheophyta
Spermatophytes
Angiosperms
Eudicots
Superrosids
Rosids
Rosales
Rhamnaceae
Rhamnus
Rhamnus cathartica L. (this page)
Rhamnus arguta Maxim.
Rhamnus arnottiana Gardn. ex Thw.
Rhamnus aurea Heppeler
Rhamnus baldschuanica Grubov
Rhamnus bermejoi P. Fraga & Rosselló
Rhamnus bodinieri H. Léveillé
Rhamnus brachypoda C. Y. Wu
Rhamnus calcicola Hatusima
Rhamnus calderoniae R. Fernández Nava
Rhamnus cordata Medwedew
Rhamnus coriophylla Hand.-Mazz.
Rhamnus costata Maxim.
Rhamnus dahuricus Pall.
Rhamnus dalianensis S. Y. Li & Z. H. Ning
Rhamnus diamantiaca Nakai
Rhamnus diffusus Clos
Rhamnus dispermus Ehrenb. ex Boiss.
Rhamnus dolichophylla Gontsch.
Rhamnus dumetorum C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus esquirolii Lév.
Rhamnus flavescens Y. L. Chen & P. K. Chou
Rhamnus formosana Matsum.
Rhamnus fulvotincta Metcalf
Rhamnus glandulosa Ait.
Rhamnus globosa Bunge
Rhamnus grandiflora C. Y. Wu
Rhamnus grubovii I. M. Turner
Rhamnus hainanensis Merr. & Chun
Rhamnus hemsleyana C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus hirtellus Boiss.
Rhamnus hupehensis C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus hybrida L'Her.
Rhamnus infectoria L.
Rhamnus integrifolia DC.
Rhamnus intermedia Steudel & Hochst.
Rhamnus ishidae Miyabe & Kudo
Rhamnus iteinophylla C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus jacobi-salvadorii O. Bolos & Vigo
Rhamnus japonica Maxim.
Rhamnus kayacikii Davis & Yalt.
Rhamnus koraiensis C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus kurdicus Boiss. & Hohen.
Rhamnus lamprophylla C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus laoshanensis D. K. Zang
Rhamnus ledermannii Lauterb.
Rhamnus leptacantha C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus leptophylla C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus liboensis Y. F. Deng
Rhamnus liukiuensis (E. H. Wilson) Koidz.
Rhamnus lojaconoi F. M. Raimondo
Rhamnus ludovici-salvatoris Chodat
Rhamnus lycioides L.
Rhamnus maximovicziana Ja. Vassiliev
Rhamnus mildbraedii Engl.
Rhamnus minnanensis K. M. Li
Rhamnus mollis Merr.
Rhamnus mongolica Y. Z. Zhao & L. Q. Zhao
Rhamnus myrtifolia Willk.
Rhamnus nakaharae (Hayata) Hayata
Rhamnus nigricans Hand.-Mazz.
Rhamnus oleoides L.
Rhamnus orbiculata Bornm.
Rhamnus pallasii Fisch. & C. A. Mey.
Rhamnus papuana Lauterb.
Rhamnus parvifolia Bunge
Rhamnus pentapomica R. N. Parker
Rhamnus persicifolia Moris
Rhamnus petiolaris Boiss.
Rhamnus philippinensis C. B. Rob.
Rhamnus pichleri Schneid. & Bornm. ex Bornm.
Rhamnus pissjaukovae O. A. Popova
Rhamnus prostrata Jacq.
Rhamnus pulogensis Merr.
Rhamnus punctatus Boiss.
Rhamnus purandharensis M. M. Bhandari & A. K. Bhansali
Rhamnus pyrellus O. Schwarz
Rhamnus qianweiensis Z. Y. Zhu
Rhamnus rosthornii E. Pritz.
Rhamnus rugulosa Hemsl.
Rhamnus schneideri H. Lév. & Vaniot
Rhamnus seravschanica (Kom.) R. V. Kamelin
Rhamnus serpyllacea Greuter & Burdet
Rhamnus spathulifolia Fisch. & Mey.
Rhamnus spathulifolius Fisch. & C. A. Mey.
Rhamnus subapetala Merr.
Rhamnus sumatrensis Ridl.
Rhamnus sumbawana Lauterb.
Rhamnus taquetii (H. Lév. & Vaniot) H. Lév.
Rhamnus thymifolius Bornm.
Rhamnus triqueter (Wall.) Lawson
Rhamnus tzekweiensis Y. L. Chen & P. K. Chou
Rhamnus ussuriensis J. J. Vassil.
Rhamnus velutina Boiss.
Rhamnus virgata Roxb.
Rhamnus wightii Wight & Arn.
Rhamnus wilsonii C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus woloszczakii Karpati
Rhamnus wumingensis Y. L. Chen & P. K. Chou
Rhamnus xizangensis Y. L. Chen & P. K. Chou
Rhamnus yoshinoi Makino
31 additional siblings truncated for brevity.
See the resource file for a full list.

EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1

Life
Cellular Organisms
Eukaryota
Archaeplastida
Chloroplastida
Streptophyta
Embryophytes
Tracheophyta
Spermatophytes
Angiosperms
Eudicots
Superrosids
Rosids
Rosales
Rhamnaceae
Rhamnus
Rhamnus cathartica L. (this page)
Rhamnus arguta Maxim.
Rhamnus arnottiana Gardn. ex Thw.
Rhamnus aurea Heppeler
Rhamnus baldschuanica Grubov
Rhamnus bermejoi P. Fraga & Rosselló
Rhamnus bodinieri H. Léveillé
Rhamnus brachypoda C. Y. Wu
Rhamnus calcicola Hatusima
Rhamnus calderoniae R. Fernández Nava
Rhamnus cordata Medwedew
Rhamnus coriophylla Hand.-Mazz.
Rhamnus costata Maxim.
Rhamnus dahuricus Pall.
Rhamnus dalianensis S. Y. Li & Z. H. Ning
Rhamnus diamantiaca Nakai
Rhamnus diffusus Clos
Rhamnus dispermus Ehrenb. ex Boiss.
Rhamnus dolichophylla Gontsch.
Rhamnus dumetorum C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus esquirolii Lév.
Rhamnus flavescens Y. L. Chen & P. K. Chou
Rhamnus formosana Matsum.
Rhamnus fulvotincta Metcalf
Rhamnus glandulosa Ait.
Rhamnus globosa Bunge
Rhamnus grandiflora C. Y. Wu
Rhamnus grubovii I. M. Turner
Rhamnus hainanensis Merr. & Chun
Rhamnus hemsleyana C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus hirtellus Boiss.
Rhamnus hupehensis C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus hybrida L'Hér.
Rhamnus infectoria L.
Rhamnus integrifolia DC.
Rhamnus intermedia Steudel & Hochst.
Rhamnus ishidae Miyabe & Kudô
Rhamnus iteinophylla C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus jacobi-salvadorii O. Bolos & Vigo
Rhamnus japonica Maxim.
Rhamnus kayacikii Davis & Yalt.
Rhamnus koraiensis C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus kurdicus Boiss. & Hohen.
Rhamnus lamprophylla C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus laoshanensis D. K. Zang
Rhamnus ledermannii Lauterb.
Rhamnus leptacantha C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus leptophylla C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus liboensis Y. F. Deng
Rhamnus liukiuensis (E. H. Wilson) Koidz.
Rhamnus lojaconoi F. M. Raimondo
Rhamnus ludovici-salvatoris Chodat
Rhamnus lycioides L.
Rhamnus maximovicziana Ja. Vassiliev
Rhamnus mildbraedii Engl.
Rhamnus minnanensis K. M. Li
Rhamnus mollis Merr.
Rhamnus mongolica Y. Z. Zhao & L. Q. Zhao
Rhamnus myrtifolia Willk.
Rhamnus nakaharae (Hayata) Hayata
Rhamnus nigricans Hand.-Mazz.
Rhamnus oleoides L.
Rhamnus orbiculata Bornm.
Rhamnus pallasii Fisch. & C. A. Mey.
Rhamnus papuana Lauterb.
Rhamnus parvifolia Bunge
Rhamnus pentapomica R. N. Parker
Rhamnus persicifolia Moris
Rhamnus petiolaris Boiss.
Rhamnus philippinensis C. B. Rob.
Rhamnus pichleri Schneid. & Bornm. ex Bornm.
Rhamnus pissjaukovae O. A. Popova
Rhamnus prostrata Jacq.
Rhamnus pulogensis Merr.
Rhamnus punctatus Boiss.
Rhamnus purandharensis M. M. Bhandari & A. K. Bhansali
Rhamnus pyrellus O. Schwarz
Rhamnus qianweiensis Z. Y. Zhu
Rhamnus rosthornii E. Pritz.
Rhamnus rugulosa Hemsl.
Rhamnus schneideri H. Lév. & Vaniot
Rhamnus seravschanica (Kom.) R. V. Kamelin
Rhamnus serpyllacea Greuter & Burdet
Rhamnus spathulifolia Fisch. & Mey.
Rhamnus spathulifolius Fisch. & C. A. Mey.
Rhamnus subapetala Merr.
Rhamnus sumatrensis Ridl.
Rhamnus sumbawana Lauterb.
Rhamnus taquetii (H. Lév. & Vaniot) H. Lév.
Rhamnus thymifolius Bornm.
Rhamnus triqueter (Wall.) Lawson
Rhamnus tzekweiensis Y. L. Chen & P. K. Chou
Rhamnus ussuriensis J. J. Vassil.
Rhamnus velutina Boiss.
Rhamnus virgata Roxb.
Rhamnus wightii Wight & Arn.
Rhamnus wilsonii C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus woloszczakii Karpati
Rhamnus wumingensis Y. L. Chen & P. K. Chou
Rhamnus xizangensis Y. L. Chen & P. K. Chou
Rhamnus yoshinoi Makino
34 additional siblings truncated for brevity.
See the resource file for a full list.

GBIF classification

Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Rosales
Rhamnaceae
Rhamnus L.
Rhamnus cathartica L. (this page)
Rhamnus cathartica subsp. cathartica
Rhamnus cathartica subsp. kayacikii Yalt.
Rhamnus arguta Maxim.
Rhamnus arnottiana Gardn. ex Thwaites
Rhamnus aurea Heppeler
Rhamnus baldschuanica Grubov
Rhamnus bermejoi P. Fraga & Rosselló
Rhamnus brachypoda C. Y. Wu
Rhamnus bungeana Ja. Vassiliev
Rhamnus calcicola Hatus.
Rhamnus calderoniae R. Fernández
Rhamnus collettii Bhandari & Bhansali
Rhamnus colmeiroi D. Rivera, Obón & Selma
Rhamnus cordata Medwedew
Rhamnus coriophylla Hand.-Mazz.
Rhamnus costata Maxim.
Rhamnus crenulata Ait.
Rhamnus dahuricus Pall.
Rhamnus dalianensis S. Y. Li & Z. H. Ning
Rhamnus daliensis G. S. Fan & L. L. Deng
Rhamnus davurica Pall.
Rhamnus dechenii
Rhamnus diamantiaca Nakai
Rhamnus dolichophylla Gontsch.
Rhamnus dumetorum C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus flavescens Y. L. Chen & P. K. Chou
Rhamnus formosana Matsum.
Rhamnus gilgiana Heppeler
Rhamnus glandulosa Ait.
Rhamnus grandiflora C. Y. Wu
Rhamnus hainanensis Merr. & Chun
Rhamnus heterophylla Oliv.
Rhamnus hupehensis C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus hybrida L'Hér.
Rhamnus infectoria L.
Rhamnus integrifolia DC.
Rhamnus intermedia Steud. & Hochst.
Rhamnus iteinophylla C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus jacobi-salvadorii O. Bolòs & Vigo
Rhamnus japonica Maxim.
Rhamnus javanica Miq.
Rhamnus kanagusukii Makino
Rhamnus kayacikii Yaltirik & P. H. Davis
Rhamnus koraiensis C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus kwangsiensis Y. L. Chen & P. K. Chou
Rhamnus lamprophylla C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus laoshanensis D. K. Zang
Rhamnus ledermannii Lauterb.
Rhamnus leptacantha C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus leptophylla C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus lojaconoi Raimondo
Rhamnus ludovici-salvatoris Chodat
Rhamnus mildbraedii Engl.
Rhamnus minnanensis K. M. Li
Rhamnus mollis Merr.
Rhamnus mongolica Y. Z. Zhao & L. Q. Zhao
Rhamnus myrtifolia Willk.
Rhamnus napalensis (Wall.) M. A. Lawson
Rhamnus nigrescens Lauterb.
Rhamnus nigricans Hand.-Mazz.
Rhamnus ninglangensis Y. L. Chen
Rhamnus orbiculata Bornm.
Rhamnus papuana Lauterb.
Rhamnus pentapomica R. Parker
Rhamnus persica Boiss.
Rhamnus persicifolia Moris
Rhamnus petiolaris Boiss. & Balansa
Rhamnus philippinensis C. B. Rob.
Rhamnus pichleri C. K. Schneid. & Bornm. ex Bornm.
Rhamnus pissjaukovae O. A. Popova
Rhamnus prinoides L'Hér.
Rhamnus procumbens Edgew.
Rhamnus prostrata Jacquem.
Rhamnus psilocarpa Maguire & Steyerm.
Rhamnus pulogensis Merr.
Rhamnus purandharensis Bhandari & Bhansali
Rhamnus pyrellus O. Schwarz
Rhamnus qianweiensis Z. Y. Zhu
Rhamnus rectinervis Heer
Rhamnus rosei M. C. Johnst. & L. A. Johnston
Rhamnus sargentiana C. K. Schneid.
Rhamnus schlechteri Lauterb.
Rhamnus schneideri H. Lév. & Vaniot
Rhamnus seravschanica (Kom.) Kamelin
Rhamnus serpyllacea Greuter & Burdet
Rhamnus sipapoensis Steyerm.
Rhamnus songorica Gontsch.
Rhamnus staddo A. Rich.
Rhamnus subapetala Merr.
Rhamnus sumatrensis Ridl.
Rhamnus sumbawana Lauterb.
Rhamnus tangutica Ja. Vassiliev
Rhamnus tonkinensis Pit.
Rhamnus tzekweiensis Y. L. Chen & P. K. Chou
Rhamnus ussuriensis J. J. Vassil.
Rhamnus utilis Decne.
Rhamnus velutina Boiss.
Rhamnus wightii Wight & Arn.
Rhamnus woloszczakii Kárpáti
Rhamnus wumingensis Y. L. Chen & P. K. Chou
Rhamnus xizangensis Y. L. Chen & P. K. Chou
Rhamnus yoshinoi Makino
93 additional siblings truncated for brevity.
See the resource file for a full list.

Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Hierarchy

Plantae
Viridiplantae
Streptophyta
Embryophyta
Tracheophyta
Spermatophytina
Magnoliopsida
Rosanae
Rosales
Rhamnaceae
Rhamnus L.
Rhamnus cathartica L. (this page)
Rhamnus alaternus L.
Rhamnus alnifolia L'Hér.
Rhamnus arguta Maxim.
Rhamnus betulifolia Greene
Rhamnus blumeri Greene
Rhamnus californica Eschsch.
Rhamnus caroliniana Walter
Rhamnus crocea Nutt.
Rhamnus davurica Pall.
Rhamnus frangula L.
Rhamnus globosa Bunge
Rhamnus ilicifolia Kellogg
Rhamnus japonica Maxim.
Rhamnus lanceolata Pursh
Rhamnus libanotica Boiss.
Rhamnus lycioides L.
Rhamnus petiolaris Boiss.
Rhamnus pirifolia Greene
Rhamnus purshiana DC.
Rhamnus rubra Greene
Rhamnus saxatilis Jacq.
Rhamnus serrata Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult.
Rhamnus smithii Greene
Rhamnus sphaerosperma Sw.
Rhamnus utilis Decne.
Rhamnus × spathulifolia Fisch. & C. A. Mey.

NCBI

root
cellular organisms
Eukaryota
Viridiplantae
Streptophyta
Streptophytina
Embryophyta
Tracheophyta
Euphyllophyta
Spermatophyta
Magnoliopsida
Mesangiospermae
eudicotyledons
Gunneridae
Pentapetalae
rosids
fabids
Rosales
Rhamnaceae
Rhamneae
Rhamnus
Rhamnus cathartica (this page)
Rhamnus alaternus
Rhamnus arguta
Rhamnus aurea
Rhamnus bodinieri
Rhamnus costata
Rhamnus crenata
Rhamnus crenulata
Rhamnus davurica
Rhamnus diamantiaca
Rhamnus disperma
Rhamnus dumetorum
Rhamnus erythroxylon
Rhamnus esquirolii
Rhamnus flavescens
Rhamnus formosana
Rhamnus gilgiana
Rhamnus glandulosa
Rhamnus globosa
Rhamnus heldreichii
Rhamnus hemsleyana
Rhamnus heterophylla
Rhamnus hirtella
Rhamnus integrifolia
Rhamnus iranica
Rhamnus iteinophylla
Rhamnus japonica
Rhamnus kanagusukii
Rhamnus koraiensis
Rhamnus kurdica
Rhamnus lamprophylla
Rhamnus leptophylla
Rhamnus libanotica
Rhamnus liukiuensis
Rhamnus lojaconoi
Rhamnus ludovici-salvatoris
Rhamnus lycioides
Rhamnus minuta
Rhamnus nakaharae
Rhamnus nigricans
Rhamnus oleoides
Rhamnus palaestina
Rhamnus pallasii
Rhamnus papuana
Rhamnus parvifolia
Rhamnus pendula
Rhamnus pentapomica
Rhamnus persica
Rhamnus pilushanensis
Rhamnus pompana
Rhamnus prinoides
Rhamnus procumbens
Rhamnus prostrata
Rhamnus pulogensis
Rhamnus punctata
Rhamnus purpurea
Rhamnus rhodopea
Rhamnus rugulosa
Rhamnus sargentiana
Rhamnus saxatilis
Rhamnus songorica
Rhamnus spathulifolia
Rhamnus sphaerosperma
Rhamnus staddo
Rhamnus subapetala
Rhamnus tangutica
Rhamnus taquetii
Rhamnus tinctoria
Rhamnus triquetra
Rhamnus ussuriensis
Rhamnus utilis
Rhamnus virgata
Rhamnus wilsonii
Rhamnus xizangensis
Rhamnus yoshinoi
unclassified Rhamnus

wikidata_hierarchy tar gz

Biota
Eukaryota
Plantae
Viridiplantae
Embryophyta
Tracheophyta
Spermatophytina
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliopsida
Rosidae
Rhamnales
Rhamnaceae
Rhamnus
Rhamnus cathartica (this page)
Rhamnus atlantica
Rhamnus aurea
Rhamnus bodinieri
Rhamnus brachypoda
Rhamnus breedlovei
Rhamnus bungeana
Rhamnus calcicola
Rhamnus citrifolia
Rhamnus coriophylla
Rhamnus crenata
Rhamnus dalianensis
Rhamnus daliensis
Rhamnus depressa
Rhamnus diamantiaca
Rhamnus dumetorum
Rhamnus erythroxylum
Rhamnus esquirolii
Rhamnus flavescens
Rhamnus formosana
Rhamnus frangula
Rhamnus fulvotincta
Rhamnus gilgiana
Rhamnus globosa
Rhamnus grandiflora
Rhamnus hainanensis
Rhamnus hemsleyana
Rhamnus henryi
Rhamnus heterophylla
Rhamnus hintonii
Rhamnus humboldtiana
Rhamnus hupehensis
Rhamnus imeretina
Rhamnus iteinophylla
Rhamnus japonica
Rhamnus kanagusukui
Rhamnus koraiensis
Rhamnus kurdica
Rhamnus kwangsiensis
Rhamnus lamprophylla
Rhamnus laoshanensis
Rhamnus leptacantha
Rhamnus leptophylla
Rhamnus liukiuensis
Rhamnus longipes
Rhamnus longistyla
Rhamnus longpipes
Rhamnus ludovici-salvatoris
Rhamnus lycioides
Rhamnus marahuacensis
Rhamnus maximovicziana
Rhamnus mcvaughii
Rhamnus microcarpa
Rhamnus nakaharae
Rhamnus nakaharai
Rhamnus napalensis
Rhamnus neblinensis
Rhamnus nigricans
Rhamnus ninglangensis
Rhamnus oenoplia
Rhamnus pallasii
Rhamnus parvifolia
Rhamnus persicifolia
Rhamnus pilushanensis
Rhamnus pompana
Rhamnus pringlei
Rhamnus procumbens
Rhamnus prostrata
Rhamnus prunifolia
Rhamnus psilocarpa
Rhamnus pumila
Rhamnus punctatus
Rhamnus rhododendriphylla
Rhamnus rhodopea
Rhamnus rosei
Rhamnus rosthornii
Rhamnus rugulosa
Rhamnus sargentiana
Rhamnus saxatilis
Rhamnus schneideri
Rhamnus scopulorum
Rhamnus serpyllifolia
Rhamnus serrata
Rhamnus sharpii
Rhamnus sibthorpiana
Rhamnus sintenisii
Rhamnus sipapoensis
Rhamnus songorica
Rhamnus standleyana
Rhamnus subapetala
Rhamnus tangutica
Rhamnus tortuosa
Rhamnus triquetra
Rhamnus tzekweiensis
Rhamnus ussuriensis
Rhamnus utilis
Rhamnus virgata
Rhamnus wilsonii
Rhamnus wumingensis
Rhamnus xizangensis
Rhamnus yoshinoi
203 additional siblings truncated for brevity.
See the resource file for a full list.
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