Morphology
provided by Animal Diversity Web
Diodon holocanthus, also known as the balloonfish or spiny puffer, can reach lengths from about 30.5 to 61 cm. It has dark patches along its sides and back, but perhaps its most telling feature is the long spines that protrude from all over its body, excluding the fins and face. The spines are actually modified scales, which lay flat against its body most of the time (Waikiki Aquarium 1999). In some relatives of the balloonfish, a toxic chemical, tetrodotoxin, is found in the skin and spines. However, only trace amounts of tetrodotoxin have been found in balloonfish, mainly concentrated in the ovaries (Chen and Chou 1998). In appearance, D. holocanthus resembles its closest cousin, D. hystrix, also known as the porcupinefish. However, an easy way to tell these two apart (without getting too close) is by checking for spots on the fins: D. hystrix has them, while D. holocanthus does not (FLMNH).
Balloonfish expand by swallowing mouthfuls of air or water when attacked by a predator. The balloonfish swallows air, when attacked by avian predators, or water, when attacked by piscine predators (Brainerd 1994). After ingestion through the mouth, the air or water reaches the highly elastic stomach, which has been described as a "large dilatable sac with robust esophageal and pyloric sphincters" (Rosen, 1912). The stomach, which has lost its digestive function, plays a key role in the inflation process (Brainerd 1994). In Diodontidae, the stomach is a simple sac, whereas in Tetraodontidae the stomach is divided into two parts by a pyloric sphincter. As the stomach expands, it pushes the peritoneal lining into the ample peritoneal space. The peritoneal cavity expands towards the head to the mandible and towards the tail to enclose the unpaired fins (Brainerd 1994).
The skeletal structure of D. holocanthus also facilitates inflation. Because the balloonfish lacks pleural ribs and a pelvic girdle, expansion is not as strictly inhibited as in most fish. The vertebral column is also highly flexible. It bends in an arc towards the dorsal side of the fish, allowing D. holocanthus to attain its characteristic spherical shape upon inflation (Brainerd 1994).
In addition to the elastic stomach, generous peritoneal space and skeletal structure, balloonfish skin is also specialized for inflation (Brainerd 1994). The skin of D. holocanthus is highly elastic because of microfolds in the epidermis and collagen fibers of the dermis. These allow D. holocanthus to extend through 40% of its initial length before it begins to stiffen (Brainerd 1994).
Other Physical Features: bilateral symmetry
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- Kenzie, J. 2000. "Diodon holocanthus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Diodon_holocanthus.html
- author
- Jessica Kenzie, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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- William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
Distribution
provided by Animal Diversity Web
Diodon holocanthus is distributed circumtropically throughout the world (Hobson 1974; FLMNH). In the U.S. it is found along the Pacific coast, the Florida Keys and Hawaii (Hobson 1974; Waikiki Aquarium 1999). It is widespread in the Caribbean and eastern Asia (Hobson 1974; FLMNH).
Biogeographic Regions: indian ocean (Native ); atlantic ocean (Native ); pacific ocean (Native )
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- Kenzie, J. 2000. "Diodon holocanthus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Diodon_holocanthus.html
- author
- Jessica Kenzie, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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- William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
Trophic Strategy
provided by Animal Diversity Web
The teeth of both the upper and lower jaws of D. holocanthus are fused, forming a solid, heavy beak (Hobson 1974; Waikiki Aquarium 1999). This beak makes cracking the shells of snails, sea urchins and hermit crabs a breeze. With the help of its relatively large eyes, D. holocanthus feeds at night on these delicacies of the coastal zone (Waikiki Aquarium 1999). As for catching its prey, D. holocanthus certainly does not rely on speed. It is actually a slow-swimming predator (Waikiki Aquarium 1999). What D. holocanthus can do is maneuver into tricky positions using its pectoral, pelvic and anal fins. This is especially helpful in complex habitat such as coral reefs. D. holocanthus uses its tail primarily for steering and for occasional bursts of speed (Waikiki Aquarium 1999).
Diodon holocanthus is a nocturnal predator and remains hidden during the day (Hobson 1974; Waikiki Aquarium 1999; FLMNH). Individuals have been observed resting near ledges and shallow caves of the rocky sea floor in the Gulf of California and ledges or holes in the Florida Keys in the daytime (Hobson 1974). In coral reefs around Hawaii and the West Indies, D. holocanthus' main food source is pagurid crabs (hermit crabs) and prosobranch gastropods, which include familiar marine organisms such as abalones, limpets, top shells, periwinkles, boat shells, conchs, moon snails, and whelks (Hobson 1974; FLMNH;Randall 1967; Waikiki Aquarium 1999).
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- Kenzie, J. 2000. "Diodon holocanthus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Diodon_holocanthus.html
- author
- Jessica Kenzie, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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- William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
Benefits
provided by Animal Diversity Web
Relatives of D. holocanthus are popular in Asian sushi restaurants. However, D. holocanthus is not normally consumed. Dried, inflated bodies of D. holocanthus are however, a relatively common novelty for tourists on vacation in tropical areas (FLMNH).
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- Kenzie, J. 2000. "Diodon holocanthus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Diodon_holocanthus.html
- author
- Jessica Kenzie, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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- William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
Behavior
provided by Animal Diversity Web
Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical
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- Kenzie, J. 2000. "Diodon holocanthus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Diodon_holocanthus.html
- author
- Jessica Kenzie, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
- editor
- William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
Habitat
provided by Animal Diversity Web
Adult balloonfish are found in relatively shallow areas of the ocean. They prefer grassy flats, coral reefs, and mangrove areas (Randall 1967; FLMNH; Nagelkerken et. al 2000). The larvae however, are found in the pelagic (open water) zone (FLMNH). They bob around in their shells for about 4 days before hatching (FLMNH).
Aquatic Biomes: reef ; coastal
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- Kenzie, J. 2000. "Diodon holocanthus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Diodon_holocanthus.html
- author
- Jessica Kenzie, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
- editor
- William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
Reproduction
provided by Animal Diversity Web
Diodon holocanthus reproduces through sexual processes, just like most other fish. Sexual reproduction maintains genetic diversity within the species, which is important for preventing disease and adapting to changes in the environment over time. During spawning season, a male pushes a female to the surface and they immediately spawn (FLMNH). The round eggs float in the water. Until they are 10 days old, D. holocanthus larvae retain a thin shell covering, which is then lost (FLMNH). At this time, D. holocanthus begins to develop spines. The larvae metamorphosize after about 3 weeks (FLMNH). After this metamorphosis, fins and fin rays are present, the teeth are formed, and adult olive and brown coloring develops (FLMNH). Dark spots appear on the belly, which may help camouflage the juveniles in floating sargassum from underwater predators such as the mahi mahi (FLMNH). The juvenile loses this underside spotting when it reaches the adult stage. At this point in development, spine elongation and body growth occur. The larval stage of D. holocanthus is yellow with red spots and well-developed functional mouth, eyes and gas bladder (FLMNH ).
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- bibliographic citation
- Kenzie, J. 2000. "Diodon holocanthus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Diodon_holocanthus.html
- author
- Jessica Kenzie, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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- William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
Brief Summary
provided by EOL authors
Like all species in the family Diodontidae, Long-spined Porcupinefish (Diodon holocanthus) can inflate themselves by swallowing water (or air). As in other species in the genus Diodon, this swelling causes the erection of the long movable spines covering the body. The Long-spined Porcupinefish is a robust fish with rounded dorsal and anal fins. Spines on the forehead of the Long-spined Porcupinefish are slightly shorter to much longer than are those immediately behind the pectoral fin base. Long-spined Porcupinefish have a broad dark bar through the eyes and, usually, four dark saddles on the back. The rest of the body is brownish yellow, paler below, with dark brown spots of moderate size (no spots on the fins beyond their bases). These spots are larger than the diameter of the spines. No spines are wholly on the caudal peduncle. Pelagic juveniles are around 6 to 9 cm. Maximum adult standard length (i.e., excluding tail) is around 30 cm, with a maximum total length of around 45 to 50 cm. In North American waters, the similar Spotted Porcupinefish (Diodon hystrix) is larger (to 91 cm), lacks the dark bars on the back and through the eyes, is covered with small dark spots that are around the same diameter as the spines, has the longest spines posterior to the pectoral fins, and has one or more spines wholly on the caudal peduncle. The Long-spined Porcupinefish has a circumtropical distribution in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans (except that it seems to occur only peripherally on the Pacific Plate). It is found in the Atlantic from Florida and the Bahamas to Brazil and in the Pacific from the Gulf of California to Peru (see Leis 2006 for more details on geographic distribution). Long-spined Porcupinefish are nocturnal and usually solitary. They feed on hard-shelled invertebrates. Larger individuals are found in a variety of benthic habitats from shallow reefs to open, soft bottoms to at least 100 m. In some areas, Long-spined Porcupinefish are harvested and dried in their inflated state for sale to tourists. See Leis (2006) for a comprehensive key to identify the seven or eight genera and 18 or 19 species in the family Diodontidae that are recognized as valid by the author. (Boschung et al. 1983; Eschmeyer and Herald 1983; Robins and Ray 1986; Leis 2003, 2006)
Trophic Strategy
provided by Fishbase
Inhabits lagoon and seaward reefs (Ref. 37816, 58534) to open shallow, soft bottoms. Occurs on open muddy substrates as well as on rich soft-bottom and coral reefs. Also in areas with rocky substrata. Young and sub-adults may form small groups (Ref. 48637). Juveniles pelagic to about 6-9 cm. Solitary. Feeds on mollusks, sea urchins, hermit crabs, shellfish and crabs at night (Ref. 9680, 54301). Mobile-invertebrate feeder (Ref. 57615, 57616). Sessile invertebrate feeder (Ref. 126840). A relatively poor swimmer (Ref. 9710). A relatively poor swimmer (Ref. 9710).
Morphology
provided by Fishbase
Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13 - 15; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 13 - 15
- Recorder
- Cristina V. Garilao
Diseases and Parasites
provided by Fishbase
Lymphocystis Disease. Viral diseases
Diagnostic Description
provided by Fishbase
Pelagic juveniles with spots, particularly prominent on belly; adults with dark blotches across back and spots between the blotches; fins without spots (Ref. 4423). 14 to 16 spines in an approximate row between snout and origin of dorsal fin; with a large brown bar above and below each eye; a broad transverse brown bar on occipital region of head (Ref. 13442).
- Recorder
- Cristina V. Garilao
Biology
provided by Fishbase
Inhabit shallow reefs to open, soft bottoms. Also in areas with rocky substrata. Sometimes form groups (Ref. 9710, 48637). Occur on open muddy substrates as well as on rich soft-bottom and coral reefs. Juveniles often with floating Sargassum rafts. Young and sub-adults may form small groups (Ref. 48637). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Juveniles pelagic to about 6-9 cm. Solitary. Feed on mollusks, sea urchins, hermit crabs, and crabs at night (Ref. 9680). Relatively poor swimmers (Ref. 9710). Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166). Captured at the surface using a hand net (Ref. 26165).
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Importance
provided by Fishbase
fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial; price category: unknown; price reliability:
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
分布
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
分布於全世界各熱帶海域。台灣各地海域均產。
利用
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
沿岸常見魚種，流刺網、一支釣、手釣等皆可捕獲，無食用經濟價值，但常被飼養於水族館供人觀賞。
描述
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
體短圓筒形，頭和體前部寬圓。尾柄錐狀，後部側扁。吻寬短，背緣微凹。眼中大。鼻孔每側2個，鼻瓣呈卵圓狀突起。口中大，前位；上下頜各具1喙狀大齒板，無中央縫。頭及體上的棘甚堅硬而長；尾柄無小棘；眼下緣下方無1指向腹面的小棘。各棘具2棘根，可自由活動。背鰭一個，位於體後部，肛門上方，具軟條13-15；臀鰭與其同形，具軟條13-15；胸鰭寬短，上側鰭條較長，具軟條20-24；尾鰭圓形，具軟條9。體背側灰褐色，腹面白色，背部及側面有一些深色的斑塊，另有一些黑色小斑點分布；無喉斑；背、胸、臀及尾鰭淡色，無任何圓形小黑斑。
棲地
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
熱帶海洋性底層魚類，主要棲息於淺海礁石區、軟質底海域或開放性水域。一般行獨居生活，有時會聚集成群；幼魚則行大洋漂游性生活。主要於夜間捕食軟體動物、海膽、寄居蟹及螃蟹等無脊椎動物為食。
Ballon-penvis
(
Afrikaans
)
provided by wikipedia AF
Die Ballon-penvis (Diodon holocanthus) is 'n vis wat voorkom in die tropiese en subtropiese water van al die oseane in die wêreld. In Suider-Afrika kom dit voor van Namibië tot by Mosambiek. In Engels staan die vis bekend as balloon porcupinefish
Voorkoms
Die hele lyf - behalwe die vinne - is bedek met stekels wat agtertoe lê. Wanneer die vis homself opblaas staan die stekels orent. Die vis se kop en lyf is lig olyfkleurig.
Sien ook
Bron
Eksterne skakel
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Ballon-penvis: Brief Summary
(
Afrikaans
)
provided by wikipedia AF
Die Ballon-penvis (Diodon holocanthus) is 'n vis wat voorkom in die tropiese en subtropiese water van al die oseane in die wêreld. In Suider-Afrika kom dit voor van Namibië tot by Mosambiek. In Engels staan die vis bekend as balloon porcupinefish
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Peix eriçó
(
Catalan; Valencian
)
provided by wikipedia CA
![src=]()
Peix eriçó a Océanopolis,
Brest
![src=]()
Exemplar dissecat al Fort Napoléon de Guadaloupe
![src=]()
Peix eriçó a l'aquàrium de Praga
El peix eriçó (Diodon holocanthus) és una espècie de peix de la família dels diodòntids i de l'ordre dels tetraodontiformes.
Morfologia
- Els mascles poden assolir 50 cm de longitud total.[5]
Alimentació
Menja mol·luscs, eriçons de mar i crancs durant la nit.[6]
Hàbitat
És un peix marí, de clima subtropical i associat als esculls de corall que viu entre 2-200 m de fondària.[5][7]
Distribució geogràfica
Es troba als oceans Atlàntic, Índic i Pacífic.[5][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]
Costums
És un peix solitari.[5]
Interès comercial
És emprat en la medicina tradicional xinesa.[50]
Observacions
N'hi ha informes d'enverinament per ciguatera.[51]
Referències
-
↑ Linnaeus C., 1758. Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata.) Holmiae. Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1. i-ii + 1-824.
-
↑ BioLib (anglès)
-
↑ Linnaeus, C., 1758. Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata.) Holmiae. Systema Naturae, Ed. X. v. 1: i-ii + 1-824.
-
↑ «Diodon holocanthus». Catalogue of Life. (anglès) (anglès)
-
↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 FishBase (anglès)
-
↑ * Leis, J.M., 2001. Diodontidae. Porcupine fishes (burrfishes). p. 3958-3965. A: K.E. Carpenter i V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae). FAO, Roma.
-
↑ Scott, W.B. i M.G. Scott, 1988. Atlantic fishes of Canada. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 219: 731 p.
-
↑ Afonso, P., F.M. Porteiro, R.S. Santos, J.P. Barreiros, J. Worms i P. Wirtz, 1999. Coastal marine fishes of São Tomé Island (Gulf of Guinea). Arquipélago 17(A):65-92.
-
↑ Allen, G.R. i D.R. Robertson, 1994. Fishes of the tropical eastern Pacific. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu. 332 p.
-
↑ Allen, G.R. i M. Adrim, 2003. Coral reef fishes of Indonesia. Zool. Stud. 42(1):1-72.
-
↑ Bianchi, G., 1985. FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine and brackish-water species of Tanzania. Prepared and published with the support of TCP/URT/4406 and FAO (FIRM) Regular Programme. FAO, Roma, Itàlia. 199 p.
-
↑ Bianchi, G., K.E. Carpenter, J.-P. Roux, F.J. Molloy, D. Boyer i H.J. Boyer, 1993. FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of Namibia. FAO, Roma, Itàlia. 250 p.
-
↑ Bouchon-Navaro, Y. i M. Louis, 1986. Les poissons des formations corallienes de la Martinique. Ann. Inst. Océanogr., Paris 62(2):251-270.
-
↑ Béarez, P., 1996. Lista de los peces marinos del Ecuador continental. Rev. Biol. Trop. 44(2):731-741.
-
↑ Böhlke, J.E. i C.C.G. Chaplin, 1993. Fishes of the Bahamas and adjacent tropical waters. Segona edició. University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas, Estats Units.
-
↑ Caldwell, K.D., 1966. Marine and freshwater fishes of Jamaica. Bull. Inst. Jamaica (17):7-109.
-
↑ Claro, R., 1994. Características generales de la ictiofauna. p. 55-70. A R. Claro (ed.) Ecología de los peces marinos de Cuba. Instituto de Oceanología Academia de Ciencias de Cuba i Centro de Investigaciones de Quintana Roo.
-
↑ Claro, R. i L.R. Parenti, 2001. The marine ichthyofauna of Cuba. p. 21-57. A Claro, R., K.C. Lindeman i L.R. Parenti (eds) Ecology of the marine fishes of Cuba. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington i Londres. 253p.
-
↑ Cornic, A., 1987. Poissons de l'Ile Maurice. Editions de l'Océan Indien, Stanley Rose Hill, Maurici. 335 p.
-
↑ Fedoryako, B.I., 1980. The Ichthyofauna of the surface waters of Sargasso sea south-west of Bermuda. J.Ichthyol. 20(4):1-9.
-
↑ Gloerfelt-Tarp, T. i P.J. Kailola, 1984. Trawled fishes of southern Indonesia and northwestern Australia. Australian Development Assistance Bureau, Austràlia, Directorate General of Fishes, Indonèsia i German Agency for Technical Cooperation, República Federal d'Alemanya. 407 p.
-
↑ Herre, A.W.C.T., 1953. Check list of Philippine fishes. Res. Rep. U.S. Fish Wild. Serv., (20):977 p.
-
↑ Huang, Z., 2001. Marine species and their distribution in China's seas. p. 404- 463. Vertebrata. Smithsonian Institution, Florida, Estats Units. 598 p.
-
↑ Humann, P., 1994. Reef fish identification: Florida, Caribbean, Bahamas. New World Publications, Jacksonville, Florida, Estats Units. 426 p.
-
↑ Johnson, J.W., 1999. Annotated checklist of the fishes of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 43(2):709-762.
-
↑ Kailola, P.J., 1991. The fishes of Papua New Guinea: a revised and annotated checklist. Vol. III. Gobiidae to Molidae. Research Bulletin Núm. 41, Research Section, Dept. of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Papua Nova Guinea. 153 p.
-
↑ Kapoor, D., R. Dayal i A.G. Ponniah, 2002. Fish biodiversity of India. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources Lucknow, Índia. 775 p.
-
↑ Kim, I.S., Y. Choi, C.L. Lee, Y.J. Lee, B.J. Kim i J.H. Kim, 2005. Illustrated book of Korean fishes. Kyo-Hak Pub Co. Seül, Corea del Sud. 615p.
-
↑ Kuiter, R.H. i T. Tonozuka, 2001. Pictorial guide to Indonesian reef fishes. Part 3. Jawfishes - Sunfishes, Opistognathidae - Molidae. Zoonetics, Austràlia. 623 - 893.
-
↑ Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro i K. Pothin, 2004. An updated checklist of the marine fish fauna of Reunion Island, south-western Indian Ocean. Cybium 28(3):199-216.
-
↑ Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno i T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tòquio, Japó. 437 p.
-
↑ Mohsin, A.K.M. i M.A. Ambak, 1996. Marine fishes and fisheries of Malaysia and neighbouring countries. University of Pertanian Malaysia Press, Serdang, Malàisia. 744 p.
-
↑ Monkolprasit, S., S. Sontirat, S. Vimollohakarn i T. Songsirikul, 1997. Checklist of Fishes in Thailand. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok, Tailàndia. 353 p.
-
↑ Mundy, B.C., 2005. Checklist of the fishes of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Museum Bulletins in Zoology. Bishop Mus. Bull. Zool. (6):1-704.
-
↑ Murdy, E.O., C.J. Ferraris, Jr., D.I. Hoese i R.C. Steene, 1981. Preliminary list of fishes from Sombrero Island, Philippines, with fifteen new records. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 94(4):1163-1173.
-
↑ Myers, R.F., 1999. Micronesian reef fishes: a comprehensive guide to the coral reef fishes of Micronesia. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 330 p.
-
↑ Pequeño, G., 1989. Peces de Chile. Lista sistemática revisada y comentada. Rev. Biol. Mar., Valparaiso 24(2):1-132.
-
↑ Ramjohn, D.D. 1999. Checklist of coastal and marine fishes of Trinidad and Tobago. Marine Fishery Analysis Unit, Fisheries Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Marine Resources, Trinitat i Tobago. Fisheries Information Series 8, 151 p.
-
↑ Randall, J.E., 1995. Coastal fishes of Oman. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 439 p.
-
↑ Randall, J.E., 1996: Caribbean reef fishes. 3a edició. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Hong Kong. 368 p.
-
↑ Randall, J.E. i K.K.P. Lim (eds.), 2000. A checklist of the fishes of the South China Sea. Raffles Bull. Zool. Suppl. (8):569-667.
-
↑ Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen i R.C. Steene, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p.
-
↑ Randall, J.E., H. Ida, K. Kato, R.L. Pyle i J.L. Earle, 1997. Annotated checklist of inshore fishes of the Ogasawara Islands. Nat. Sci. Mus. Monogr. (11):1-74.
-
↑ Randall, J.E., J.T. Williams, D.G. Smith, M. Kulbicki, G.M. Tham, P. Labrosse, M. Kronen, E. Clua i B.S. Mann, 2003. Checklist of the shore and epipelagic fishes of Tonga. Atoll Res. Bull. Núms. 497-508.
-
↑ Robins, C.R. i G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Estats Units. 354 p.
-
↑ Smith, C.L., 1997. National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., Nova York, Estats Units. 720 p.
-
↑ Sommer, C., W. Schneider i J.-M. Poutiers, 1996. FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of Somalia. FAO, Roma, Itàlia. 376 p.
-
↑ Tinker, S.W., 1978. Fishes of Hawaii, a handbook of the marine fishes of Hawaii and the Central Pacific Ocean. Hawaiian Service Inc., Honolulu. 568 p.
-
↑ Zajonz, U., M. Khalaf i F. Krupp, 2000. Coastal fish assemblages of the Socotra Archipelago. p.127-170. A Conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity of Socotra Archipelago: marine habitat, biodiversity and fisheries surveys and management. Progress Report of Phase III. Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt, Alemanya.
-
↑ Tang, W.-C., 1987. Chinese medicinal materials from the sea. Abstracts of Chinese Medicine 1(4):571-600.
-
↑ Olsen, D.A., D.W. Nellis i R.S. Wood, 1984. Ciguatera in the Eastern Caribbean. Mar. Fish. Rev. 46(1):13-18.
Bibliografia
- Anònim, 2000. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, Sud-àfrica. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, Sud-àfrica.
- Anònim, 2001. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution - Division of Fishes.
- Anònim, 2002. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West, NY 10024-5192, Estats Units.
- Breder, C.M. i D.E. Rosen, 1966. Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City (Estats Units). 941 p.
- Doiphode, P.V., 1985. Local and scientific names of fishes of Goa. Seafood Export J. 17(3):35-40.
- Duron, M. i J.C. Queró, 1990. Diodontidae. p. 1073-1076. A: J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post i L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisboa; SEI, París; i UNESCO, París. Vol. 2.
- Eschmeyer, William N.: Genera of Recent Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, Califòrnia, Estats Units. iii + 697. ISBN 0-940228-23-8 (1990).
- Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, núm. 1, vol. 1-3. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, Califòrnia, Estats Units. ISBN 0-940228-47-5.
- Ganaden, S.R. i F. Lavapie-Gonzales, 1999. Common and local names of marine fishes of the Philippines. Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Filipines. 385 p.
- Hardy, J.D. Jr., 2003. Coral reef fish species. NOAANational Oceanographic Data Center. NODC Coral Reef Data and Information Management System. Estats Units. 537 p.
- Helfman, G., B. Collette i D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts (Estats Units), 1997.
- Leis, J. M., 1978: Systematics and zoogeography of the porcupinefishes (Diodon, Diodontidae, Tetraodontiformes), with comments on egg and larval development. United States National Marine Fisheries Service Fishery Bulletin v. 76 (núm. 3): 535-567.
- Leis, J.M., 2002. Diodontidae. Porcupinefishes (burrfishes, spiny puffers). p. 2007-2013. A: K.E. Carpenter (ed.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Vol. 3: Bony fishes part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae).
- Moyle, P. i J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a edició, Upper Saddle River, Nova Jersey, Estats Units: Prentice-Hall. Any 2000.
- Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea i J.D. Williams, 2004. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland, Estats Units.
- Nelson, J.S. 2006: Fishes of the world. Quarta edició. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, Nova Jersey, Estats Units. 601 p.
- Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea i W.B. Scott, 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Pub. (20):183 p.
- Tyler, J.C., 1978. Diodontidae. A: W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Vol. 2. (pag.var.). FAO, Roma, Itàlia.
- Weitkamp, D.E. i R.D. Sullivan, 1939. Fishes. The John Murray Expedition 1933-1934. Sci. Reports, John Murray Exped., 25 Nov., v. 7 (núm. 1): 1-116.
- Wheeler, A., 1977. Das grosse Buch der Fische. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co. Stuttgart. 356 p.
- Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a edició, Londres: Macdonald. Any 1985.
Enllaços externs
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Peix eriçó
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Peix eriçó: Brief Summary
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![src=]()
Foto d'un exemplar als
cais de Florida ![src=]()
Peix eriçó a Océanopolis,
Brest ![src=]()
Exemplar dissecat al Fort Napoléon de Guadaloupe
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Peix eriçó a l'aquàrium de Praga
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Vista frontal
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Peix eriçó (esquerra) i
Cephalopholis argus (dreta)
El peix eriçó (Diodon holocanthus) és una espècie de peix de la família dels diodòntids i de l'ordre dels tetraodontiformes.
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Braunflecken-Igelfisch
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Der Braunflecken-Igelfisch (Diodon holocanthus[1]) kommt circumtropisch sowohl im Indopazifik als auch im tropischen und subtropischen Atlantik vor. Im Westatlantik reicht sein Verbreitungsgebiet von Kanada über die Bermudas bis an die Küste Brasiliens. Im östlichen Atlantik findet man ihn zwischen 30° nördlicher Breite und 23° südlicher Breite und an der Küste Südafrikas. Außerdem kommt er im südlichen Roten Meer und im Indischen Ozean bei Madagaskar, Mauritius und Réunion vor. Im Pazifik lebt er vom südlichen Japan bis zur Lord-Howe-Insel und bis nach Hawaii, an der Pazifikküste Amerikas vom südlichen Kalifornien bis nach Kolumbien und bei den Osterinseln.
Merkmale
Braunflecken-Igelfische werden einen halben Meter lang. Vom ähnlichen Masken-Igelfisch (Diodon liturosus) unterscheiden sie sich durch braune Querbänder und vier schwarze Flecken auf dem Rücken. Das erste Querband zieht sich über die Stirn von einem Auge zum anderen. Bei der atlantischen Population sind die Flecken nicht sehr deutlich ausgebildet. Sie haben stattdessen eine große Anzahl schwarzer Tupfen. Bei den pelagischen Jungfischen tragen auch die Flossen Flecken, die der Alten sind fleckenlos. Ihre langen, scharfen Stacheln tragen sie für gewöhnlich nach rückwärts umgelegt. Erst wenn sie sich aufblasen, richten sich die Stacheln auf. Die Stacheln haben dreiteilige Wurzeln. Zwischen der Schnauze und dem Beginn der Rückenflosse haben sie 14 bis 16 Stacheln. Die Zähne in Ober- und Unterkiefer sind ohne sichtbaren Übergang zusammengewachsen.
Flossenformel: Dorsale 13–15, Anale 13–15
Lebensweise
Braunflecken-Igelfische sind nachtaktiv und leben einzelgängerisch über Küstenriffen, Felsböden oder weichen Böden in sehr flachem Wasser bis in 15 Meter Tiefe. Jungfische bis zu einer Länge von sechs bis neun Zentimetern leben pelagisch oder halten sich unter treibenden Sargassum-Tangen auf und bilden auch kleine Gruppen. Braunflecken-Igelfische ernähren sich von hartschaligen, wirbellosen Tieren, wie Schnecken, Muscheln, Seeigeln, Krabben und Einsiedlerkrebsen. Sie sind schlechte Schwimmer.
Literatur
- Baensch, Patzner: Mergus Meerwasser-Atlas Band 6 Non-Perciformes (Nicht-Barschartige). Mergus-Verlag, Melle, ISBN 3-88244-116-X
- Ewald Lieske, Robert F. Myers: Korallenfische der Welt. Jahr Top Special Verlag Hamburg, ISBN 3-86132-112-2
- Dieter Eichler, Robert F. Myers: Korallenfische Indopazifik. Jahr-Verlag GmbG & Co., ISBN 3-86132-225-0
Anmerkung
-
↑ holocanthus wäre richtig holacanthus zu schreiben: "ganz Stachel"; s. Holacanthus.
Weblinks
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Braunflecken-Igelfisch: Brief Summary
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Museumsstück Naturalis
Der Braunflecken-Igelfisch (Diodon holocanthus) kommt circumtropisch sowohl im Indopazifik als auch im tropischen und subtropischen Atlantik vor. Im Westatlantik reicht sein Verbreitungsgebiet von Kanada über die Bermudas bis an die Küste Brasiliens. Im östlichen Atlantik findet man ihn zwischen 30° nördlicher Breite und 23° südlicher Breite und an der Küste Südafrikas. Außerdem kommt er im südlichen Roten Meer und im Indischen Ozean bei Madagaskar, Mauritius und Réunion vor. Im Pazifik lebt er vom südlichen Japan bis zur Lord-Howe-Insel und bis nach Hawaii, an der Pazifikküste Amerikas vom südlichen Kalifornien bis nach Kolumbien und bei den Osterinseln.
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Long-spine porcupinefish
provided by wikipedia EN
The long-spine porcupinefish (Diodon holocanthus), also known as the freckled porcupinefish among other vernacular names, is a species of marine fish in the family Diodontidae.[2]
Description
Conventional and X-ray images of Diodon holocanthus
The long-spine porcupinefish is pale in color with large black blotches and smaller black spots; these spots becoming fewer in number with age. It has many long, two-rooted depressible spines particularly on its head. The teeth of the two jaws are fused into a parrot-like "beak". Adults may reach 50 cm (20 in) in length.[3] The only other fish with which it might be confused is the black-blotched porcupinefish (Diodon liturosus), but it has much longer spines than that species.[4]
Diet
The long-spine porcupine fish is an omnivore that feeds on mollusks, sea urchins, hermit crabs, snails, and crabs during its active phase at night.[5] They use their beak combined with plates on the roof of their mouths to crush their prey such as mollusks and sea urchins that would otherwise be indigestible.[6][7]
Distribution
The long-spine porcupinefish has a circumtropical distribution, being found in the tropical zones of major seas and oceans:
Habitat
They are found over the muddy sea bottom, in estuaries, in lagoons or on coral and rocky reefs around the world in tropical and subtropical seas.[9]
Spawning
Spawns at the surface at dawn or at dusk in pairs or in groups of males with a single female; the juveniles remain pelagic until they are at least 7 cm (3 in) long.[3] Young and sub-adult fish sometimes occur in groups.
References
-
^ Leis, J.L., Matsuura, K., Shao, K.-T., Hardy, G., Zapfe, G., Liu, M., Jing, L., Tyler, J. & Robertson, R. (2015). Diodon holocanthus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T193817A2282138.en
-
^ "Common Names List – Diodon holocanthus". FishBase. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
-
^ a b Lieske, E. and Myers, R.F. (2004) Coral reef guide; Red Sea London, HarperCollins ISBN 0-00-715986-2
-
^ "Black-blotched porcupinefish: Diodon liturosus Shaw, 1804". Australian Museum. Retrieved 2013-12-15.
-
^ Leis, J.M., 2001. Diodontidae. Porcupine fishes (burrfishes). p. 3958-3965. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome.
-
^ "Porcupinefishes". Australian museum. Retrieved 2013-12-15.
-
^ Tristan Lougher (2006). What Fish?: A Buyer's Guide to Marine Fish. Interpet Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84286-118-9.
-
^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2007). "diodon holocanthus" in FishBase. 6 2007 version.
-
^ Kuiter, R.H. and T. Tonozuka, (2001). Pictorial guide to Indonesian reef fishes. Part 3. Jawfishes – Sunfishes, Opistognathidae – Molidae. Zoonetics, Australia. pp. 623–893.
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Long-spine porcupinefish: Brief Summary
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The long-spine porcupinefish (Diodon holocanthus), also known as the freckled porcupinefish among other vernacular names, is a species of marine fish in the family Diodontidae.
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Diodon holocanthus
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El pez globo espinoso (Diodon holocanthus) es una especie de peces de la familia Diodontidae, orden Tetraodontiformes. Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 50 cm de longitud total.[1]
Se alimenta de moluscos, erizos de mar y cangrejos durante la noche. Es un pez de mar de clima tropical y asociado a los arrecifes de coral que vive entre los 2 y los 200 m de profundidad de los océanos Atlántico, Índico y Pacífico.
Referencias
Bibliografía
- Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, núm. 1, vol. 1-3. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, California, Estados Unidos. 2905. ISBN 0-940228-47-5.
- Fenner, Robert M.: The Conscientious Marine Aquarist. Neptune City, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos : T.F.H. Publications, 2001.
- Helfman, G., B. Collette y D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts, Estados Unidos , 1997.
- Moyle, P. y J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a. edición, Upper Saddle River, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos: Prentice-Hall. Año 2000.
- Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a. edición. Nueva York, Estados Unidos: John Wiley and Sons. Año 1994.
- Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a. edición, Londres: Macdonald. Año 1985.
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Diodon holocanthus: Brief Summary
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Spanish; Castilian
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provided by wikipedia ES
El pez globo espinoso (Diodon holocanthus) es una especie de peces de la familia Diodontidae, orden Tetraodontiformes. Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 50 cm de longitud total.
Se alimenta de moluscos, erizos de mar y cangrejos durante la noche. Es un pez de mar de clima tropical y asociado a los arrecifes de coral que vive entre los 2 y los 200 m de profundidad de los océanos Atlántico, Índico y Pacífico.
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Diodon holocanthus
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(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Diodon holocanthus: Brief Summary
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Basque
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provided by wikipedia EU
Diodon holocanthus Diodon generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Diodontidae familian sailkatzen da.
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Poisson-hérisson tacheté
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Diodon holocanthus • Poisson porc-épic à taches, Poisson porc-épic ballon
Diodon holocanthus, communément nommé Poisson porc-épic à taches[1] ou Poisson porc-épic ballon[2] ou Poisson-hérisson[3], est une espèce de poissons marins de la famille des Diodontidae.
Localité
Le Poisson porc-épic à taches a une distribution circumtropicale.[4] (océan Indien, océan Atlantique, océan Pacifique). il vit dans les récifs coralliens mais aussi sur les fonds ouverts de la surface de l'eau à 100m de profondeur.
Description
![src=]()
Diodon holocanthus (Sulawesi, Indonésie)
Sa taille maximale est de 50 cm et sa taille commune est de 15 cm[4]. Il est brun au-dessus et jaune au-dessous[5].
Ce poisson épineux peut, en aspirant de l'eau, gonfler son corps et prendre l'apparence d'une boule d'épines, stratégie dissuasive contre les prédateurs. Ces piquants peuvent mesurer jusqu'à 5 cm.
Le poisson-hérisson casse les coquilles et coquillages, les tests et les carapaces, avec son bec (de puissantes mâchoires munies de dents) pour se nourrir de gastéropodes, polypes (coraux), oursins, crabes[6] et autres mollusques[7].
Diodon holocanthus (Sulawesi, Indonésie)
Spécimen naturalisé dans un musée
Synonymes taxonomiques
- Atopomycterus bocagei Steindachner, 1866
- Diodon holacanthus Linnaeus, 1758
- Diodon hystrix holocanthus Linnaeus, 1758
- Diodon maculifer Kaup, 1855
- Diodon multimaculatus Cuvier, 1818
- Diodon novemaculatus Cuvier, 1818
- Diodon novemmaculatus Cuvier, 1818
- Diodon paraholocanthus Kotthaus, 1979
- Diodon pilosus Mitchill, 1815
- Diodon quadrimaculatus Cuvier, 1818
- Diodon sexmaculatus Cuvier, 1818
- Paradiodon quadrimaculatus (Cuvier, 1818)
- Trichodiodon pilosus (Mitchill, 1815)
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Poisson-hérisson tacheté: Brief Summary
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Diodon holocanthus • Poisson porc-épic à taches, Poisson porc-épic ballon
Diodon holocanthus, communément nommé Poisson porc-épic à taches ou Poisson porc-épic ballon ou Poisson-hérisson, est une espèce de poissons marins de la famille des Diodontidae.
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Diodon holocanthus
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Italian
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provided by wikipedia IT
Diodon holocanthus, comunemente conosciuto come pesce istrice o pesce porcospino, è un pesce d'acqua salata appartenente alla famiglia Diodontidae.
Distribuzione e habitat
Questa specie è diffusa nella fascia tropicale di tutti gli oceani della Terra, lungo le barriere coralline oceaniche.
Descrizione
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Un esemplare in atteggiamento difensivo
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Esemplare da museo Naturalis
Presenta un corpo ovaloide, a sezione tondeggiante, con grossa testa e muso provvisto di becco coriaceo. La pinna dorsale e quella anale sono situate molto indietro, quasi sul peduncolo caudale; la testa e tutto il corpo sono ricoperti di spine erettili a doppia radice. La livrea presenta un colore di fondo sabbia o bianco sporco, puntinato di marrone. La testa e gli occhi sono attraversati da una fascia irregolare marrone. Raggiunge una lunghezza massima di 50 cm.
In caso di pericolo il pesce inghiotte rapidamente dell'acqua gonfiandosi enormemente ed inarcando gli aculei ossei che ricoprono la sua pelle cuoiosa, assumendo una forma tondeggiante a riccio. Questa operazione non è senza conseguenze per l'organismo del pesce istrice, che può subire alcuni danni agli organi interni.
Riproduzione
La fecondazione è esterna, essendo una specie ovipara. La deposizione avviene tra maggio e giugno.
Alimentazione
Questa specie si nutre di molluschi, granchi e ricci di mare.
Pesca e usi
La pesca del pesce istrice non è molto diffusa se non in Cina, dove il corpo del pesce disseccato è utilizzato nella medicina cinese.
Acquariofilia
Deve vivere in acquari ampi per poter nuotare liberamente. Occorrono circa 150 litri per un Diodon piccolo, circa 300 litri per uno grande. È resistente alle malattie, a causa del suo appetito sono consigliabili frequenti ed abbondanti cambi parziali di acqua con sifonatura del fondo, trattamenti con ozono ed aggiunte regolari di oligoelementi e vitamine.
Pericoli
D. holocanthus è causa di avvelenamenti da ciguatera in caso di ingestione di carni infette.
Nella cultura di massa
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Diodon holocanthus: Brief Summary
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Diodon holocanthus, comunemente conosciuto come pesce istrice o pesce porcospino, è un pesce d'acqua salata appartenente alla famiglia Diodontidae.
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Ballonegelvis
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Vissen De ballonegelvis of bruine egelvis (Diodon holocanthus) is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van egelvissen (Diodontidae).[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1758 door Linnaeus.
Kenmerken
Deze 30 cm lange vis heeft een bruine rug en een gele buik met een stekelig pantser. Hij heeft krachtige kaken met vergroeide tanden en uitpuilende ogen. De stekels liggen normaal plat tegen het lichaam, maar bij gevaar kunnen ze worden opgezet. Dat doet de egelvis door snel water in te slikken, waarbij zijn lichaam opzwelt tot een gespannen bol met rechtopstaande stekels, dat uiteraard wel een belemmering vormen bij het zwemmen. Hij raakt ook weleens in netten verstrikt. Het vlees van de egelvis is giftig.
Leefwijze
Het voedsel van deze vis bestaat in hoofdzaak uit schelpdieren en andere ongewervelden.
Verspreiding en leefgebied
Deze soort komt wereldwijd voor in tropische en subtropische zeeën.
![src=]()
Museumexemplaar Naturalis
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David Burnie (2001) - Animals, Dorling Kindersley Limited, London. ISBN 90-18-01564-4 (naar het Nederlands vertaald door Jaap Bouwman en Henk J. Nieuwenkamp).
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Ballonegelvis: Brief Summary
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De ballonegelvis of bruine egelvis (Diodon holocanthus) is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van egelvissen (Diodontidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1758 door Linnaeus.
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Diodon holocanthus
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Diodon holocanthus: Brief Summary
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Portuguese
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O peixe-balão-de-espinhos-longos (Diodon holocanthus) é um peixe-balão do gênero Diodon. Os adultos têm manchas escuras no dorso e pintas entre elas; há ausência de pintas nas barbatanas.
Os adultos podem chegar a 50 cm (20 polegadas) de comprimento.
Alimentam-se de moluscos, ouriços do mar, caranguejos eremitas, caracóis, e caranguejos durante sua fase ativa à noite.
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Pește balon
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Peștele balon, numit Diodon holocanthus, este o specie de pește care nu rezistă mai mult de 5 secunde fără apă . Această specie de pește trăiește de peste 39.000 de ani. Acesta, fiind scos din mediul acvatic, va inhala apă și se va umfla efectiv. Este unul dintre cele mai respingătoare animale. Se găsește de-a lungul coastei Pacificului, în Caraibe și în estul Asiei.
Este recomandat să nu fie enervat deoarece poate fi extrem de dur cu specia umană.
Pește balon: Brief Summary
(
Romanian; Moldavian; Moldovan
)
provided by wikipedia RO
Peștele balon, numit Diodon holocanthus, este o specie de pește care nu rezistă mai mult de 5 secunde fără apă . Această specie de pește trăiește de peste 39.000 de ani. Acesta, fiind scos din mediul acvatic, va inhala apă și se va umfla efectiv. Este unul dintre cele mai respingătoare animale. Se găsește de-a lungul coastei Pacificului, în Caraibe și în estul Asiei.
Este recomandat să nu fie enervat deoarece poate fi extrem de dur cu specia umană.
Cá nóc nhím gai dài
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Vietnamese
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provided by wikipedia VI
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Cá nóc nhím gai dài: Brief Summary
(
Vietnamese
)
provided by wikipedia VI
Cá nóc nhím gai dài (danh pháp hai phần: Diodon holocanthus) là một loài cá thuộc họ Cá nóc nhím. Nó ăn các loài động vật thân mềm, cầu gai, cua ẩn tu, ốc, và cua. Nó săn mồi về ban đêm. Trong Đông y, loài cá này được sử dụng là thuốc.
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Длинноиглая рыба-ёж
(
Russian
)
provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
Вид: Длинноиглая рыба-ёж
Международное научное название
Diodon holocanthus Linnaeus, 1758
Синонимы
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Atopomycterus bocagei Steindachner, 1866
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Diodon hystrix holocanthus Linnaeus, 1758
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Diodon maculifer Kaup, 1855
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Diodon multimaculatus Cuvier, 1818
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Diodon novemmaculatus Cuvier, 1818
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Diodon paraholocanthus Kotthaus, 1979
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Diodon pilosus Mitchill, 1815
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Diodon quadrimaculatus Cuvier, 1818
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Diodon sexmaculatus Cuvier, 1818
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Paradiodon quadrimaculatus (Cuvier, 1818)
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Trichodiodon pilosus (Mitchill, 1815)
Ареал
Охранный статус 
Систематика
на Викивидах
Изображения
на Викискладе ITIS 173392NCBI 229062EOL 225626 Длинноиглая рыба-ёж[1] (лат. Diodon holocanthus) — вид морских лучепёрых рыб семейства двузубых. Распространены в тропических и субтропических водах всех океанов.
Описание
Тело вытянутое, округлой формы, с гладкой кожей, покрытой длинными острыми шипиками, которые представляют собой видоизменённые чешуйки. Каждый шипик имеет два корня. Все шипики подвижные и могут подниматься на 90°. У рыб в спокойном состоянии шипики прижаты к телу. Длинноиглая рыба-ёж при опасности может наполнять водой растягивающийся желудок, причем все тело раздувается и принимает шаровидную форму, а шипики поднимаются. Голова сферической формы с большими глазами навыкате. Ширина головы укладывается 2,4—3,3 раза в стандартную длину тела. Рот большой и широкий, конечный и почти всегда открыт. Зубы слиты в пластины. Режущие пластины на верхней и нижней челюстях сплошные, то есть не разделены швом. Поэтому рот с челюстями и режущими пластинами напоминают клюв попугая. Жаберные отверстия небольшие, расположены у оснований грудных плавников[2].
Спинной и анальный плавники сдвинуты к хвостовому стеблю, не имеют колючих лучей. В спинном плавнике 13—15 мягких лучей, а в анальном — 13—15 мягких лучей. В грудных плавниках 21—24 мягких лучей. У взрослых особей эти плавники, а также хвостовой плавник, с закруглёнными краями. Брюшные плавники отсутствуют [2].
Длинноиглая рыба-ёж достигает максимальной длины тела 50 см, обычно около 15 см[3].
Кожа и внутренности длинноиглой рыбы-ёж ядовитые из-за накопления тетродотоксина[4].
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Голова длинноиглой рыбы-ёж
Размножение и развитие
Нерестятся у поверхности воды в открытых водах. Непосредственно перед нерестом самец медленно подталкивает самку к поверхности воды. Оплодотворение наружное. Икра сферической формы, диаметром 1,7—1,8 мм с 10—30 жировыми каплями желтоватого цвета, пелагическая[5]. Личинки вылупляются примерно через четыре дня. Они жёлтого цвета с разбросанными по телу красными пятнышками. Личинки в это время хорошо развиты, у них уже функционируют рот, глаза и плавательный пузырь. До десятидневного возраста личинки покрыты тонкой оболочкой, которая затем спадает и начинают развиваться шипики. Метаморфоз завершается через три недели после вылупления. Все плавники и их лучи уже появились, зубы сформированы. На мальковой стадии исчезает жёлтая и красная окраска, появляется оливковая и коричневая, характерная для взрослых особей. Появляются тёмные пятнышки на боках, которые служат камуфляжем для защиты от хищников. Молодь ведёт пелагический образ жизни, находя укрытия в плавающих саргасовых водорослях. После достижения длины 6—9 см молодь перемещается ближе к берегу и переходит на придонный образ жизни[2][6].
Ареал
Распространены в тропических и субтропических водах всех океанов. Индийский океан: от южной Африки до Красного моря, Шри-Ланка, Индия и все крупные группы островов. Отсутствуют в Персидском заливе. Западная Пацифика: от юга Японии до Австралии, включая Гавайские острова, острова Новая Каледония и Лорд-Хау. Восточная Пацифика: от юга Калифорнии до Перу, включая Калифорнийский залив и Галапагосские острова. Западная Атлантика: от юга Канады и Нью-Джерси вдоль побережья США до Бермудских и Багамских островов, Мексиканский залив, Карибское море и далее на юг вдоль побережья Южной Америки до Бразилии. Восточная Атлантика: вдоль побережья Африки от Сьерра-Леоне до Анголы, у островов Вознесения и Святой Елены[7].
Примечания
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↑ Решетников Ю. С., Котляр А. Н., Расс Т. С., Шатуновский М. И. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Рыбы. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1989. — С. 417. — 12 500 экз. — ISBN 5-200-00237-0.
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↑ 1 2 3 Leis, 2001, p. 3959—3961.
-
↑ Diodon holocanthus (англ.) в базе данных FishBase. (Проверено 25 марта 2018)
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↑ Massal Fall, Mbaye Mbengue, Khady Goudiaby Diouf, Hortense Koussaye. Technical note on the health risks associated with consumption of fish Tetraodontidae, Diodontidae and Molidae in Senegal // American journal of Research Communication. — 2013. — Vol. 1, № 3. — P. 61—67. — ISSN 2325-4076.
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↑ Lei, 1978, p. 538.
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↑ Balloonfish Diodon holocanthus (неопр.). на сайте Florida Museum of Natural History (Проверено 29 марта 2018)
-
↑ Diodon holocanthus (англ.). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. (Проверено 28 марта 2018)
Длинноиглая рыба-ёж: Brief Summary
(
Russian
)
provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
Длинноиглая рыба-ёж (лат. Diodon holocanthus) — вид морских лучепёрых рыб семейства двузубых. Распространены в тропических и субтропических водах всех океанов.
六斑二齒魨
(
Chinese
)
provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Diodon holocanthusLinnaeus, 1758[1] 六斑刺鲀（学名：Diodon holocanthus）为輻鰭魚綱魨形目二齒鲀科的一種，俗名刺乖、刺龟。该物种的模式产地在印度。[1]
分布
本魚分布全球各大洋亞熱帶海域。
深度
水深0至170公尺。
特徵
本魚體短寬，口內上下頷各具一枚發達的齒板，全身密布由鱗片特化的強棘。棘刺較長，身上密布小黑點並具6塊深褐色的大斑。與柴氏刺魨相似，但後者的大斑具白緣，且胸期與眼間具斑塊。背鰭軟條13至15枚；臀鰭軟條13至15枚，體長可達50公分。
生態
本魚棲息於礫石底質區域，游速慢，遇攻擊時會吸入大量海水將身體鼓脹成圓球狀，並豎起棘刺。屬肉食性，以底棲動物為食。春末夏初的繁殖期會大量聚集。
經濟利用
不宜食用，其内脏和生殖腺有毒。可做為觀賞魚。
参考文献
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^ 1.0 1.1 中国科学院动物研究所. 六斑刺鲀. 中国动物物种编目数据库. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-04-16]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-05）.
扩展阅读
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六斑二齒魨: Brief Summary
(
Chinese
)
provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
六斑刺鲀（学名：Diodon holocanthus）为輻鰭魚綱魨形目二齒鲀科的一種，俗名刺乖、刺龟。该物种的模式产地在印度。
Description
provided by World Register of Marine Species
Inhabits shallow reefs to open, soft bottoms to at least 100 m . Also in areas with rocky substrata. Sometimes forms groups (Ref. 9710). Juveniles pelagic to about 6-9 cm. Solitary. Feeds on molluscs, sea urchins, hermit crabs and crabs at night (Ref. 9680). A relatively poor swimmer (Ref. 9710).
Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2023). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (02/2023).
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Diet
provided by World Register of Marine Species
Feeds on mollusks, sea urchins, hermit crabs, and crabs at night
North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
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Distribution
provided by World Register of Marine Species
circumtropical in distribution; Western Atlantic: Near Georges Bank to Brazil
North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
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Habitat
provided by World Register of Marine Species
Inhabits shallow reefs to open, soft bottoms. Also in areas with rocky substrata. Sometimes forms groups.
North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
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Habitat
provided by World Register of Marine Species
benthic
North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
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Habitat
provided by World Register of Marine Species
Known from seamounts and knolls
Stocks, K. 2009. Seamounts Online: an online information system for seamount biology. Version 2009-1. World Wide Web electronic publication.
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