Chinese Pond Turtle

The Chinese pond turtle mates in spring, with nesting occurring in June and July, and up to three clutches of four to nine eggs are laid each season. Newly hatched young in Japan reportedly spend the winter in the nest and emerge in March or April the following spring (2). This is an omnivorous species that feeds on aquatic plants and fruits as well as worms, aquatic insects, frogs and fishes (2).

Its listing on Appendix III of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) in China helps regulate the number of Chinese pond turtles that can be exported (3). Fortunately, this species breeds well in captivity and captive-bred individuals now supply much of the demand in the pet market (4).

The diminutive Chinese pond turtle has a somewhat rectangular upper shell (carapace) with three distinct keels, or ridges, running down its length, which become worn and less pronounced with age (4) (5). The upper shell typically ranges from tan to dark brown (4) (5), while the skin is usually grey-green with yellowish spots and a distinctive pattern of yellow stripes running along the sides of the head and neck (5) (6). However, the shell and skin of melanistic individuals may be completely black and lack this striping (2) (6). Melanism occurs very rarely in females, but is common in older males. The lower shell (plastron) is generally yellow with a large brown blotch on each scute, but is dark brown or black in melanistic individuals (2).

Usually found in relatively shallow ponds, marshes, streams and canals that have muddy or sandy bottoms (2) (5). These semi-aquatic turtles will frequently leave the water to bask on rocks or logs (5).

Recorded from mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan and Korea (5).

Classified as Endangered (EN) on the IUCN Red List 2007 (1) and listed on Appendix III of CITES in China (3).

The Chinese pond turtle makes a popular pet and this has led to its over-collection in China, where the species is also eaten. Elsewhere, the turtle is considered to be under little risk (2).

Continent: Asia
Distribution: China (Nanking region, Hubei, Henan, Hebei, Jiangxi, Hunan), SW North Korea, NW South Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku, Honshu)
Type locality: "hillsides of the vicinity of Nanking City," Jiangsu Province, China.

Continent: Asia
Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Kyushu) [?], Korea, Taiwan, China (south of the Yangtze River west to Canton: Sichuan, Shaanxi, Hubei, Henan, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hong Kong, Fujian), Timor-Leste. "The three main islands of Honshu, Kyushu, and Shikoku, and many of the smaller offshore islands, including Sadogashima, Oki, Tsushima, Iki, Awajishima, and the Goto Archipelago (Goris and Maeda 2004: 139)
Type locality: œChina megalocephala: China (Nanking region, Hubei, Henan, Hebei, Jiangxi, Hunan), SW North Korea, NW South Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku, Honshu);
Type locality: "hillsides of the vicinity of Nanking City," Jiangsu Province, China. Type: MASN, according to Fang 1934.

The Chinese broad-headed pond turtle (Mauremys megalocephala) is a species of turtle in the family Geoemydidae. It is endemic to China.