Red Tongue Sole

Found in the sublittoral zone (incl. semi-enclosed sea areas) on sandy mud bottoms (Ref. 11230).

fisheries: commercial

Cynoglossus joyneri Günther

Cynoglossus joyneri Günther, 1878:486 [type-locality: Tokei, Japan]; 1880:70 pl. 30; fig. A [Tokyo].—Otaki, 1897:25.—Wu, 1932:154; 1933:61 [Chefoo].—Wu and Wang. 1933:304 [China].—Chabanaud, 1951d:269.—Tchang, 1955:301, fig. 186.—Ochiai, 1959:208; 1963:88, pl. 18.—Chu, 1963:542, fig. 408.—Shen, 1967:211 [Kowloon].

Areliscus joyneri.—Jordan and Snyder, 1900:380 [Tokyo].—Jordan and Starks, 1906a:241 [Tokyo].—Smith and Pope, 1906:498 [Kochi].—Snyder. 1912:441 [Kagoshima].—Jordan, Tanaka and Snyder, 1913:336 [listed].—Jordan and Hubbs, 1925:302.—Kuroda, 1931:122.—Kamohara, 1938:62 [Tosa].—Kuronuma, 1939:83.—Yanai, 1950:22.—Kuroda, 1951:390.—Kamohara, 1952:85.—Honma, 1952:225.—Chen and Weng, 1965:100, fig. 70 [Tung Kong].

Cynoglossus (Areliscus) lighti Norman, 1925:270 [type-locality: Amoy and Wenchow].

Cynoglossus lighti.—Chu, 1931:95.—Wu, 1932:155 [Tang-Tchou and Amoy].—Chabanaud, 1951a:270.—Wang, 1933:63, fig. 30.

Trulla lighti.—Fowler, 1954b:216.—Chen, 1951:123.

Areliscus tenuis Oshima, 1927:201 [type-locality: Tainan].

Cynoglossus tshusanensis Chabanaud, 1951d:270 [type-locality: Tshusan Archipelago, China].

DESCRIPTION.—Based on 10 specimens, 193.0–199.0 mm SL.

Depth of body 20.28–43.64 (M = 25.88), length of head 18.86–40.00 (M = 23.75) percent of standard length. Diameter of eye 7.14–10.14 (M = 8.80), interorbital space 4.76–7.95 (M = 4.46) percent of length of head. Two nostrils on ocular side, anterior nostril tubular in front of lower eye, posterior nostril simple in anterior half of interorbital space. Snout obtusely pointed, 32.73–42.03 (M = 36.54) percent of length of head, rostral hook rather short and extending to front of anterior nostril. Maxillary extending well beyond posterior border of fixed eye; angle of mouth extending to almost below vertical from posterior half of fixed eye or even beyond, being more or less midway between tip of snout and branchial opening; tip of snout to angle of mouth 47.62–60.32 (M = 51.34), angle of mouth to branchial opening 47.06–63.49 (M = 52.26) percent of length of head.

Scales: Ctenoid on ocular side, including those of lateral lines; on the blind side scales are cycloid on head, weakly ctenoid on body.

Lateral-Line System: Usually three lateral lines on eyed side, the dorsolateral line undulates and runs backward along dorsal contour of body, usually entering dorsal fin along 7th ray counted from the rear, midlateral line with 66–72 (M = 70) scales, 11–12 (M = 12) scales between middle and upper lateral line, ventrolateral line usually present, entering anal fin along 5th to 7th ray counted from the rear. No lateral line on blind side.

Interlinear scale rows 11 12

Frequencies 1 8

Fins: Dorsal with 105–112 (M = 109) rays, anal with 81–85 (M = 83) rays, caudal 10 in 7 specimens (radiographs).

Vertebrae: 50–53 (M = 51) comprising 9 abdominal and 41–44 caudal elements in 7 specimens (radiograph).

Coloration: Upper side brownish, blind side yellowish white in preserved specimens.

Size: Largest specimen examined, 231.5 mm SL, is from Japan (BMNH 1878.4.5.94).

DISTRIBUTION.—From South China Sea through Taiwan, Tung-hai, Yellow Sea, Po-hai to Korea and Japan.

DIAGNOSIS AND

分布於西北太平洋區，由韓國、日本至南中國海。台灣北部及西部海域有產。

中小型魚類，通常以底拖網捕獲，一般以加工製品食之，數量多，具經濟價值。

體長舌形，極側扁；兩眼均位於左側，兩眼不相連。鼻孔兩個。口小，下位，口裂弧形；口角緣近於吻端；上頜向後達下眼後緣；眼側無齒，盲側具細小絨毛狀齒；鋤骨與腭骨無齒。眼側唇緣無觸鬚或穗狀物。鰓膜與峽部分離。眼側被櫛鱗，盲側體被弱櫛鱗，頭部被圓鱗；眼側具3條側線，側線鱗數71-78。背鰭與臀鰭與尾鰭相連；無胸鰭；腹鰭與臀鰭相連；尾鰭尖形。背鰭、臀鰭與尾鰭相連；無胸鰭；腹鰭與臀鰭相連；尾鰭尖形；背鰭軟條數 107-116；臀鰭軟條數 85-90；腹鰭軟條數 4；尾鰭軟條數 10；脊椎骨數50-55。眼側淡紅褐色至黃褐色，鱗片中央具暗色點而形成縱紋，鰭為淡黃色；盲側白色，鰭淡灰白色。

棲息於近海大陸棚泥沙底質海域。以底棲之無脊椎動物，如多毛類及甲殼類等為食。