Eastern Towhee

Pipilo erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758)

are eaten by

• Global Biotic Interactions: Strix varia Barton 1799 (Barred Owl)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Asio flammeus (Pontoppidan 1763) (Short-eared Owl)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Buteo platypterus (Vieillot 1823) (Broad-winged Hawk)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Megascops asio (Linnaeus 1758) (Eastern Screech Owl)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Buteo platypterus (Vieillot 1823) (Broad-winged Hawk)

are host of

• Global Biotic Interactions: Bat coronavirus HKU6
• Global Biotic Interactions: Tete orthobunyavirus
• Global Biotic Interactions: Tete orthobunyavirus
• Global Biotic Interactions: Highlands J virus
• Global Biotic Interactions: Eastern equine encephalitis virus

are parasitized by

• Global Biotic Interactions: Eutrombicula cinnabaris
• Global Biotic Interactions: Eutrombicula cinnabaris
• Global Biotic Interactions: Eutrombicula cinnabaris
• Global Biotic Interactions: Eutrombicula cinnabaris
• Global Biotic Interactions: Eutrombicula cinnabaris

are preyed upon by

• Global Biotic Interactions: Pantherophis spiloides (A. M. C. Duméril, Bibron & A. H. A. Duméril 1854)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Crotalus atrox Baird & Girard 1853 (Western Diamond-backed Rattlesnake)

eat

• Global Biotic Interactions: Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze (eastern poison ivy)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Celastrus orbiculatus C. P. Thunberg ex A. Murray (Oriental bittersweet)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Smilax rotundifolia L. (common greenbrier)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Lindera benzoin (L.) Meisn. (northern spicebush)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Lonicera japonica Thunb. (Japanese honeysuckle)

have ectoparasite

• Global Biotic Interactions: Penenirmus quadripustulatus (Kellogg & Mann 1912)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Ricinus subhastatus (Durrant 1906)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Machaerilaemus maestus (Kellogg & B. L. Chapman 1899)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Myrsidea melanorum (Kellogg 1896)
• Global Biotic Interactions: Ricinus fringillae de Geer 1778

have pathogen

• Global Biotic Interactions: Tete orthobunyavirus
• Global Biotic Interactions: Borreliella americana
• Global Biotic Interactions: Tete orthobunyavirus
• Global Biotic Interactions: Borreliella americana
• Global Biotic Interactions: Borreliella americana

prey on

• Global Biotic Interactions: Plethodon cinereus (Green 1818) (Eastern Red-backed Salamander)

visit

• Global Biotic Interactions: Juniperus virginiana L. (Eastern Juniper)