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Virginia Iris

Iris virginica L.

Comments

provided by eFloras
Plants of Iris virginica from the southeastern and south-central states having stems 2–3-branched and seldom falling to the ground after flowering, and with capsules long-cylindric have been recognized as var. shrevei.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 26: 374, 388, 390 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description

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Rhizomes many-branched, forming dense clumps, 2–4 cm diam., usually covered with remnants of old leaves; roots fleshy. Stems rather weak, often falling over after flowering, solid, usually 1-branched, 5–10 dm. Leaves: basal erect or often flexible, blade gray-green to bright green, buff to purplish basally, with several prominent ribs in mature leaves, linear-ensiform, 6–8 dm × 2.5–3 cm, apex acute. Inflorescence units 2–3-flowered, branch units 1–2-flowered; spathes compact, often with brown striations, ridged, unequal, outer 3–8 cm, inner 8–14 cm, firm, herbaceous. Flowers: perianth lavender to violet, rarely white; floral tube constricted above ovary, 1–2 cm; sepals spreading and arched, pale blue to purple with darker blue or purple lines, obovate to oval, 4–8.4 × 1.6–4 cm, base abruptly attenuate, claw green in median, bordered by yellow ground with blue or purple lines, yellow extending onto base of limb as finely pubescent signal patch; petals oblong-lanceolate to oblong-spatulate, 3–7 × 1–3 cm, claw greenish yellow with blue or purplish lines, apex often emarginate; ovary trigonal, 1.3–3.8 cm; style inwardly auriculate at convergences, 3–4.5 cm, crests reflexed, 0.7–2 cm; stigmas unlobed, with prominent triangular tongues, margins entire; pedicel 2.5–8 cm. Capsules ovoid, ellipsoid, or long-cylindric, trigonal or polygonal in cross section, 3–6 × 1–2 cm. Seeds in 2 rows per locule, pale brown, usually D-shaped, 5–8 mm, pitted, corky. 2n = 70, 72.
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 26: 374, 388, 390 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
project
eFloras.org
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eFloras

Habitat & Distribution

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Flowering May--Jun. Wetlands, margins of lakes and streams; Ont., Que.; Ala., Ark., D.C., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Md., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Nebr., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va., W.Va., Wis.
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 26: 374, 388, 390 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
project
eFloras.org
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eFloras

Synonym

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Iris caroliniana S. Watson; I. georgiana Britton; I. shrevei Small; I. virginica var. shrevei (Small) E. S. Anderson
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 26: 374, 388, 390 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
project
eFloras.org
original
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eFloras

Iris virginica

provided by wikipedia EN

Iris virginica, with the common name Virginia blueflag,[3] Virginia iris, great blue flag, or southern blue flag,[4] is a perennial species of flowering plant in the Iridaceae (iris) family, native to central and eastern North America.

It was identified as a separate species by Edgar Anderson, and is one of the three Iris species in Anderson's Iris flower data set, used by Ronald Fisher in his 1936 paper "The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems" as an example of linear discriminant analysis.[5][6]

Description

Iris virginica is a perennial plant that grows up to 0.6–0.9 m (2–3 ft) tall. The plant's sword-shaped basal leaves are erect or sometimes arching and measure up to 91 cm (3 ft) long and 2.5 cm (1 in) across at the base. The leaves have smooth margins and are bluish green to green and glabrous. Unbranched or sparingly branched flowering stalks rise from the basal leaves to a height of up to 0.6–0.9 m (2–3 ft). Small, alternate leaves are located on the stalks, with 1 to 2 flowers emerging from the axil of each of these leaves on pedicels that are 3–13 cm (1–5 in) long.[7]

The flowers, which bloom May to July, are blue to blue-violet and are a typical iris shape. Each flower has 3 drooping sepals, called "falls", that have white marks and yellow near the throat, and 3 upright petals, called "standards". Flowers measure 3–13 cm (1–5 in) across.[8][9]

Distribution and habitat

Iris virginica is native in the United States from Nebraska to the west, Florida and Texas to the south, New York to the east, and the Canadian border to the north. In Canada, it is native in Ontario and Quebec.[3] It grows in wet areas, sometimes in shallow water, including marshes, wet meadows, swamps, river bottoms, sloughs, ditches, bottomland prairies, edges of sinkhole ponds, and in shallow water.[10]

Uses

The Cherokee use this medicinal plant for traditional medicinal uses. The root is pounded into a paste that is used as a salve for the skin. An infusion made from the root is used to treat ailments of the liver, and a decoction of the root is used to treat "yellowish urine".[11][12]

It may be one of the Iris species used by the Seminole to treat "shock following alligator-bite".[13]

Iris virginica is one of three iris species in Ronald Fisher's Iris flower data set.

References

  1. ^ Maiz-Tome, L. (2016). "Iris virginica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T64315090A67729761. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T64315090A67729761.en. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  2. ^ "Iris virginica". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 13 April 2015 – via The Plant List. Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
  3. ^ a b "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org.
  4. ^ "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin". www.wildflower.org.
  5. ^ R. A. Fisher (1936). "The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems" (PDF). Annals of Eugenics. 7 (2): 179–188. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1936.tb02137.x. hdl:2440/15227. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-04-12. Retrieved 2015-08-30.
  6. ^ Kleinman, Kim (1999). "His Own Synthesis: Corn, Edgar Anderson, and Evolutionary Theory in the 1940s". Journal of the History of Biology. 32 (2): 293–320. ISSN 0022-5010. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  7. ^ "Blue Flag Iris (Iris virginica shrevei)". www.illinoiswildflowers.info.
  8. ^ "Iris virginica (Southern Blueflag): Minnesota Wildflowers". www.minnesotawildflowers.info.
  9. ^ "Iris virginica (Southern Blue Flag Iris) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox". plants.ces.ncsu.edu.
  10. ^ "Southern Blue Flag (Virginia Iris)". Missouri Department of Conservation.
  11. ^ The University of Michigan at Dearborn: Native American Ethnobotany of Iris virginica
  12. ^ Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 41)
  13. ^ "USDA Plants Database". plants.usda.gov.

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wikipedia EN

Iris virginica: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Iris virginica, with the common name Virginia blueflag, Virginia iris, great blue flag, or southern blue flag, is a perennial species of flowering plant in the Iridaceae (iris) family, native to central and eastern North America.

It was identified as a separate species by Edgar Anderson, and is one of the three Iris species in Anderson's Iris flower data set, used by Ronald Fisher in his 1936 paper "The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems" as an example of linear discriminant analysis.

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Iris virginica ( Spanish; Castilian )

provided by wikipedia ES

Iris virginica, con el nombre común de iris de Virginia, es una especie perenne de planta con flores, nativa del este de América del Norte.

Es común a lo largo de la llanura costera desde Florida hasta Georgia en el sureste de los Estados Unidos.

Es una de las tres especies de Iris en el conjunto de datos de flores de iris descrito por Ronald Fisher en su artículo de 1936 "El uso de mediciones múltiples en problemas taxonómicos" como un ejemplo de análisis discriminante lineal.[1]

Descripción

Iris virginica es una planta perenne. La planta tiene de 2 a 4 hojas erectas o arqueadas, de color verde brillante, en forma de lanza que se aplanan en un plano en la base. Las hojas miden 1–3 cm. De ancho y algunas veces son más largas que el tallo de la flor. Las raíces carnosas (1–2 cm) son rizomas que se propagan bajo tierra. Las semillas de color marrón pálido y de forma variable nacen en cápsulas de fruta de tres partes (3–6 cm de largo, 1–2 cm de ancho).[2]

Las flores ligeramente fragantes (4 cm de largo, 7 cm de ancho) consisten en 3 sépalos horizontales, o "caídas", y 3 pétalos erectos. Los pétalos y los sépalos pueden variar en color de violeta oscuro a blanco rosado. Los sépalos tienen un toque de amarillo a amarillo-naranja en la cresta. Cada planta tiene de 2 a 6 flores que florecen de abril a mayo en un tallo alto, erecto, de 30–90 cm de altura. El tallo a veces es ramificado y tiene un ligero aspecto en zigzag.

Usos

Los cheroqui (Cherokee) utilizan esta planta para fines de medicina tradicional. La raíz se convierte en una pasta que se utiliza como ungüento para la piel. Una infusión hecha de la raíz se usa para tratar dolencias del hígado, y una decocción de la raíz se usa para tratar la "orina de color amarillento".[3][4]

Puede ser una de las especies de iris utilizadas por la Seminole para tratar el "shock después de la mordedura de cocodrilo".

Referencias

  1. R. A. Fisher (1936). «The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems». Annals of Eugenics 7 (2): 179-188. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1936.tb02137.x.
  2. Missouri Botanical Garden: Iris virginica
  3. University of Michigan at Dearborn: Native American Ethnobotany of Iris virginica
  4. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey 1975 Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co. (p. 41)

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wikipedia ES

Iris virginica: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

provided by wikipedia ES

Iris virginica, con el nombre común de iris de Virginia, es una especie perenne de planta con flores, nativa del este de América del Norte.

Es común a lo largo de la llanura costera desde Florida hasta Georgia en el sureste de los Estados Unidos.

Es una de las tres especies de Iris en el conjunto de datos de flores de iris descrito por Ronald Fisher en su artículo de 1936 "El uso de mediciones múltiples en problemas taxonómicos" como un ejemplo de análisis discriminante lineal.​

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Iris virginica ( Vietnamese )

provided by wikipedia VI

Iris virginica là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Diên vĩ. Loài này được Carl von Linné miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1753.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Iris virginica. Truy cập ngày 25 tháng 6 năm 2013.

Liên kết ngoài


Bài viết liên quan đến phân họ diên vĩ Iridoideae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Iris virginica: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

provided by wikipedia VI

Iris virginica là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Diên vĩ. Loài này được Carl von Linné miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1753.

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Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
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wikipedia VI