Diagnostic Description
provided by Fishbase
Spines short (Ref. 1602). Several yellow-edged dark blotches on body (Ref. 559). D. liturosus differs from D. hystrix by its shorter spines and color (Ref. 37816).Description: Characterized further by Brown body color grading to white ventrally; dark blotches on back, on side and below eye; numerous, short erectile spines on head and body, spines on forehead shorter than behind pectoral fins, non wholly on caudal peduncle; 16-21 spines from snout to base of dorsal fin (Ref. 90102).
- Recorder
- Cristina V. Garilao
Morphology
provided by Fishbase
Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 14 - 16; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 14 - 16
- Recorder
- Cristina V. Garilao
Trophic Strategy
provided by Fishbase
Inhabits reef edges and slopes (Ref. 6113). Hides in caves and ledges during the day and forages at night. Solitary. Feeds on crustaceans and molluscs (Ref. 9680).
Biology
provided by Fishbase
Inhabits reef edges and slopes (Ref. 6113, 48637). Hides in caves and ledges during the day and forages at night (Ref. 9680). Also found below plate-corals during the day and often deep, ranging to at least 40 meters depth. Juveniles occur in lagoons and estuaries (Ref. 48637). Solitary. Feeds on crustaceans and mollusks. Not usually marketed (Ref. 9680).
- Recorder
- Estelita Emily Capuli
Importance
provided by Fishbase
fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial; price category: unknown; price reliability:
- Recorder
- Estelita Emily Capuli
分布
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
分布於印度-太平洋區,西起非洲東岸,東至社會群島,北至日本南部,南迄澳洲。台灣分布於各沿岸水域。
利用
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
沿岸常見魚種,流刺網、一支釣、手釣等皆可捕獲,有毒性,不可食用,但常被飼養於水族館供人觀賞。
描述
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
體短圓筒形,頭和體前部寬圓。尾柄錐狀,後部側扁。吻寬短,背緣微凹。眼中大。鼻孔每側2個,鼻瓣呈卵圓狀突起。口中大,前位;上下頜各具1喙狀大齒板,無中央縫。頭及體上的棘甚堅硬而長;尾柄無小棘;眼下緣下方具1指向腹面的小棘。前部棘具2棘根,可自由活動,後部棘具3棘根,不可自由活動。背鰭一個,位於體後部,肛門上方,具軟條14-16;臀鰭與其同形,具軟條14-16;胸鰭寬短,上側鰭條較長,具軟條21-25;尾鰭圓形,具軟條9。體背側灰褐色,腹面白色,背部及側面有一些具淺色緣的深色斑塊,另有一些黑色小斑點分布;眼下方具喉斑;背、胸、臀及尾鰭淡色,無任何圓形小黑斑。
棲地
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
熱帶暖水性底層魚類,主要棲息於淺海礁石周緣或陡坡附近。一般行獨居生活;幼魚則行大洋漂游性生活。日間躲於洞穴或縫穴間,夜間捕食軟體動物及甲殼類等無脊椎動物為食。
Black-blotched porcupinefish
provided by wikipedia EN
The black-blotched porcupinefish (Diodon liturosus), also known as shortspine porcupinefish, is a member of the family Diodontidae. It is found in the tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific on coral and rocky reefs and in inshore waters. Other names are the blotched porcupinefish and the brown-backed porcupinefish.
Description
The Black-blotched porcupinefish is a medium-sized fish which grows up to 65 cm (26 in), but the average size most likely to be observed is 45 cm (18 in).[1] Its body is elongated with a spherical head with big round protruding eyes and a large mouth that is rarely closed. The pectoral fins are large, the pelvic fins are absent, the anal and dorsal fins are close to the caudal peduncle. The latter move simultaneously during swimming. All fins are a uniform tint of white or yellowish without any spotting. The skin is smooth and firm, the scales are modified into spines directed towards the back. The body coloration is light brown to sandy-yellowwith dark blotches circled with a white line and pale ventral surface. The only other fish with which it might be confused is the long-spine porcupinefish, (Diodon holocanthus) but it has much shorter spines and it lacks a dark streak running between the eyes.[2]
In case of danger, the porcupinefish can inflate itself by swallowing water to deter the potential predator with its larger volume and it can raise its spines defensively.
The porcupinefish concentrates a poison, called tetrodotoxin, in certain parts of its body such as the liver, skin, gonads and the viscera. Tetrodotoxin is a powerful neurotoxin. This defensive system constitutes an additional device to dissuade the potential predators.[3]
Distribution and habitat
The Black-blotched porcupinefish is found in the tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific area from eastern coasts of Africa to Japan, the Society Islands and Western Australia, and also the southeast of the Atlantic Ocean on the coast of South Africa.[4]
Adults favour lagoons, top reefs and seaward coral or rocky reefs from one to 90 m depth, but it is usually found between 15 and 30 m.[5]
Biology
The porcupinefish's diet is based on Sea urchins, gastropods and crustaceans.[6]
This fish is solitary, except during mating periods, it has a nocturnal activity with a maximal activity at sunset and sunrise. During the day it normally hides in caves or under ledges.[7]
References
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^ "Diodon liturosus, Black-blotched porcupinefish : Fisheries, aquarium".
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^ "Black-blotched porcupinefish: Diodon liturosus Shaw, 1804". Australian Museum. Retrieved 2013-12-15.
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^ GRIGNARD Jean-Christophe, BOURJON Philippe, SITTLER Alain-Pierre, in : DORIS, 17/2/2013 : Diodon liturosus Shaw, 1804, http://doris.ffessm.fr/fiche2.asp?fiche_numero=2177
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^ "Black-blotched porcupinefish - Encyclopedia of Life".
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^ GRIGNARD Jean-Christophe, BOURJON Philippe, SITTLER Alain-Pierre, in : DORIS, 17/2/2013 : Diodon liturosus Shaw, 1804, http://doris.ffessm.fr/fiche2.asp?fiche_numero=2177
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^ Leis, J.M., 2001. Diodontidae. Porcupine fishes (burrfishes). p. 3958-3965. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome.
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^ Leis, J.M., 2001. Diodontidae. Porcupine fishes (burrfishes). p. 3958-3965. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome.
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Black-blotched porcupinefish: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Diodon liturosus
The black-blotched porcupinefish (Diodon liturosus), also known as shortspine porcupinefish, is a member of the family Diodontidae. It is found in the tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific on coral and rocky reefs and in inshore waters. Other names are the blotched porcupinefish and the brown-backed porcupinefish.
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- Wikipedia authors and editors
Description
provided by World Register of Marine Species
Inhabits reef edges and slopes. Rests in caves and ledges during the day and forages at night. Solitary. Feeds on crustaceans and mollusks. Not usually marketed.
McClanahan, T.R. (1994). Kenya coral reef lagoon fish: effects of fishing, substrate complexity, and sea urchins. Coral Reefs 13: 231-241
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