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Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy
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Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy
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Reticularia splendens var. jurana (Meyl.) Kowalski, syn.: Enteridium juranum (Meyl.) Mornand, Enteridium splendens var. juranum (Meyl.) Hrk., Reticularia jurana Meyl., Reticularia lycoperdon var. jurana (Meyl.) G. ListerE: no name, DE: no nameSlo.: no nameLat.: 46.35884 Long.: 13.69819Dat.: Oct. 21. 2016Code: Bot_1021/2016_DSC5937Habitat: pasture, at the edge of the mixed forest, Fagus sylvatica, Ostrya carpinifolia and Picea abies dominant trees; moderately inclined slope at the foot of mountains, south east aspect; colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; mostly sunny place; relatively warm and dry place; exposed to direct rain, average precipitation ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 615 m (2.020 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: dead, thick, partly decorticated branch of Ostrya carpinifolia laying on ground; fund on top side of it; wood still firm, hard to cut; in its initial state of disintegration.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa; pasture west of Strgulc abandoned farm house, Soa 47, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Three aethaila found in a circle of about 0.4 m diameter. This myxomicete can be recognized by its vividly pink (not yet mature) aethalia, white hypothallus, characteristic spores, which are distinctly reticulate only on about 2/3 of their surface and persistent pseudocapillitium consisting of membranous perforated plates and threads. Reticularia splendens var. jurana can be distinguished from Reticularia splendens var. splendens by smaller size of aethalia and flaccid cortex.To my knowledge this is the second or third find of this species in Slovenia and the first one in the Julian Alps. Spores coarsely reticulated on about 2/3 of their surface and minutely warted (barely seen with my equipment) on the rest of it; globose to subglobose. Dimensions (without reticule and warts): 6,3 [7 ; 7,2] 7,8 x 6,1 [6,8 ; 7] 7,6 microns; Q = 1 [1,0] 1,1; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7,1 x 6,9 microns; Qe = 1. Reticule > 1 micron high. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x and NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (pseudocapillitium); fresh material; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Spores were taken from the centre of the second aethalium (Fig. 5, larger one) by soft brush.Ref.:(1) B. Ing, The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland,The Richmond Publ. Co.Ltd, (1999), p 89 (2) S.L.Stephenson and H.Stempen, Myxomycetes, Timber Press Inc.(2000), p 122(3) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.1., p 318; Vol.2. p 52.(4)
www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/572530 (5)
www.zdravgozd.si/bi_karta_sre.aspx?idorg=d0561d66-42d2-4f...
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Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy
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Fuligo septica var. flava (Pers.) Morgan, syn.: Mucor septicus L., Aethalium flavum (Pers) LinkFlowers of Tan, DE: Gelbe LohblteSlo.: reslov cvet, rumeni razliekDat.: Sept. 05. 2014Lat.: 46.35965 Long.: 13.70116Code: Bot_832/2014_DSC3621Habitat: mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant, moderately southeast inclined mountain slope, shallow, skeletal calcareous ground, old overgrown slope and moraine scree with larger rocks and boulders, in shade, relatively warm place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitation ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, elevation 600 m (1.970 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: debarked trunk of Picea abies lying on ground in its late disintegration stage.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, next to the trail from Trenta 2b cottage to abandoned farmhouse 'Strgulc', East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Fuligo septica is probably the most common and widely known Myxomicete. The latest monograph on Myxomycetes I have (Ref.:1) describes six varieties of this species, which differ mostly in cortex structure (single versus double layered) and color of different parts of sporocarp and plasmodium. Fuligo septica var. flava should have vivid yellow aethalia, yellow inner lime and yellow plasmodium. Two days before I took these pictures I had seen the plasmodium, which was in a form of vividly yellow colored patch of densely packed small half-spheres. The rest of traits of Fuligo septica var. flava also fit well to my observation.Spores minutely warty, globose to subglobose. Dimensions: 8 [8,4 ; 8,7] 9,1 x 7,4 [8 ; 8,2] 8,7 microns; Q = [1 ; 1,07] 1,1; N = 25; C = 95%; Me = 8,5 x 8,1 microns; Qe = 1,1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (capillitium, calcareous granules); in water; live material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.1: p390, Vol.2: (2) B. Ing, The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland, The Richmond Publ. Co.Ltd, (1999), p 246. (3) S.L.Stephenson and H.Stempen, Myxomycetes, Timber Press Inc.(2000), p 123.
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Lycogala epidendrum (L.) Fr.Wolf's Milk, Groening's Slime, DE: BlutmilchpilzSlo.: razbarvana grahovkaDat.: Nov. 9. 2017Lat.: 46.36014 Long.: 13.70435Code: Bot_1096/2017_DSC9621Picture file names: from Lycogala-epidendrum_raw_20 to Lycogala-epidendrum_raw_24.Habitat: mountain pasture; slightly inclined terrain, southeast aspect; colluvial/glacial, calcareous ground; full sun, dry place; elevation 575 m (1.900 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: a pile of partly rotten stump of Picea abies, mostly still in bark.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; near Trenta 2 farm house, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Average diameter of seven aethalia found was somewhat small (AVG = 4.5 mm, SD = 0.6 mm) compared to data from literature (the smallest had only 2.2 mm in diameter); however all other macroscopic traits fit well to Lycogala epidendrum species descriptions. Microscopically spore dimensions, their shape and reticulated surface, all fit to this species. Also pseudocapillitium diameter, its surface with conspicuous transverse faults and its club shaped free ends fit well. Spore mass grayish with pink tint. Spores reticulated, globose to subglobose. Dimensions: (6,7) 7 - 7,5 (7,9) x (6,5) 6,8 - 7,3 (7,5) microns; Q = 1 - 1,06 (1,1); N = 35; Me = 7,3 x 7,1 microns; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (pseudocapillitium), NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (pseudocapillitium); in water; fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) B. Ing, The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland,The Richmond Publ. Co.Ltd, (1999), p 91. (2) S.L.Stephenson and H.Stempen, Myxomycetes, Timber Press Inc.(2000), p 135. (3) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.1., p 321; Vol.2. p 75. (4) S. Behri, Raznolikost Pravih Sluzavk (Myxomycetes) v okolici Mengea, (in Slovene) (True Slime Molds (Myxomicetes) Diversity in Vicinity of Menge) (in Slovene), Graduation Thesis, University Studies, University in Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Biology department (2015), p 74. Baumann - H. Marx, Die Myxomyceten Deutschlands und des angrenzenden Alpenraumes unter besonderen Bercksichtigung sterreichs, Vol.1., Karlheinz Baumann Verlag, (1993, 1995, 2000), p 135.
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In Spring on Mt. Elphinstone, British Columbia. Stemonitidaceae Famly
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Arcyria obvelata, syn.: Arcyria nutans (Bull) GrevCapillitium threds at magnification 1000x.Dat.: Sept. 26. 2013Lat.: 46.36151Long.: 13.70434Code: Bot_753/2013_DSC8059Habitat: Overgrown former grassland; dominant trees Ailanthus altissima, Fraxinus ornus, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Juglans regia, Tilia sp., Prunus domestica; next to an abandoned farmhouse; flat terrain, calcareous ground; full shade, quite humid and relatively warm place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitation ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 590 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: vertical surface of dead, still standing trunk of Juglans regia partly still in bark fully covered by a Polyporaceae, probably Inonotus sp.; about 1 m (three feet) above ground, northeast oriented surface of the trunk.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, near abandoned homestead 'Koc', Trenta 3, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: Long, hanging and very shortly stipitate sporocarps distinguish this species from others in Myxomycetes genus Arcyria. Sporocarps 8 - 13 mm long, about 1 mm diameter, flexible. Stalk very short, hard to observe, almost sessile sporocarps; sporocarps ocher-yellow, oac848; SP abundant, ocher-yellow, oac 856.Spores subglobose and almost smooth, scattered warts hardly visible with my equipment. Dimensions: 8.7 (SD = 0.3) x 8.3 (SD = 0,2) , Q = 1.05 (SD = 0.02), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, (picture of spores and capillitium threads). Bausch & Lomb 4/0.10, magnification 40x, in water (picture of capillitium). AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) B. Ing, The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland, The Richmond Publ. Co.Ltd, (1999), p 113. (2)
www.bcrc.firdi.org.tw/fungi/fungal_detail.jsp?id=FU200802...(3) http//hiddenforest.co.nz/slime/family/arcyriaceae/arcyr03.htm
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Zaragoza: Aragn (Espaa)Reino: ProtozoaFilo: MycetozoaClase: MyxomycetesOrden: PhysaralesFamilia: Physaraceae
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Didymium squamulosum (Alb. & Schwein.) Fr., Syn.: Cionium squamulosum (Alb. & Schwein.) Spreng., Diderma squamulosum Alb. & Schwein., Didymium effusum Link, Physarum effusum Link.Family: DidymiaceaeEN: no vernacular name found, DE: no vernacular name foundSlo.: no vernacular name foundDat.: Oct. 30. 2020Lat.: 46.360322 Long.: 13.702932Code: Bot_1344/2020_DSC1440Habitat: Former pasture partly overgrown with tall herb, bushes and scattered trees; slightly inclined terrain, southeast aspect; calcareous, skeletal, colluvial ground; open, sunny place; exposed to direct precipitations, average precipitation ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 600 m (1.970 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: bark of a dead trunk of Juglans regia in its initial disintegration stage laying on ground, partly sitting on Collema sp. (probably Collema crispum = Blennothallia crispa) thallus.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; near Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Habit and presence of lime crystals speak almost certainly in favor of the genus Didymium. Dimensions of spores inclined me toward Didymium melanospermum (Pers.) T. Macbr. at first. However, other traits, particularly furrowed stalks, whitish stalk color (should be bark to black) and presence of lime in them (it should be absent), changed my initial supposition in favor to similar Didymium squamulosum (Alb. & Schwein.) Fr. in spite of the fact that measured spore dimensions doesn't fit so nicely to the second option. Another discrepancy of the find (related to booth species) is the fact that vast majority of the sporocarps appeared sessile, while they should normally be distinctly stalked and only rarely 'sessile'. According to literature Didymium squamulosum is considered a very variable species and apparently sessile sporocarps are found occasionally too, so they may not be a severe argument against this determination.Description: Sporocarps up to 1.1 mm tall, most of them seemingly sessile having rudimentary stalks hidden in strongly umbicilate sporocysts below; only a few distinctly stalked; sporocysts sub-globose or oblate, 0.6-1 mm in diameter, when wet bluish-gray, half dry pale-gray, when dry white; with simple, membranous, colorless to light-yellowish, translucent peridium covered by a thick layer of crystalline lime; crystals usually larger than spores; (hypo)columella present, flattened, perimeter about 1/3 or slightly less of the sporocysts perimeter; white to beige, light brownish (best seen in transparent light); capillitium thin, scantily branched with rare, small nodular swellings; attached to peridium. Stalks short, mostly hidden; some distinct but not longer than 2/3 of sporocysts diameter, longitudinally striate, No confluent plasmodial form observed at the site of stalk attachment to substrate.To our knowledge, up to present three observations of this rare (or overlooked) species in Slovenia have been described up to now (Ref.:5, Ref.:6 and Ref.:7). Microscopy: Spores densely warted (< 0.5m high warts), globose to sub-globose dark brown to black on mass (dry); dimensions: (10,5)10,8 - 12(12,6) (9,9)10,4 - 11,5(11,9) m; Q = 1 - 1,1; N = 21; Me = 11,4 10,9 m; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores, capillitium), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (lime crystals, stalk), NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (capillitium); in water; fresh and dried material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Columella, stalk and capillitium also: Sony ILCE6000 on trino-stereomicroscope Novex RZ, Holland.Ref.:(1) H. Neubert, W. Nowotny, K. Baumann - H. Marx, Die Myxomyceten Deutschlands und des angrenzenden Alpenraumes unter besonderen Bercksichtigung sterreichs, Vol., 2., Karlheinz Baumann Verlag, (1995), p 129 (D. melanospermum p 117).(2) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.1., p 463 (D. melanospermum 466).(2b) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.2. p 383.(3)
sarahlloydmyxos.wordpress.com/identification/#jp-carousel... (accessed Dec. 01. 2020)(4)
digitalcommons.mtu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1218&a... , p3-2-25 (accessed Dec. 01. 2020)(5) S. Behri, Raznolikost Pravih Sluzavk v okolici Mengea, (in Slovene) (True Slime Molds (Myxomicetes) Diversity in Vicinity of Menge) (in Slovene), Graduation Thesis, University Studies, University in Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Biology department (2015).(6) N. Ogris (ed), Boletus informaticus, Slovenian Forestry Institute
www.zdravgozd.si/bi_index.aspx (accessed Dec. 12. 2020)(7) Voss W. Mycologia Carniolica: ein Beitrag zur Pilzkunde des Alpenlandes (1892), Berlin, R. Friedlander & Sohn, Camera: Sony ILCE6000 on trinocular stereomicroscope Novex RZ, Holland
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Stemonitis lignicola Nann.-Bremek, syn.: Stemonitis splendens MorenoSlo.: no name.Dat.: July 06. 2016Lat.: 46.36002 Long.: 13.70436Code: Bot_984/2016_DSC3464Habitat: grassy yard of a farmhouse, open place; almost flat terrain, calcareous, skeletal ground; partly in shade; partly protected from direct rain by the trough, average precipitation ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 570 m (1.870 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: eleven years old, handmade wooden water trough (Larix decidua wood), standing on four thin wooden legs; wood still (almost) intact, the trough still capable to hold water.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, next to Trenta 2, Skokar (abandoned) farm house, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Spore dimensions and type of surface, size and color of the sporocarps, small meshed, persistent peridial net, sparsely branched internal capillitium with extensions, wavy columella toward its end, columella reaching the apex of the sporocarps, as well as habitus and substratum fit well to the description of Stemonitis lignicola in the literature. Sporocarps 8.2-8.5 mm high, stalks 2- 2.1 mm long. Spore print abundant, dark brown. What I am curious is, did the whole development process of this myxomicete from start to the end take place on the water trough (which is most of the time dry and standing in free air), or did this thing really climb up one of the thin trough's legs in the form of plasmodium before building sporocarps?Spores evenly, densely and minutely warty (verruculose); globose to subglobose. Dimensions: 6,8 [7,2; 7,4] 7,8 x 6 [6,6 ; 6,8] 7,3 microns; Q = 1 [1,1] 1,2; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7,3 x 6,7 microns; Qe = 1,1. Taken from dried material by gently tapping sporocarps. Outer net (peridium) mesh dimensions: 7.5 [19.3 ; 23.2] 35 x 7 [15.3 ; 18] 26.3 microns; Q = 0.8 [1.2 ; 1.4] 1.8; N = 50; C = 95%; Me = 21.2 x 16.7 microns; Qe = 1.3. The largest meshes haven't been taken into account; assuming they are the consequence of damages during microscopy. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), in water; NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (capillitium extensions), NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (stalk); Bausch & Lomb, 4x/0.10, magnification 40x (peridium, capillitium), in air without cover glass. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) B. Ing, The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland,The Richmond Publ. Co.Ltd, (1999), p 203. (2) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.1., p 541. (3) M. Poulain, M. Meyer, J. Borronet, Les Myxomycetes, FMBDS (2011), Vol.2., p 538. (4) Personal communication with Mr. Marko Sovre, owner of the water trough, who showed me the find.
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Zaragoza: Aragn (Espaa)Pinares de Torrero (pino carrasco -Pinus halepensis-) repoblado.Division: MyxomycotaFamilia: TubiferaceaeIdentificado en biodiversidadvirtual
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Lower Normandy, France
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image courtesy of Dr. William F. Loomis
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Hyperamoeba (hype-err-a-me-ba) a genus of flagellates with only a couple of species, very similar to the unicellular forms of the myxomycete slime moulds - with which it probably has affinities. Flagellated cells with one or two flagella, if two, one long one short. One long flagellum evident in this image. The cell body is clearly amoeboid. May also have an anterior projection. Phase contrast.
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Arcyria cinerea.
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Lepidoderma tigrinum.
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This is an image of multiple sporocarps from which most of the spores have been shed.
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Hårup Sande, Silkeborg, Jylland, Danmark
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Suserup Skov, Danmark
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Allindelille Fredskov, Denmark
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Lille Øksø, Rold Skov, Jylland, Danmark
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Store Øksø, Rold Skov