Sillago japonica és una espècie de peix de la família Sillaginidae i de l'ordre dels perciformes.
Els mascles poden assolir els 30 cm de longitud total.[2]
Es troba al Japó, Corea, Xina i Taiwan. Possiblement, també, a les Filipines.[2]
Sillago japonica és una espècie de peix de la família Sillaginidae i de l'ordre dels perciformes.
The Japanese whiting, Sillago japonica, (also known as the Japanese sillago or Shiro-gisu) is a common species of coastal marine fish belonging to the smelt-whiting family, Sillaginidae. As suggested by its name, the Japanese whiting was first recorded from Japan in 1843, but has subsequently been found to extend to Korea, China and Taiwan.
The species inhabits a variety of shallow water habitats where it preys on a variety of crustaceans as well as polychaetes, bivalves and small fish. They spawn between June and October, and are taken in large quantities during this period by fishermen. Being one of the most abundant species of fish around Japan, they make up a large percentage of the commercial catch.
The Japanese whiting is one of 29 species in the genus Sillago, which is one of three divisions of the smelt whiting family Sillaginidae. The smelt-whitings are Perciformes in the suborder Percoidea.[1]
The species was first recognized and scientifically described by Temminck and Schlegel in 1843 based on a holotype taken somewhere along the Japanese coast. The species has often been mistaken for Sillago sihama, and erroneously been published under this name by a number of authors, the first being Steindachner and Döderlein in 1885. Studies into various aspects of the Japanese whiting's biology have also been incorrectly named as studies on S. sihama.[2]
The binomial and common name of the species refers to the country where the species was first described from; Japan, although its range has subsequently found to be much wider than just Japan. The species is locally known as Shiro-gisu in Japan and Chin-Sa-Suo in China.[3]
As with most of the genus Sillago, the Japanese whiting has a slightly compressed, elongate body tapering toward the terminal mouth.[2] The body is covered in small ctenoid scales extending to the two rows of cheek scales and head. The first dorsal fin has 11 spines and the second dorsal fin has 1 leading spine with 21 to 23 soft rays posterior. The anal fin is similar to the second dorsal fin, but has 2 spines with 22 to 24 soft rays posterior to the spines. Other distinguishing features include 70 to 73 lateral line scales and a total of 35 vertebrae. The species has a known maximum length of over 30 cm (11.8 in) .[4]
Like all species of sillaginid, the swim bladder is the most dependable diagnostic feature. Japanese whiting have a swim bladder characterised by a single, long posterior extension which tapers to a slender point. The anterior end of the organ has three long median projections, with the central extension the longest.[3]
The colour of the fish is a greenish grey above with the dorsal region of the head darker and whitish on the underside of the fish. The anterior and posterior dorsal fins are hyaline, with the first few membranes of the spinous dorsal fin dusted in tiny brown spots. The anal, ventral and pectoral fins are also hyaline, with the pectoral having a greenish upper margin and base. The caudal fin is whitish with dark margins.[3]
The Japanese whiting ranges from Japan[5] where it was first described, west toward Korea,[6] China and Taiwan, possibly extending as far south as the Philippines.[4] The species is not only the most common sillaginid of Japan, but is one of the most common coastal species of any family, often making up a significant proportion of shallow water samples.[7]
S. japonica occurs in a variety of habitats, with shallow sandy flats in bays, surf zones of beaches, protected eelgrass seabeds and occasionally estuaries used by the species. They are a shallow water species, operating in depths between 0 and 30 m (98 ft). Juveniles tend to use eelgrass beds as a nursery area, gaining both food and protection from these habitats while adults move to more exposed areas.[8]
Like other sillaginids, the Japanese whiting is benthic in nature, inhabiting the bottom layer of water in a marine system. This is due to the benthic nature of their prey during the daytime, which inhabit these layers of weaker water flow preferentially due to their body shape.[9] Japanese whiting are a schooling species like most other sillaginids, and similarly are able to burrow into the sand to escape predators or forage for prey.[4]
Studies of Japanese whiting occupying surf zones show that there is a distinct shift in diet as fish mature, with the change occurring at a length of around 20 mm. Young fish tended to consume a higher proportion of calanoid copepods, with small amounts of mysids also taken.[10] Older fish take substantially more mysids, with few copepods or polychaetes taken. Other studies have found amphipods, bivalves, caridean shrimps, crabs and small fish also contribute to the diets of S. japonica in some areas, helping to reduce interspecific competition locally.[11] In most all diet surveys, there is a shift in diet as size increases, probably to avoid intraspecific competition. Seasonal changes associated with prey abundance are also observed.[8]
Japanese whiting produce between 13,600 and 68,900 egg in a spawning period, which occurs between June and October.[12] The larval development has been extensively described by Oozeki et al., who described ten stages in the morphological and histological development of the species.[13] Juveniles inhabit protected areas such as shallow bays and seagrass beds. The species becomes sexually mature by 2 years for both sexes, living to at least 4 years of age and reaching more than 30 cm in length.[14]
Being one of the most common inshore species in Japan, it has become one of the most important commercial species in the country, greatly esteemed for its delicate flavour.[4] Recreational fishermen in Japan also take the species often, especially in summer, with the species relatively easy to access from land based fishing areas.[15] Many studies have been carried out on the breeding of the species in captivity, which has led to the development of an aquaculture market for Japanese whiting.[4]
In other countries where other sillaginids are more prevalent, Japanese whiting are caught as a byproduct of smaller inshore fisheries, usually alongside other species of Sillago.
The Japanese whiting, Sillago japonica, (also known as the Japanese sillago or Shiro-gisu) is a common species of coastal marine fish belonging to the smelt-whiting family, Sillaginidae. As suggested by its name, the Japanese whiting was first recorded from Japan in 1843, but has subsequently been found to extend to Korea, China and Taiwan.
The species inhabits a variety of shallow water habitats where it preys on a variety of crustaceans as well as polychaetes, bivalves and small fish. They spawn between June and October, and are taken in large quantities during this period by fishermen. Being one of the most abundant species of fish around Japan, they make up a large percentage of the commercial catch.
Sillago japonica es una especie de peces de la familia Sillaginidae en el orden de los Perciformes.
Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 30 cm de longitud total.[1]
Se encuentra en el Japón, Corea, China y Taiwán. Posiblemente, también, en las Filipinas.
Sillago japonica es una especie de peces de la familia Sillaginidae en el orden de los Perciformes.
Sillago japonica Sillago generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Sillaginidae familian sailkatzen da.
Sillago japonica Sillago generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Sillaginidae familian sailkatzen da.
De zilverwijting (Sillago japonica) is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van witte baarzen (Sillaginidae).[2] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1843 door Temminck & Schlegel.
De soort staat op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN als niet bedreigd, beoordelingsjaar 2009.[1]
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Cá đục Nhật Bản (Danh pháp khoa học: Sillago japonica) hay còn biết đến với tên gọi Shiro-gisu hay Shirogisu, Kisu, Magisu and Kisugo trong tiếng Nhật, là một loài cá biển trong họ cá đục Sillaginidae được mô tả lần đầu tiên tại Nhật Bản năm 1843. Cá đục đánh bắt ở vùng bờ biển Nhật Bản gọi là cá đục Nhật Bản. Nó cũng là loài cá ưa thích của những tay câu cá thể thao, vì chúng có nhiều kích thước, mặc dù trung bình thường không vượt quá 10 cm.
Cá ngon nhất được bắt ở vùng Fukuoka, và Ehime từ mùa xuân tới mùa hè. Ở Shizuoka, người Nhật cũng đánh bắt được một số lượng đáng kể cá đục ở vịnh Suruga bảo đảm độ tươi đúng mùa. Món sashimi, nó có thể được chế biến theo nhiều cách, konbujime, nó sẽ được ngấm hương vị giữa hai miếng konbu/rong biển ướt để lấy vị ngọt.
Là aburi/nấu sơ, người ta có thể thưởng thức hai loại cơ thịt và hai loại mùi vị cùng một lúc, nấu chín sơ thịt fillet của cá này không phải dễ vì chúng rất mỏng. Nếu hoàn toàn tươi, cá đục ít được chế biến thành dạng sushi nigiri, kiểu tempura hoặc tẩm bột chiên sâu, mặc dù hương vị cá thay đổi rất nhiều. Nếu cá tươi, chiên luôn cả xương và đầu cá.
Cá đục Nhật Bản (Danh pháp khoa học: Sillago japonica) hay còn biết đến với tên gọi Shiro-gisu hay Shirogisu, Kisu, Magisu and Kisugo trong tiếng Nhật, là một loài cá biển trong họ cá đục Sillaginidae được mô tả lần đầu tiên tại Nhật Bản năm 1843. Cá đục đánh bắt ở vùng bờ biển Nhật Bản gọi là cá đục Nhật Bản. Nó cũng là loài cá ưa thích của những tay câu cá thể thao, vì chúng có nhiều kích thước, mặc dù trung bình thường không vượt quá 10 cm.
少鳞鱚（学名：Sillago japonica），又名青沙鮻、沙腸仔，为鱚科鱚属的鱼类，俗名青沙。分布于印度尼西亚、菲律宾、朝鲜、日本、台湾岛以及南海及东海等。该物种的模式产地在長崎、日本。[1]
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分類 界 : 動物界 Animalia 門 : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata 綱 : 条鰭綱 Actinopterygii 目 : スズキ目 Perciformes 科 : キス科 Sillaginidae 属 : キス属 Sillago 種 : シロギス S. japonica 学名 Sillago japonica
シロギス（白鱚、Sillago japonica）は、キス科に属する海水魚の一種。東アジアの沿岸域に広く分布する。別名キス（鱚）[3][4]で夏の季語[5]。ただしキスはキス科の総称としても使われる[6]。体色は、背側が淡黄褐色で、腹側が白い。そのため、青から緑がかったアオギスに対し、シロギスと呼ばれる。
水深20mまでのきれいな砂底付近にすむ浅海性で、多毛類や甲殻類を食べる。繁殖期は6-10月。釣りの対象として人気が高い。
1843年、コンラート・ヤコブ・テミンクとヘルマン・シュレーゲルによって、日本沿岸で採集されたホロタイプを基に記載された。モトギスと間違えられることがよくあり、1885年のSteindachnerとDöderleinを初めとした多くの著者によって誤った名前が用いられた[2]。
学名 Sillago japonica、英名 Japanese whiting ともに日本産であるために名付けられた。だが、実際の分布域は東アジア全域に及び、台湾ではChin-Sa-Suoと呼ばれる[7]。
他のキス類と同じように、わずかに側扁した細長い体と、先細りになった口を持つ[2]。体は小さな櫛鱗に覆われ、頬鱗は2列。第一背鰭は11棘条、第二背鰭は1棘21-23軟条。臀鰭は第二背鰭に似るが、2棘22-24軟条。側線鱗数70-73で脊椎骨数35。最大で30 cmになる[8]。
鰾はキス類を同定する上で最も重要な形質である。本種の鰾は、後方は滑らかに細く伸びて終端する。前方からは3本の突起が伸び、真ん中の突起が最も長い[7]。
背面は緑灰色で頭部は暗い色をしている。腹面は白い。背鰭は半透明で、棘条の間には細かい褐色の斑点がある。臀鰭・腹鰭・胸鰭は半透明だが、胸鰭の上縁と基部は緑がかる。尾鰭は白く、縁が黒い[7]。
日本（本州・四国・九州・沖縄）[2][9]から朝鮮半島[10]・中国・台湾、おそらくフィリピンにも分布する[8]。日本の海域で最も一般的なキス類ではないかもしれないが、沿岸域において最も豊富な種の一つであることは確実であり、浅海域から得られるサンプルのかなりの割合を占めることがある[11]。
湾内の浅い砂地・砂浜の波打ち際・アマモ場・河口など様々な環境で見られる。浅海性で、生息深度は0-30 m。稚魚は餌と外敵からの保護が得られるアマモ場にとどまることが多いが、成魚は開放的な環境に移動する[12]。
他のキス類のように底生魚である[13]。他のキス類のように群れを作り、外敵から逃れる、または摂餌のために砂に潜る[8]。
波打ち際に生息する個体の研究からは、全長20 mmを境に食性が大きく変化することが示された。若魚は主にカイアシ類を食べ、アミ類も多少食べる[14]。成魚は主にアミ類を食べるようになり、多少の多毛類・カイアシ類を食べる。他の研究では、生息場所によって端脚類・二枚貝・エビ・カニ・小魚などを食べることも確認された。これは種間競争を減らすためだと考えられる[15]。多くの研究において、成長とともに餌の種類が変化していくことが観察されているが、これはおそらく種内競争を防ぐためである。季節による餌の種類の変化も観察されている[12]。
6-10月に繁殖し、産卵数は13,600-68,900[16]。発生過程はOozeki et al.によって記録されており、形態学・組織学的に10の発生ステージを区別している[17]。稚魚は浅い湾やアマモ場に留まる。雌雄ともに2年で性成熟し、寿命は最低でも4年、30cmに達する[18]。
日本では一般的な沿岸性魚種であり、その繊細な風味のために人気がある[8]。船・ボートから釣る場合は周年出来るが、陸からの釣りで容易に釣れることから、特に夏には本種を狙った釣りが盛んである[19]。 砂地の海底付近を回遊しているので岩礁などに針やオモリが引っかかる様な事が無いため、釣り入門者に最適な対象魚である。また、群れを作り移動速度がサバやイワシ等よりも遅いため、群れに当たると数多く釣る事が出来る。
他の国では他のキス類が主に利用されており、本種は小規模の沿岸漁業で、他種とともに捕獲される程度である。
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