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California Barrel Cactus

Ferocactus cylindraceus (Engelm.) Orcutt

Comments

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The name Ferocactus acanthodes has been widely applied to this species but was based on a small plant of unknown origin (and the original specimen lost), and is therefore ambiguous (N. P. Taylor 1979).

The vernacular name "compass barrel" is sometimes misapplied to Ferocactus cylindraceus , which grows straight up in its old age, instead of leaning as would F. wislizeni.

The varieties recognized by L. D. Benson (1982) are not consistently distinguishable.

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Description

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Stems straight, erect or nearly so (or leaning), cylindric, (20-)45-150(-300) × (20-)25-40(-50) cm; ribs (18-)21-31, shallowly notched immediately above each areole. Spines 12-32 per areole, central spines and larger radial spines whitish, yellow, pink, dull red, or brown; smallest spines per areole slender, sometimes bristlelike, less than 1 mm diam. (rarely absent); central spines 4 per areole, major rigid central spines surrounded by weaker subcentral spines; principal central spine moderately curved, sometimes twisted, usually not strongly hooked except on relatively young plants, annulate, adaxial surface usually flat or even concave, 36-140[-170] × 2-4.5 mm. Flowers maroon outside, yellow inside, 3-6 × 4-6 cm; inner tepals commonly yellow, (rarely with reddish midstripes, very rarely orange to red with a darker red midstripes); stigma lobes yellow (to red). Fruits ± readily dehiscent through basal pore, bright yellow (very rarely reddish), 30-40(-50) × 15-20 mm, leathery or fleshy, locule dry, hollow except for seeds. Seeds (1.5-)2-3 mm, pitted. 2n = 22.
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Distribution

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Ariz., Calif., Nev., Utah; Mexico (Baja California, Sonora).
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Flowering/Fruiting

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Flowering early spring-early summer (late summer-early fall).
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Habitat

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Interior chaparral, Mojave desert scrub, Sonoran desert scrub, usually on rocky slopes, igneous and limestone substrates; 0-1500m.
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Synonym

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Echinocactus viridescens Torrey & A. Gray var. cylindraceus Engelmann, Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 14: 338. 1852; Ferocactus acanthodes (Lemaire) Britton & Rose var. eastwoodiae L. D. Benson; F. acanthodes var. lecontei (Engelmann) G. E. Lindsay; F. eastwoodiae (L. D. Benson) L. D. Benson
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Ferocactus cylindraceus ( German )

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Blüten und Knospen

Ferocactus cylindraceus ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Ferocactus in der Familie der Kakteengewächse (Cactaceae). Das Artepitheton cylindraceus bedeutet ‚säulenförmig‘ oder ‚walzenförmig‘.

Beschreibung

Ferocactus cylindraceus wächst einzeln und sprosst nur selten. Die kugelförmigen bis zylindrischen Triebe erreichen bei Durchmessern von 50 Zentimetern Wuchshöhen von bis zu 3 Meter. Es sind 20 bis 30 meist gehöckerte, gelegentlich wellige Rippen vorhanden, die quer gekerbt sind. Die unterschiedlich gefärbten, etwas biegsamen Dornen sind weiß, rot, gelb oder braun. Von den vier bis sieben, 5 bis 15 Zentimeter langen Mitteldornen sind einige drehrund, die anderen abgeflacht. Gelegentlich sind sie gebogen oder hakenförmig. Die 15 bis 25 haarartigen bis kräftigen Randdornen gehen oft in die Mitteldornen über.

Die trichterförmigen Blüten sind gelb und manchmal rot überhaucht. Sie erreichen eine Länge von 3 bis 6 Zentimeter und weisen Durchmesser von 4 bis 6 Zentimeter auf. Die bis zu 3 Zentimeter langen, kugelförmigen, gelben Früchte sind fleischig und öffnen sich mit einer basalen Pore.

Verbreitung, Systematik und Gefährdung

Ferocactus cylindraceus ist in den Vereinigten Staaten in den Bundesstaaten Kalifornien, Nevada, Utah und Arizona sowie in den mexikanischen Bundesstaaten Baja California und Sonora verbreitet.

Die Erstbeschreibung als Echinocactus viridescens var. cylindraceus erfolgte 1852 durch George Engelmann.[1] Charles Russell Orcutt stellte die Varietät 1926 in die Gattung Ferocactus.[2]

Es werden folgende Unterarten unterschieden:[3]

  • Ferocactus cylindraceus subsp. cylindraceus
  • Ferocactus cylindraceus subsp. eastwoodiae (L.D.Benson) N.P.Taylor
  • Ferocactus cylindraceus subsp. lecontei (Engelm.) N.P.Taylor
  • Ferocactus cylindraceus subsp. tortulispinus (H.E.Gates) N.P.Taylor

In der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN wird die Art als „Least Concern (LC)“, d. h. als nicht gefährdet geführt.[4]

Nachweise

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

  1. Geo. Engelmann: Notes on the Cereus giganteus of South Eastern California and some other Californian Cactaceae. In: American Journal of Science, and Arts. 2. Folge, Band 14, 1852, S. 338 (online).
  2. C. R. Orcutt: Cactography. 1926, S. 5.
  3. Nadja Korotkova, David Aquino, Salvador Arias, Urs Eggli, Alan Franck, Carlos Gómez-Hinostrosa, Pablo C. Guerrero, Héctor M. Hernández, Andreas Kohlbecker, Matias Köhler, Katja Luther, Lucas C. Majure, Andreas Müller, Detlev Metzing, Reto Nyffeler, Daniel Sánchez, Boris Schlumpberger, Walter G. Berendsohn: Cactaceae at Caryophyllales.org – a dynamic online species-level taxonomic backbone for the family – Electronic supplement. In: Willdenowia. Band 51, Nr. 2, 2021, S. 137 (doi:10.3372/wi.51.51208).
  4. Ferocactus cylindraceus in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2020-3. Eingestellt von: Burquez Montijo, A. & Felger, R.S., 2010. Abgerufen am 7. März 2021.

Weblinks

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Ferocactus cylindraceus: Brief Summary ( German )

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 src= Blüten und Knospen

Ferocactus cylindraceus ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Ferocactus in der Familie der Kakteengewächse (Cactaceae). Das Artepitheton cylindraceus bedeutet ‚säulenförmig‘ oder ‚walzenförmig‘.

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Калифорниски кактус ( Macedonian )

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Калифорнискиот кактус (Ferocactus cylindraceus) е кактус од видовите на ферокактуси. За прв пат бил опишан од Георг Енгелман во 1853.[1]

Распространетост

Кактусот го има во пустината Мохаве и Соноранската пустина во Калифорнија, Невада, Аризона и Јута в САД. Исто така го има и во пустините во Мексико блиску границата со САД.[2][3] Расте во карпести и сушни предели на предели до 1500 метри надморска висина.[4]

Опис

Калифорнискиот кактус е најчесто цилиндричен или сферичен. Некои постари примероци може да нараснат во вид на столб до 2 метри во висина. Кактусот е прекриен со долги боцки, кои се прави и црвени додека се млади. Подоцна стануваат закривени и сиви..[5] Кактусот има виолетови или темноцрвени цветови со жолта внатрешност. Плодовите се жолти и месести.

Подвидови

  • Ferocactus cylindraceus var. cylindraceus — калифорниски кактус[6]
  • Ferocactus cylindraceus var. lecontei — леконтеев кактус[7][8]

Конзервација

Поради својата скулптурна форма и убави квалитети, иако е доста чест кактус, тој е под закана од колекционерите на растенија.[4] Во пустинските предели кактусот го губи хабитатот бидејќи се градат соларни градини и ветерници.

Галерија

Наводи

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Калифорниски кактус: Brief Summary ( Macedonian )

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Калифорнискиот кактус (Ferocactus cylindraceus) е кактус од видовите на ферокактуси. За прв пат бил опишан од Георг Енгелман во 1853.

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Ferocactus cylindraceus

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Ferocactus cylindraceus is a species of barrel cactus which is known by several common names, including California barrel cactus, Desert barrel cactus, and miner's compass. It was first described by George Engelmann in 1853.[2]

Distribution and habitat

This cactus is native to the eastern Mojave Desert and western Sonoran Desert Ecoregions in: Southern California, Nevada, Arizona, and Utah in the Southwestern United States; and Baja California, and Sonora state in Northwestern Mexico.[3][4]

It is found in gravelly, rocky, or sandy soils, in Creosote Bush Scrub and Joshua Tree Woodland habitats, from 60–1,500 metres (200–4,920 ft) in elevation.[5]

Description

Ferocactus cylindraceus is usually cylindrical or spherical, with some older specimens forming columns 2 metres (6.6 ft) in height. It is covered in long, plentiful spines, which are straight and red when new and become curved and gray as they age.[6]

The cactus bears flowers that are maroon outside, and bright yellow inside, with red or yellow centers on the side that faces the sun. The fleshy, hollow fruits are yellow.

Varieties

  • Ferocactus cylindraceus cylindraceus— California barrel cactus.[7]
  • Ferocactus cylindraceus lecontei (Engelm.) N.P.Taylor — Leconte's barrel cactus.[8][9]
  • Ferocactus cylindraceus tortulispinus (H.E.Gates) N.P.Taylor
Hillside with many Ferocactus cylindraceus, in Joshua Tree National Park.

Conservation

Having a sculptural form and picturesque qualities, this already uncommon cactus is threatened by plant collectors.[5] It is also losing habitat to clearing for new wind farms and solar power plants in the Mojave Desert and Colorado Desert.

Protected areas with notable populations include

References

  1. ^ Burquez Montijo, A.; Felger, R.S. (2017) [amended version of 2013 assessment]. "Ferocactus cylindraceus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T152556A121539513. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T152556A121539513.en. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  2. ^ Anderson, Edward F. (2001). The cactus family. Timber Press. p. 327. ISBN 0-88192-498-9. Retrieved 28 August 2010.
  3. ^ CalFlora Database: Ferocactus cylindraceus . accessed 4.1.2013
  4. ^ CalFlora Database: Distribution Map (in California)
  5. ^ a b Jepson . accessed 4.1.2013
  6. ^ Flora of North America . accessed 4.1.2013
  7. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Ferocactus cylindraceus (Engelm.) Orcutt var. cylindraceus". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  8. ^ "UC/JEPS: Jepson Manual treatment for FEROCACTUS cylindraceus var. lecontei". ucjeps.berkeley.edu.
  9. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Ferocactus cylindraceus (Engelm.) Orcutt var. lecontei (Engelm.) H. Bravo". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
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Ferocactus cylindraceus: Brief Summary

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Ferocactus cylindraceus is a species of barrel cactus which is known by several common names, including California barrel cactus, Desert barrel cactus, and miner's compass. It was first described by George Engelmann in 1853.

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Ferocactus cylindraceus ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Ferocactus cylindraceus es una especie de la familia de las cactáceas. Es originaria de Norteamérica.

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En flor.
 src=
En su hábitat

Descripción

Se trata de una planta globular, que crece solo en raras ocasiones por separado. Es esférica a cilíndrica y alcanza un diámetro de 50 centímetros y una altura de hasta 3 metros. El tallo tiene entre 18 y 27 costillas bien marcadas con densos cúmulos de muchas espinas rectas. Cada areola tiene de cuatro a siete espinas centrales, de 5 a 15 centímetros de largo y de 15 a 25 espinas radiales como pelos fuertes. Las flores con forma de embudo, son tintadas de color amarillo y rojo a veces. Llegan a una longitud de 3 a 6 centímetros y tienen un diámetro de 4 a 6 centímetros. Los frutos tienen 3 centímetros de largo, son esféricos, de color amarillo y carnosos.[1]

Distribución

Ferocactus cylindraceus se encuentra en los Estados Unidos en los estados de California, Nevada, Utah y Arizona y en los estados de México de Baja California y Sonora.[2]

Taxonomía

Ferocactus alamosanus fue descrita por (Engelm.) Orcutt y publicado en Cactography 5, en el año 1926.[3]

Etimología

Ferocactus: nombre genérico que deriva del adjetivo latíno "ferus" = "salvaje" , "indómito" y "cactus", para referirse a las fuertes espinas de algunas especies.

El epíteto específico cylindraceus significa, columnar o en forma de rodillo.

Subespecies
Sinonimia
  • Echinocactus rostii
  • Ferocactus acanthodes var. rostii
  • Echinocactus cylindraceus basónimo
  • Echinocactus viridescens var. cylindraceus
  • Thelocactus hertrichii
  • Echinocactus viridescens
  • Echinocactus acanthodes
  • Ferocactus acanthodes
  • Echinocactus lecontei
  • Ferocactus leconti
  • Ferocactus rostii
  • Echinocactus hertrichii
  • Ferocactus tortulispinus[4][5][6]

Referencias

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Ferocactus cylindraceus: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Ferocactus cylindraceus es una especie de la familia de las cactáceas. Es originaria de Norteamérica.

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Ferocactus cylindraceus ( French )

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Ferocactus cylindraceus est un cactus de la famille des Cactaceae, présent au sud-ouest des États-Unis et au nord du Mexique.

Description

Appareil végétatif

Ce cactus est, adulte, de forme cylindrique ; sa tige s'élève en colonne épaisse (droite) ou en barrique (renflée). Les plus vieux spécimens peuvent atteindre une hauteur proche de 3 mètres pour une largeur de 30 à 45 cm. La tige présente entre 18 et 27 côtes bien marquées portant des touffes denses de nombreuses épines droites, qui vont jusqu'à cacher la tige[1]. Ces épines, rouges lorsque jeunes deviennent jaune grisâtre avec l'âge.

Appareil reproducteur

 src=
Détail d'une fleur de Ferocactus cylindraceus

La floraison a lieu entre avril et mai.

Les fleurs sont jaunes, parfois rougeâtre à la base des tépales. Ces derniers sont nombreux et ont une bordure présentant un aspect un peu déchiré. Il y de nombreuses étamines de couleur jaune. Les fleurs mesurent de 4 à 6,5 cm de diamètre et apparaissent près du sommet de la tige[1].

Les fruits sont charnus, écailleux en surface et de coloration jaune.

Répartition et habitat

Ferocactus cylindraceus pousse sur les talus ou replats des zones désertiques du sud du continent nord-américain ; il est présent au Mexique et au sud-ouest des États-Unis, plus particulièrement dans les états américains de Californie, du Nevada, d'Utah, et d'Arizona[2]. Il est ainsi présent dans le désert de Sonora et dans le désert de Mojave. On le trouve par exemple dans le parc national de Saguaro.

Notes et références

  1. a et b (en) J.A. MacMahon, Deserts, New York, National Audubon Society Nature Guides, Knopf A.A. Inc, mars 1997, 9e éd., 638 p. (ISBN 0-394-73139-5), p. 395-396
  2. (en) Profil de la plante sur le site de l'USDA

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Ferocactus cylindraceus: Brief Summary ( French )

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Ferocactus cylindraceus est un cactus de la famille des Cactaceae, présent au sud-ouest des États-Unis et au nord du Mexique.

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Ferocactus cylindraceus ( Croatian )

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  • Preporučena temperatura: dan: 8-24°C, noć 9-10°C
  • Tolerancija hladnoće: do -7°C
  • Minimalna temperatura: 10°C
  • Izloženost suncu: cijeli dan
  • Porijeklo: jugozapadni SAD (Arizona, Kalifornija), sjeverni Meksiko (Sonora, Baja California) od 600-1500 m nadmorske visine
  • Opis: raste sam, polako do visine od 2.4 m i širine od 35 cm.
  • Potrebnost vode: zahtijeva malo vode i dobru drenažu. Ovaj Ferocactus lagano ugiba ako dobije previše vode ili premalo sunca.
  • Ovaj kaktus se godinama prepoznavao po nazivu Ferocactus acanthodes, dok se nije shvatilo da je taj naziv pogrešan. Pravo ime za ovaj kaktus je Ferocactus cylindraceus.
  • Ovaj kaktus raste na jugu. Zanimljivo je da sjeverna strana ovog kaktusa (ona koja je zaštićena od sunca) raste brže nego njegova južna strana
  • Uzgoj: Ferocactus cylindraceus zahtjeva malo vode i dobru drenažu, ne smije imati previše vode ili premalo sunca. Dolazi iz područja gdje zimi kiši, pa je stoga dobro da ga u prolječe stavimo na kišu da ga malo ispere, ali ostatak godine ovaj kaktus treba biti suh.
  • Cvjetovi: žute ili narančaste boje, pojavljuju se u kolovozu i dugi su od 4-5 cm
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Ritininis ferokaktusas ( Lithuanian )

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Binomas Ferocactus cylindraceus

Ritininis ferokaktusas (Ferocactus cylindraceus) – kaktusinių (Cactaceae) šeimos augalas. Stiebas iki 3 m aukščio, statinaitės formos. Dygliai įvairūs, gali išaugti net iki 20 cm ilgio. Žiedai geltoni, išsiskleidžia pavasarį.

Auga Kalifornijos pusiasalyje.

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Ritininis ferokaktusas

Vikiteka

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Ritininis ferokaktusas: Brief Summary ( Lithuanian )

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Ritininis ferokaktusas (Ferocactus cylindraceus) – kaktusinių (Cactaceae) šeimos augalas. Stiebas iki 3 m aukščio, statinaitės formos. Dygliai įvairūs, gali išaugti net iki 20 cm ilgio. Žiedai geltoni, išsiskleidžia pavasarį.

Auga Kalifornijos pusiasalyje.

 src= Ritininis ferokaktusas

Vikiteka

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Ferocactus cylindraceus ( Polish )

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Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Ferocactus cylindraceus – jeden z gatunków ferokaktusa pochodzący z Meksyku.

Morfologia i biologia

Rośnie pojedynczo, nie rozgałęzia się. Jego pędy są z początku owalne, ale z czasem stają się kolumnowe. Osiąga on wysokość do 3 m i średnicę do 80 cm. Ma kulisty pokrój. Posiada 13-27 żeber koloru zielonego. Areole tego gatunku są osadzone co około 2 cm, mają ok. 1 cm długości. Wyrasta z nich 9-13 cierni bocznych, koloru czerwonego a długości 4 cm oraz 1-4 cierni środkowych o długości sięgającej do 12 cm. Kaktus kwitnie w letnie dni, dając kwiaty o kolorze żółtym lub pomarańczowym.

Przypisy

  1. Stevens P.F.: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website (ang.). 2001–. [dostęp 2010-05-07].

Bibliografia

  1. Innes Clive, Charles Glass: Ilustrowana encyklopedia kaktusów. Wyd. Elipsa, 2006.
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Ferocactus cylindraceus: Brief Summary ( Polish )

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Ferocactus cylindraceus – jeden z gatunków ferokaktusa pochodzący z Meksyku.

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Jättedjävulstunga ( Swedish )

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Jättedjävulstunga (Ferocactus cylindraceus) är en suckulent växt inom släktet Ferocactus och familjen kaktusar. Jättedjävulstungan är som ung planta klotformad, med tiden utvecklas den till en pelarkaktus som kan bli över tre meter hög. Den har 13-27 åsar och areolerna sitter 1-4 innertaggar som kan bli 12 centimeter långa. Runtom sitter 9-13 kortare taggar. Hos denna art är alla taggar röda med gula och ibland vita markeringar.

Kommer ursprungligen från Mexiko (södra Kalifornien).

Odling

Ferocactus cylindraceus 2.jpg

Släktet Ferocactus växer väldigt långsamt, för att få en riktigt stor planta krävs åtminstone 200 år. Den bör stå så ljust som möjligt - men trivs inte i direkt sol de första tio åren. Måttlig bevattning och jorden bör torka ut rejält mellan vattningarna, det gäller i synnerhet på vintern. Trivs utomhus under sommaren om den hålls under tak där inte regn kan nå krukan. Vintertid bör den ha en svalare miljö, 8-10°, och bör då hållas helt torr. Blommar redan som ung med 4–6 centimeter långa gula till orange blommor. Omplanteras med flera års mellanrum.

Referenser

  1. ^ The Cactus Family, Edward F.AndersonISBN 0-88192-498-9
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Jättedjävulstunga: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

provided by wikipedia SV

Jättedjävulstunga (Ferocactus cylindraceus) är en suckulent växt inom släktet Ferocactus och familjen kaktusar. Jättedjävulstungan är som ung planta klotformad, med tiden utvecklas den till en pelarkaktus som kan bli över tre meter hög. Den har 13-27 åsar och areolerna sitter 1-4 innertaggar som kan bli 12 centimeter långa. Runtom sitter 9-13 kortare taggar. Hos denna art är alla taggar röda med gula och ibland vita markeringar.

Kommer ursprungligen från Mexiko (södra Kalifornien).

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia författare och redaktörer
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia SV