Avian Malaria

Plasmodium relictum

are endoparasites of

• Global Biotic Interactions: Sylvia borin (Boddaert 1783) (Garden Warbler)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Phylloscopus trochilus (Linnaeus 1758) (Willow Warbler)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Erithacus rubecula (Linnaeus 1758) (robin, european robin)

are pathogens of

• Global Biotic Interactions: Culex quinquefasciatus Say 1823 (Southern House Mosquito)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Culex pipiens Linnaeus 1758 (Northern house mosquito)

have host

• Global Biotic Interactions: Himatione sanguinea (Gmelin & JF 1788) (Apapane)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Spheniscus magellanicus (Forster & JR 1781) (Magellanic Penguin)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Serinus canaria (Linnaeus 1758) (Atlantic Canary)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Grus nigricollis Przewalski 1876 (Black-necked Crane)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Sialia mexicana Swainson 1832 (Western Bluebird)

parasitize

• Global Biotic Interactions: Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis
• Global Biotic Interactions: Zosterops japonicus Temminck & Schlegel 1847 (Japanese White-eye)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Carpodacus mexicanus
• Global Biotic Interactions: Loxia curvirostra Linnaeus 1758 (Common Crossbill)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Alauda arvensis Linnaeus 1758 (Eurasian Skylark)