Pupa Röding 1798

Pupa is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Acteonidae.^[1]

The genus is named Pupa because the shell of these snails resemble an insect pupa in overall shape. The animal has a large headshield with a deep median slit, separating it into two posteriorly projecting lobes.

Species

A shell of Pupa affinis

According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), the following species are included within the genus Pupa:^[2]

• Pupa affinis (Adams, 1854)
  • Distribution : South Africa, Red Sea, Indo-Pacific
  • Length : 11–20 mm
  • Description : cream-colored shell with horizontal spiraled patterns (dark brown, light brown or greenish) without dark borders; sharp apex
• Pupa alveola (Souverbie, 1863)
  • Distribution : Indo-Pacific
• Pupa coccinata Reeve, 1842 (considered by some to be a color form of Pupa strigosa)
  • Distribution : Japan, tropical Indo-West Pacific
  • Length : 25 mm
  • Description : headshield flaps cover the opening of the mantle cavity; white-colored with many orange-red spots in spiraling bands
• Pupa davisi Kilburn, 1975
  • Distribution: South Africa
  • Length : 12.5 mm
  • Description : cream-colored shell with sharp apex.
• Pupa hyalina Verco, 1907
• Pupa niecaensis Barnard, 1963
• Pupa nitulida (Lamarck, 1816) Smooth pink pupa
• Pupa pascuana Raines, 2002
• Pupa pudica (Adams, 1854)
  • Distribution: Hawaii
  • Length : 7 mm
  • Description : pink-colored elongate shell, with spiral bands of lightbrown patterns.
• † Pupa reticulata (Martin, 1884)
• Pupa sekii Habe, 1958
• Pupa sinica Lin, 1989
• Pupa solidula Linnaeus, 1758 Solid pupa
• Pupa strigosa (Gould, 1859)
• Pupa sulcata (Gmelin, 1791) Furrowed pupa
  • Distribution : cosmopolitan, tropical Indo-Pacific, Kermadec Islands, Japan
  • Length : 10–25 mm
  • Description : intertidal and up to depths of 30 m, burrowing in the sand; lightbrown shell with horizontal darker bands, where the darkest parts form a vertical band; sharp apex
• Pupa suturalis (Adams, 1854)
  • Distribution : Indo-Pacific
• Pupa tessellata (Reeve, 1842)
• Pupa tragulata Iredale, 1936

Species brought into synonymy

• Pupa (Rictaxiella) Habe, 1958: synonym of Rictaxiella Habe, 1958
• Pupa alba (Hutton, 1873): synonym of Abida bigerrensis (Moquin-Tandon, 1856)
• Pupa amodesta Mighels, 1845: synonym of Pronesopupa amodesta (Mighels, 1845) (original combination)
• Pupa bourguignati Deshayes, 1863 (original combination): synonym of Gonospira bourguignati (Deshayes, 1863)
• Pupa bryanti L. Pfeiffer, 1867: synonym of Cerion rubicundum (Menke, 1829) (junior synonym)
• Pupa choshiensis (Habe, 1958): synonym of Rictaxiella choshiensis Habe, 1958
• Pupa cinerea Draparnaud, 1801: synonym of Solatopupa similis (Bruguière, 1792)
• Pupa crassilabris G. B. Sowerby II, 1875: synonym of Cerion striatellum (Guerin-Méneville, 1829)
• Pupa daedalea Deshayes, 1851: synonym of Plagiodontes daedaleus (Deshayes, 1851)
• Pupa detrita L. Pfeiffer, 1854: synonym of Cerion incanum (Leidy, 1851)
• Pupa flammea (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Maxacteon flammeus (Bruguière, 1789)
• Pupa fusus L. Pfeiffer, 1848: synonym of Gonospira palanga (Lesson, 1831)
• Pupa gibba R. T. Lowe, 1852: synonym of Leiostyla gibba (R. T. Lowe, 1852) (original combination)
• Pupa grisebla Röding, 1798: synonym of Pupa solidula (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Pupa incana Leidy, 1851>: synonym of Cerion incanum (Leidy, 1851)
• Pupa incrassata G. B. Sowerby II, 1878: synonym of Cerion incrassatum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1878) (original combination)
• Pupa intersecta Deshayes, 1863: synonym of Gonospira bourguignati (Deshayes, 1863)
• Pupa kirki (Hutton, 1873): synonym of Pupa affinis (A. Adams, 1855)
• Pupa nivea (Angas, 1871) synonym of Pupa affinis (A. Adams, 1855)
• Pupa novoseelandica L. Pfeiffer, 1853: synonym of Phenacharopa novoseelandica (L. Pfeiffer, 1853)
• Pupa palanga Lesson, 1831: synonym of Gonospira palanga (Lesson, 1831)
• Pupa pusilla Des Moulins, 1835: synonym of Chondrina bigorriensis (Des Moulins, 1835)
• Pupa roseomaculata Iredale, 1936: synonym of Pupa solidula (Linnaeus, 1758)
• † Pupa starboroughensis L. C. King, 1934 : synonym of † Crenilabium starboroughense (L. C. King, 1934)
• Pupa thaanumi Pilsbry, 1917: synonym of Pupa affinis (Adams, 1854)
• Pupa turrita Anton, 1839: synonym of Clessinia striata (Spix, 1827) (junior synonym)
• Pupa umbilicata Draparnaud, 1801: synonym of Lauria cylindracea (da Costa, 1778)
• Pupa uvula Deshayes, 1863: synonym of Gonospira uvula (Deshayes, 1863) (original combination)
• Pupa vermiculosa Morelet, 1860: synonym of Leiostyla vermiculosa (Morelet, 1860) (original combination)
• Pupa versipolis L. Pfeiffer, 1841: synonym of Gonospira versipolis (L. Pfeiffer, 1841)

Taxa inquirenda (use in recent literature currently undocumented)

• Pupa dormeyeri G. B. Sowerby II, 1878
• Pupa gracilis G. B. Sowerby I, 1834
• Pupa maugeri G. B. Sowerby I, 1834
• Pupa ringens G. B. Sowerby II, 1878
• Pupa zebra G. B. Sowerby II, 1875

The database Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database (OBIS) also includes the following names in current use :^[3]

• Pupa acuta
• Pupa fraterculus
• Pupa insculpta

• Pupa clathrata Yokoyama, 1922
  • Distribution : Japan

Pupa fumata

• Pupa fumata Gould, 1859 Brown Pupa
  • Distribution : tropical, Western Australia, Indo-Pacific
  • Length : 20 mm
  • Description : shell with spiral ribs; patterns of brown or gray spots on a cream-colored background; whorls separated by a white narrow band.

References

• Higo, S., Callomon, P. & Goto, Y. (1999) Catalogue and Bibliography of the Marine Shell-Bearing Mollusca of Japan. Elle Scientific Publications, Yao, Japan, 749 pp.