Image of African Penguin

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African Penguin

Spheniscus demersus (Linnaeus 1758)

body mass

Sibly et al 2012

3133 g

(adult)

developmental mode

Sibly et al 2012
semiprecocial
URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/semiprecocial

Definition: Parent(s) provide food but not thermoregulation (e.g., gulls and terns)

Attribution: Richard M. Sibly, Christopher C. Witt, Natalie A. Wright, Chris Venditti, Walter Jetz, and James H. Brown. 2012. Energetics, lifestyle, and reproduction in birds. PNAS 109(27):10937-10941, doi:10.1073/pnas.1206512109

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foraging habitat

Sibly et al 2012
marine pelagic
URI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000023

Definition: The marine pelagic biome (pelagic meaning open sea) is that of the marine water column, from the surface to the greatest depths.

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foraging time

Sibly et al 2012
diurnal
URI: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q906470

Definition: animal behavior characterized by activity during the day, with a period of inactivity at night.

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log10 productivity

Sibly et al 2012

-1.006

migration

Sibly et al 2012
migratory
URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/migratory

Definition: makes regular daily or seasonal movements between different regions or habitats

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nest type

Sibly et al 2012
cavity
URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/nestCavity

Definition: The nest is placed in a cavity with a narrow/protected entrance.

Attribution: Richard M. Sibly, Christopher C. Witt, Natalie A. Wright, Chris Venditti, Walter Jetz, and James H. Brown. 2012. Energetics, lifestyle, and reproduction in birds. PNAS 109(27):10937-10941, doi:10.1073/pnas.1206512109

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parental care

Sibly et al 2012
pair provides care
URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/parentalCarePair

Definition: Both parents feed and nurture offspring.

Attribution: Richard M. Sibly, Christopher C. Witt, Natalie A. Wright, Chris Venditti, Walter Jetz, and James H. Brown. 2012. Energetics, lifestyle, and reproduction in birds. PNAS 109(27):10937-10941, doi:10.1073/pnas.1206512109

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trophic guild

Sibly et al 2012
vertivore
URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/vertivore

Definition: carnivorous animal which eats primarily vertebrates

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(adult)