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Bitterwood

Picrasma excelsa (Sw.) Planch.

Scientific Names

Preferred Names

Picrasma excelsa (Sw.) Planch.
Species recognized by EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Aeschrion medica Cuatrec.
Species recognized by GBIF national node type records France
Picrasma antillana
Species recognized by North Atlantic Species List and NCBI
Picrasma excelsa
Species recognized by wikipedia VI, Bolivia Species List, Brazil Species List, Colombia Species List, Costa Rica Species List, Dominica Species List, Dominican Republic Species List, Ecuador Species List, El Salvador Species List, Jamaica Species List, Nicaragua Species List, Panama Species List, Peru Species List, Puerto Rico Species List, The Bahamas Species List, Mexico Species List, North Atlantic Species List, North Pacific Species List, wikipedia AST, and NCBI
Picrasma excelsa (Sw.) Planch.
Species recognized by EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1, EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1, and Plant Growth Form Data from NMNH Botany specimens
Picrasma excelsa (Sw.) Planch.
Recognized by INBio
Picrasma excelsa Planch.
Species recognized by GBIF classification
Rhus antillana Egg.
Species recognized by GBIF national node type records Germany
Aeschrion excelsa
Recognized by North American Flora and BHL data coverage
Aeschrion medica Cuatrec.
Recognized by NMNH type specimens
Picrasma antillana
Species recognized by wikidata_hierarchy tar gz, USDA PLANTS images, and Barcode of Life Data Systems
Picrasma antillana (Eggers) Urb.
Species recognized by USDA Plants data
Picrasma excelsa
Species recognized by wikidata_hierarchy tar gz, wikipedia ES, wikipedia FR, wikipedia EN, Wikidata Common Names, Wikimedia Commons, iNaturalist data coverage, and GGBN data coverage
Picrasma excelsa
Recognized by TRY database summary
Picrasma excelsa (Sw.) Planch.
Species recognized by IUCN, Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024, Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Hierarchy, GBIF data coverage, and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4
Picrasma excelsa (Sw.) Planch.
Recognized by NMNH Collection and Plant Forms, Habitat and Distribution
Quassia excelsa
Species recognized by wikidata_hierarchy tar gz

Alternative Names

Aeschrion antillanum (Eggers) Small
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Aeschrion excelsa (Sw.) Kuntze
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Aeschrion medica Cuatrec.
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Muenteria excelsa (Sw.) Walp.
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Picraena antillana (Eggers) Stehle
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Picraena antillana Fawcett & Rendle
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Picraena excelsa (Sw.) Lindl.
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Picrasma antillana (Eggers) Urban
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Picrita fraxinea Schumacher
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Quassia excelsa Sw.
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Quassia pentandra Stokes
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Quassia polygama Lindsay
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Rhus antillana Egg.
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Simarouba excelsa (Sw.) DC.
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Aeschrion antillanum (Eggers) Small
Synonym according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1
Aeschrion excelsa (Sw.) Kuntze
Synonym according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1
Aeschrion medica Cuatrec.
Synonym according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1
Muenteria excelsa (Sw.) Walp.
Synonym according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1
Picraena antillana (Eggers) Stehle
Synonym according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1
Picraena antillana Fawcett & Rendle
Synonym according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1
Picraena excelsa (Sw.) Lindl.
Synonym according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1
Picrasma antillana (Eggers) Urban
Synonym according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1
Picrita fraxinea Schumacher
Synonym according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1
Quassia excelsa
Synonym according to NCBI
Quassia excelsa Sw.
Synonym according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1
Quassia pentandra Stokes
Synonym according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1
Quassia polygama Lindsay
Synonym according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1
Rhus antillana Egg.
Synonym according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1
Simarouba excelsa (Sw.) DC.
Synonym according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1
Aeschrion antillana (Eggers) Small
Not accepted according to Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Hierarchy
Aeschrion antillana (Eggers) Small
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024 and USDA PLANTS images
Aeschrion antillanum (Eggers) Small
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4
Aeschrion excelsa (Sw.) Kuntze
Not accepted according to Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Hierarchy and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4
Aeschrion excelsa (Sw.) Kuntze
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024
Aeschrion excelsa var. microcarpa Krug & Urb.
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024
Aeschrion medica Cuatrec.
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4
Aeschrion medica Cuatrec.
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024
Muenteria excelsa (Sw.) Walp.
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4
Muenteria excelsa (Sw.) Walp.
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024
Picraena antillana (Eggers) Stehle
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4
Picraena antillana (Eggers) Stehlé
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024
Picraena antillana Fawcett & Rendle
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4
Picraena excelsa (Sw.) Lindl.
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4
Picraena excelsa (Sw.) Lindl.
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024
Picramnia antillana (Eggers) Urb.
Not accepted according to Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Hierarchy
Picramnia excelsa (Sw.) Planch.
Not accepted according to Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Hierarchy
Picrasma antillana (Eggers) Urb.
Not accepted according to Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Hierarchy
Picrasma antillana (Eggers) Urb.
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024
Picrasma antillana (Eggers) Urban
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4
Picrita fraxinea Schumach.
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024
Picrita fraxinea Schumacher
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4
Quassia excelsa Sw.
Not accepted according to Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Hierarchy and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4
Quassia excelsa Sw.
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024
Quassia pentandra Stokes
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4
Quassia pentandra Stokes
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024
Quassia polygama Linds.
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024
Quassia polygama Lindsay
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4
Rhus antillana Egg.
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4
Simarouba excelsa (Sw.) DC.
Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4
Simarouba excelsa (Sw.) DC.
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024

Common Names

English

Bitter-wood
prefer
Recognized by admin
bitter ash
prefer
Recognized by USDA PLANTS images
bitterwood preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Finnish

Jamaikankvassia preferred
Recognized by admin

French

Bois amer preferred
Recognized by admin
quachi
prefer
Recognized by admin

Spanish; Castilian

quasia preferred
Recognized by admin
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Curated hierarchies for Picrasma excelsa (Sw.) Planch.

EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022

Life
Cellular Organisms
Eukaryota
Archaeplastida
Chloroplastida
Streptophyta
Embryophytes
Tracheophyta
Spermatophytes
Angiosperms
Eudicots
Superrosids
Rosids
Sapindales
Simaroubaceae
Picrasma
Picrasma excelsa (Sw.) Planch. (this page)
Picrasma chinensis P. Y. Chen
Picrasma crenata (Vell.) Engl.
Picrasma cubensis Radlk. & Urb.
Picrasma javanica Bl.
Picrasma mexicana T. S. Brandegee
Picrasma quassioides (D. Don) Benn.
Picrasma selleana Urb.
Picrasma tetramera (Urb.) W. W. Thomas, J. D. Mitch. & A. Noa

Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024

Biota
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Sapindales Juss. ex Bercht. & J. Presl
Simaroubaceae DC.
Picrasma Blume
Picrasma excelsa (Sw.) Planch. (this page)
Picrasma chinensis P. Y. Chen
Picrasma crenata (Vell.) Engl.
Picrasma cubensis Radlk. & Urb.
Picrasma javanica Blume
Picrasma longistaminea W. Palacios
Picrasma mexicana Brandegee
Picrasma nanophylla Majure & Clase
Picrasma pauciflora A. Noa & P. A. González
Picrasma quassioides (D. Don) Benn.
Picrasma selleana Urb.
Picrasma tetramera (Urb.) W. W. Thomas, J. D. Mitch. & A. Noa

Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.3

Picrasma excelsa (Sw.) Planch. (this page)
Picrasma chinensis P. Y. Chen
Picrasma crenata (Vell.) Engl.
Picrasma cubensis Radlk. & Urb.
Picrasma javanica Bl.
Picrasma mexicana T. S. Brandegee
Picrasma quassioides (D. Don) Benn.
Picrasma selleana Urb.
Picrasma tetramera (Urb.) W. W. Thomas, J. D. Mitch. & A. Noa

EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1

Life
Cellular Organisms
Eukaryota
Archaeplastida
Chloroplastida
Streptophyta
Embryophytes
Tracheophyta
Spermatophytes
Angiosperms
Eudicots
Superrosids
Rosids
Sapindales
Simaroubaceae
Picrasma
Picrasma excelsa (Sw.) Planch. (this page)
Picrasma chinensis P. Y. Chen
Picrasma crenata (Vell.) Engl.
Picrasma cubensis Radlk. & Urb.
Picrasma javanica Bl.
Picrasma mexicana T. S. Brandegee
Picrasma quassioides (D. Don) Benn.
Picrasma selleana Urb.
Picrasma tetramera (Urb.) W. W. Thomas, J. D. Mitch. & A. Noa

EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4

Picrasma excelsa (Sw.) Planch. (this page)
Picrasma chinensis P. Y. Chen
Picrasma crenata (Vell.) Engl.
Picrasma cubensis Radlk. & Urb.
Picrasma javanica Bl.
Picrasma mexicana T. S. Brandegee
Picrasma quassioides (D. Don) Benn.
Picrasma selleana Urb.
Picrasma tetramera (Urb.) W. W. Thomas, J. D. Mitch. & A. Noa

GBIF classification

Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Sapindales
Simaroubaceae
Picrasma Blume
Picrasma excelsa Planch. (this page)
Picrasma chinensis P. Y. Chen
Picrasma crenata Engl.
Picrasma cubensis Radlk. & Urb.
Picrasma javanica Blume
Picrasma mexicana Brandegee
Picrasma quassioides Benn.
Picrasma selleana Urb.
Picrasma tetramera (Urb.) W. W. Thomas, J. D. Mitch. & A. Noa

Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Hierarchy

Plantae
Viridiplantae
Streptophyta
Embryophyta
Tracheophyta
Spermatophytina
Magnoliopsida
Rosanae
Sapindales
Simaroubaceae
Picrasma Blume
Picrasma excelsa (Sw.) Planch. (this page)
Picrasma quassioides (D. Don) Benn.

IUCN

Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Sapindales
Simaroubaceae
Picrasma excelsa (Sw.) Planch. (this page)
Ailanthus altissima var. tanakai (Hayata) Kaneh. & Sas.
Ailanthus integrifolia Lam. ex Steud.
Brucea antidysenterica J. F. Mill.
Brucea javanica (L.) Merr.
Brucea macrocarpa Stannard
Castela depressa Turpin
Castela erecta Turpin
Castela galapageia Hook. fil.
Castela retusa Liebm.
Castela tortuosa Liebm.
Gymnostemon zaizou Aubrev. & Pellegrin
Hannoa kitombetombe G. C. C. Gilbert
Homalolepis cavalcantei (W. W. Thomas) Devecchi & Pirani
Homalolepis cedron (Planch.) Devecchi & Pirani
Homalolepis cuneata (A. St.-Hil. & Tul.) Devecchi & Pirani
Homalolepis docensis (Franceschin. & K. Yamam.) Devecchi & Pirani
Homalolepis ferruginea (A. St.-Hil.) Devecchi & Pirani
Homalolepis floribunda (A. St.-Hil.) Devecchi & Pirani
Homalolepis insignis (A. St.-Hil. & Tul.) Devecchi & Pirani
Homalolepis maiana (Casar.) Devecchi & Pirani
Iridosma letestui (Pellegr.) Aubrév. & Pellegr.
Leitneria floridana Chapm.
Nothospondias staudtii Engl.
Perriera madagascariensis Courchet
Perriera orientalis Capuron
Picrasma javanica Blume
Picrasma selleana Urb.
Picrolemma sprucei Hook. fil.
Pierreodendron kerstingii (Engl.) Little
Quassia amara L.
Quassia indica (Gaertn.) Noot.
Quassia sanguinea Cheek & Jongkind
Quassia schweinfurthii (Oliv.) Noot.
Simaba guianensis Aubl.
Simaba orinocensis Kunth
Simaba polyphylla (Cavalcante) W. W. Thomas
Simarouba amara Aubl.
Simarouba glauca DC.
Simarouba versicolor A. St.-Hil.
Soulamea cardioptera Standley
Soulamea moratii Jaffré & Fambart
Soulamea pelletieri Jaffré & Fambart
Soulamea rigaultii Jaffré & Fambart
Soulamea terminalioides Baker

NCBI

root
cellular organisms
Eukaryota
Viridiplantae
Streptophyta
Streptophytina
Embryophyta
Tracheophyta
Euphyllophyta
Spermatophyta
Magnoliopsida
Mesangiospermae
eudicotyledons
Gunneridae
Pentapetalae
rosids
malvids
Sapindales
Simaroubaceae
Picrasma
Picrasma antillana (this page)
Picrasma chinensis
Picrasma crenata
Picrasma excelsa
Picrasma javanica
Picrasma quassioides
unclassified Picrasma

NCBI

root
cellular organisms
Eukaryota
Viridiplantae
Streptophyta
Streptophytina
Embryophyta
Tracheophyta
Euphyllophyta
Spermatophyta
Magnoliopsida
Mesangiospermae
eudicotyledons
Gunneridae
Pentapetalae
rosids
malvids
Sapindales
Simaroubaceae
Picrasma
Picrasma excelsa (this page)
Picrasma antillana
Picrasma chinensis
Picrasma crenata
Picrasma javanica
Picrasma quassioides
unclassified Picrasma

wikidata_hierarchy tar gz

Biota
Eukaryota
Plantae
Embryophyta siphonogama
Angiospermae
Dicotyledones
Choripetalae
Dialypetaleae
Terebinthales
Simaroubaceae
Quassia
Quassia excelsa (this page)
Quassia africana
Quassia amara
Quassia arnhemensis
Quassia baileyana
Quassia bidwillii
Quassia borneensis
Quassia cedron
Quassia crustacea
Quassia cuneata
Quassia cuspidata
Quassia ferruginea
Quassia floribunda
Quassia gabonensis
Quassia glabra
Quassia grandifolia
Quassia guianensis
Quassia harmandiana
Quassia indica
Quassia intermedia
Quassia klaineana
Quassia laevis
Quassia maiana
Quassia monophylla
Quassia obovata
Quassia orinocensis
Quassia paraensis
Quassia pohliana
Quassia praecox
Quassia salubris
Quassia sanguinea
Quassia schweinfurthii
Quassia silvestris
Quassia simarouba
Quassia simaruba
Quassia suaveolens
Quassia subcymosa
Quassia suffruticosa
Quassia trichilioides
Quassia tulae
Quassia undulata
Quassia versicolor
Quassia warmingiana

wikidata_hierarchy tar gz

Biota
Eukaryota
Plantae
Embryophyta siphonogama
Angiospermae
Dicotyledones
Choripetalae
Dialypetaleae
Terebinthales
Simaroubaceae
Picrasma
Picrasma excelsa (this page)
Picrasma ailanthoides
Picrasma antillana
Picrasma chinensis
Picrasma crenata
Picrasma cubensis
Picrasma denhamii
Picrasma javanica
Picrasma longistaminea
Picrasma mexicana
Picrasma pauciflora
Picrasma quassioides
Picrasma selleana
Picrasma tetramera

wikidata_hierarchy tar gz

Biota
Eukaryota
Plantae
Embryophyta siphonogama
Angiospermae
Dicotyledones
Choripetalae
Dialypetaleae
Terebinthales
Simaroubaceae
Picrasma
Picrasma antillana (this page)
Picrasma ailanthoides
Picrasma chinensis
Picrasma crenata
Picrasma cubensis
Picrasma denhamii
Picrasma excelsa
Picrasma javanica
Picrasma longistaminea
Picrasma mexicana
Picrasma pauciflora
Picrasma quassioides
Picrasma selleana
Picrasma tetramera
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