Spinacopia syrinx Kornicker 1995

“Spinacopia syrinx, new species

Figures 38, 39

ETYMOLOGY.—From the Greek syrinx (pipe).

HOLOTYPE.—Undissected ovigerous female in alcohol in collection of the the Museum of Victoria.

TYPE LOCALITY.—Slope 40, 38°17.70'S, 149°11.30'E, Victoria, S of Point Hicks, depth 400 m.

PARATYPES.—Slope 40: USNM 193990, ovigerous female on slide and in alcohol; 3 undissected ovigerous females in alcohol.

DISTRIBUTION.—Slope 40, 400 m.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE.— Carapace oval in lateral view with greatest height just posterior to midlength; anterior margin with minute step dorsal to midheight marking incisur; posterior with short caudal process with rounded tip; adult female with low posterodorsal bulge. Surface without gel-like coating.

Ornamentation: Surface smooth without fossae. Long, medium, and short hairs with enlargement (either proximal or at about 1/3 length) common along valve edge and sparse on lateral surface; short slender tapering hairs sparsely distributed near valve edge and on lateral surface; minute spines along anterior and ventral edges of valve visible at high magnification (xl5 ocular, x20 objective) (not shown); 4 minute spines along distal edge of caudal process.

Infold: Anterior infold ventral to minute incisur with small bristle near midheight. Infold of caudal process with row of 7 spinous bristles. Small bristles along inner margin of infold anterior to caudal process.

Central Adductor Muscle Attachments: Comprising about 19 oval attachments.

Carapace Size (length (including caudal process), height in mm): Slope 40: USNM 193990 and holotype, 0.87, 0.75; 3 unnumbered paratypes: 0.98, 0.79; 0.87, 0.85; 0.77, 0.72.

First Antenna: 1st joint bare. 2nd joint with long equilength spines on ventral and dorsal margins, rows of shorter lateral and medial spines near dorsal margin, rows of fairly long medial spines near ventral margin, and 1 bare dorsal bristle. 3rd joint fused to 4th, with 2 long bristles (1 dorsal bare, 1 ventral with indistinct short spines). 4th joint with dorsal spines, indistinct medial hairs near ventral margin, and 2 bristles (1 dorsal bare, 1 longer ventral with indistinct short spines). 5th joint with dorsal spines, and sensory bristle with small proximal filament, 1 distal spine, and terminal papilla. 6th joint fused to 5th, with small ringed spinous medial bristle. 7th joint: a-bristle oriented dorsally, about half length of sensory bristle of 5th joint, with indistinct short spines; b-bristle about 2/3 length of sensory bristle, bare except for terminal papilla; c-bristle about same length as sensory bristle of 5th joint, with 2 or 3 minute spines and terminal papilla. 8th joint: d- and e-bristles longer than b-bristle, bare with blunt tips; f-bristle shorter than sensory bristle of 5th joint, with 1 small proximal filament, 1 minute spine near midlength, and terminal papilla; g-bristle about same length as sensory bristle of 5th joint, with 1 small proximal filament, 1 minute spine near midlength, and terminal papilla.

Second Antenna: Protopodite with long lateral and medial spines along ventral margin near endopodite. Endopodite 2-jointed: 1st joint with 2 small bare proximal bristles; 2nd joint small with spinous terminal bristle about twice length of longer bristle of 1st joint. Exopodite: joint 1 with small fairly straight medial terminal bristle; bristle of joint 2 with proximal dorsal hairs, then 8 slender ventral spines followed by natatory hairs; bristles of joints 3-8 with natatory hairs, no spines; 9th joint with 3 bristles (1 long (ventral) with natatory hairs; 1 short (dorsal) and 1 medium (about 5 times length of short bristle) with small marginal spines (base of short bristle medial to base of medium bristle)); joints 2-8 with row of minute spines along distal edges.

Mandible: Coxale endite with 2 stout terminal spines (with few small marginal spines) and long slender proximal spines. Ventral margin of basale with long spines (distal spines longer). Basale: dorsal margin with small unringed spine-like bristle near midlength and 2 small subterminal bristles; medial surface with 5 bristles (including 1 very long bristle with indistinct spines) near ventral margin; lateral surface with 2 small ringed bristles near ventral margin, and minute unringed bristle on distal edge near dorsal margin (possibly vestigial exopodite). 1st endopodial joint: dorsal margin with several slender terminal spines; ventral margin with several small spines, and long slender terminal claw with indistinct minute proximal spines along ventral and dorsal edges; medial surface with 1 small spine-like bristle at base of ventral claw and spines forming row along distal margin. 2nd endopodial joint with 2 unringed, spine-like, subterminal, dorsal bristles and long ventral claw. 3rd endopdial joint with long terminal claw, 2 short, unringed, terminal, ventral bristles, and 1 minute, subterminal, unringed, dorsal bristle.

Maxilla: Coxale with short dorsal bristle with short marginal spines. Endites I, II, and III each with 6 bristles (1 bristle of endite III unusually short). Basale with ventral bristle distal to exopodite. Exopodite small with 2 bristles (1 long, 1 about 2/3 its length and spinous). 1st endopodial joint with spines along anterior margin, 1 spinous alpha-bristle and 1 spinous beta-bristle. 2nd endopodial joint with 2 spinous a-bristles, 1 spinous c-bristle, and 5 pectinate end bristles (anterior bristle ringed distally; middle bristle shortest).

Fifth Limb: Epipodite with 32 bristles. Single endite with 1 long spinous bristle. Exopodite: 1st joint with 3 spinous bristles; 2nd joint with 5 spinous bristles; 3rd joint with 4 spinous bristles on inner and 1 bristle (with few indistinct spines) on outer lobe; fused 4th and 5th joints with total of 2 spinous bristles; exopodial joints 1-3 hirsute. All bristles ringed.

Sixth Limb: Endite I with 3 short spinous bristles; endite II with 2 spinous bristles. End joint with 12 or 13 bristles with short spines followed by 2 long posterior plumose bristles; limb hirsute.

Seventh Limb: Proximal group with 2 bristles on same segment (segment 7 counting from segment proximal to terminus) or on adjacent segments (segments 7 and 8), 1 bristle on each side, each with 2 or 3 bells; terminal group with 6 bristles, 3 on each side, each with 2-5 bells. Terminus with opposing combs, each with 3 (2 short, 1 longer) weak teeth.

Furca: Each lamella with 6 claws; claw 1 nonarticulated; claw 3 about half length of claw 4; claws 1, 2, 4, and 5 with teeth along posterior edge (a few longer and stouter than others) claws 3 and 6 with a few proximal teeth along posterior edge; right lamella anterior to left by width of base of claw 1.

Bellonci Organ: Elongate, cylindrical, with 2 sutures (distal suture weakly defined) near midlength, and rounded tip.

Eyes: Lateral eyes absent Medial eye unpigmented, containing 3 amber-colored ovals.

Upper Lip: Hirsute lobe with narrow, elongate, hirsute, weakly defined process on each side.

Genitalia: Oval on each side of body with attached round spermatophore.

Anterior of Body: Triangular process on each side ventral to insertion of 1st antenna.

Posterior of Body: Evenly rounded, bare.

V-Sclerite: Ventral branch obscured.

Number of Eggs: Holotype with 1 egg in marsupium. USNM 193990 with 2 eggs in marsupium and 2 unextruded eggs; length of egg in marsupium 0.27 mm, length of unextruded egg 0.19 mm. 2 unnumbered specimens with 1 and 2 eggs in marsupium and also with unextruded eggs: length of 1 egg in each marsupium 0.21 mm.

COMPARISONS.—The carapace of S. syrinx resembles that of S. crux except for being smaller (length 0.77-0.98 mm (average 0.87 mm) compared to 1.10 mm). The 2nd antenna of S. syrinx differs from that of 5. crux in having a shorter terminal bristle on the endopodite and in lacking proximal spines on bristles of joints 3-8 of the exopodite. The 1st endopodial joint of the mandible of S. syrinx is without the 2 or 3 stout ventral spines present on S. crux and 5. trox. The 7th limb of S. syrinx bears 3 short teeth in each terminal comb compared to 10-12 long teeth in each terminal comb of S. trox. The carapace of S. syrinx is much smaller than those of S. trox (length 1.51-1.52 mm) and S. rex (length 1.77-1.94 mm). The carapace of S. syrinx is without the lateral ribs present on the carapace of S. sandix, which also has a different shape.”

(Kornicker, 1995, pp. 62-66)

Spinacopia syrinx

ETYMOLOGY.—From the Greek syrinx (pipe).

HOLOTYPE.—Undissected ovigerous female in alcohol in collection of the the Museum of Victoria.

TYPE LOCALITY.—Slope 40, 38°17.70′S, 149°11.30′E, Victoria, S of Point Hicks, depth 400 m.

PARATYPES.—Slope 40: USNM 193990, ovigerous female on slide and in alcohol; 3 undissected ovigerous females in alcohol.

DISTRIBUTION.—Slope 40, 400 m.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figures 38, 39).—Carapace oval in lateral view with greatest height just posterior to midlength (Figure 38a); anterior margin with minute step dorsal to midheight marking incisur (Figure 38a,c); posterior with short caudal process with rounded tip; adult female with low posterodorsal bulge (Figure 38a,b). Surface without gel-like coating.

Ornamentation: Surface smooth without fossae. Long, medium, and short hairs with enlargement (either proximal or at about length) common along valve edge and sparse on lateral surface (Figure 38a,c); short slender tapering hairs sparsely distributed near valve edge and on lateral surface (Figure 38a); minute spines along anterior and ventral edges of valve visible at high magnification (×15 ocular, ×20 objective) (not shown); 4 minute spines along distal edge of caudal process (Figure 38a).

Infold: Anterior infold ventral to minute incisur with small bristle near midheight (Figure 38c). Infold of caudal process with row of 7 spinous bristles (Figure 38d). Small bristles along inner margin of infold anterior to caudal process.

Central Adductor Muscle Attachments (Figure 38a): Comprising about 19 oval attachments.

Carapace Size (length (including caudal process), height in mm): Slope 40: USNM 193990 and holotype, 0.87, 0.75; 3 unnumbered paratypes: 0.98, 0.79; 0.87, 0.85; 0.77, 0.72.

First Antenna (Figure 39a,b): 1st joint bare. 2nd joint with long equilength spines on ventral and dorsal margins, rows of shorter lateral and medial spines near dorsal margin, rows of fairly long medial spines near ventral margin, and 1 bare dorsal bristle. 3rd joint fused to 4th, with 2 long bristles (1 dorsal bare, 1 ventral with indistinct short spines). 4th joint with dorsal spines, indistinct medial hairs near ventral margin, and 2 bristles (1 dorsal bare, 1 longer ventral with indistinct short spines). 5th joint with dorsal spines, and sensory bristle with small proximal filament, 1 distal spine, and terminal papilla. 6th joint fused to 5th, with small ringed spinous medial bristle. 7th joint: a-bristle oriented dorsally, about half length of sensory bristle of 5th joint, with indistinct short spines; b-bristle about length of sensory bristle, bare except for terminal papilla; c-bristle about same length as sensory bristle of 5th joint, with 2 or 3 minute spines and terminal papilla. 8th joint: d- and e-bristles longer than b-bristle, bare with blunt tips; f-bristle shorter than sensory bristle of 5th joint, with 1 small proximal filament, 1 minute spine near midlength, and terminal papilla; g-bristle about same length as sensory bristle of 5th joint, with 1 small proximal filament, 1 minute spine near midlength, and terminal papilla.

Second Antenna: Protopodite with long lateral and medial spines along ventral margin near endopodite (Figure 38e). Endopodite 2-jointed (Figure 38e): 1st joint with 2 small bare proximal bristles; 2nd joint small with spinous terminal bristle about twice length of longer bristle of 1st joint. Exopodite: joint 1 with small fairly straight medial terminal bristle; bristle of joint 2 with proximal dorsal hairs, then 8 slender ventral spines followed by natatory hairs; bristles of joints 3–8 with natatory hairs, no spines; 9th joint with 3 bristles (1 long (ventral) with natatory hairs; 1 short (dorsal) and 1 medium (about 5 times length of short bristle) with small marginal spines (base of short bristle medial to base of medium bristle)); joints 2–8 with row of minute spines along distal edges.

Mandible (Figure 39c): Coxale endite with 2 stout terminal spines (with few small marginal spines) and long slender proximal spines. Ventral margin of basale with long spines (distal spines longer). Basale: dorsal margin with small unringed spine-like bristle near midlength and 2 small subterminal bristles; medial surface with 5 bristles (including 1 very long bristle with indistinct spines) near ventral margin; lateral surface with 2 small ringed bristles near ventral margin, and minute unringed bristle on distal edge near dorsal margin (possibly vestigial exopodite). 1st endopodial joint: dorsal margin with several slender terminal spines; ventral margin with several small spines, and long slender terminal claw with indistinct minute proximal spines along ventral and dorsal edges; medial surface with 1 small spine-like bristle at base of ventral claw and spines forming row along distal margin. 2nd endopodial joint with 2 unringed, spine-like, subterminal, dorsal bristles and long ventral claw. 3rd endopdial joint with long terminal claw, 2 short, unringed, terminal, ventral bristles, and 1 minute, subterminal, unringed, dorsal bristle.

Maxilla: Coxale with short dorsal bristle with short marginal spines (Figure 39f). Endites I, II, and III each with 6 bristles (1 bristle of endite III unusually short) (Figure 39d,e). Basale with ventral bristle distal to exopodite (Figure 39f). Exopodite small with 2 bristles (1 long, 1 about its length and spinous). 1st endopodial joint with spines along anterior margin, 1 spinous alpha-bristle and 1 spinous beta-bristle. 2nd endopodial joint with 2 spinous a-bristles, 1 spinous c-bristle, and 5 pectinate end bristles (anterior bristle ringed distally; middle bristle shortest).

Fifth Limb (Figure 39g): Epipodite with 32 bristles. Single endite with 1 long spinous bristle. Exopodite: 1st joint with 3 spinous bristles; 2nd joint with 5 spinous bristles; 3rd joint with 4 spinous bristles on inner and 1 bristle (with few indistinct spines) on outer lobe; fused 4th and 5th joints with total of 2 spinous bristles; exopodial joints 1–3 hirsute. All bristles ringed (rings not shown).

Sixth Limb (Figure 38f): Endite I with 3 short spinous bristles; endite II with 2 spinous bristles. End joint with 12 or 13 bristles with short spines followed by 2 long posterior plumose bristles; limb hirsute.

Seventh Limb: Proximal group with 2 bristles on same segment (segment 7 counting from segment proximal to terminus) or on adjacent segments (segments 7 and 8), 1 bristle on each side, each with 2 or 3 bells; terminal group with 6 bristles, 3 on each side, each with 2–5 bells. Terminus with opposing combs, each with 3 (2 short, 1 longer) weak teeth (Figure 38g).

Furca (Figure 38h): Each lamella with 6 claws; claw 1 nonarticulated; claw 3 about half length of claw 4; claws 1, 2, 4, and 5 with teeth along posterior edge (a few longer and stouter than others) claws 3 and 6 with a few proximal teeth along posterior edge; right lamella anterior to left by width of base of claw 1.

Bellonci Organ (Figure 39h): Elongate, cylindrical, with 2 sutures (distal suture weakly defined) near midlength, and rounded tip.

Eyes: Lateral eyes absent. Medial eye unpigmented, containing 3 amber-colored ovals (Figure 39h).

Upper Lip (Figure 39i): Hirsute lobe with narrow, elongate, hirsute, weakly defined process on each side.

Genitalia (Figure 38h): Oval on each side of body with attached round spermatophore.

Anterior of Body (Figure 39h,i): Triangular process on each side ventral to insertion of 1st antenna.

Posterior of Body (Figure 38h): Evenly rounded, bare.

Y-Sclerite (Figure 38h): Ventral branch obscured.

Number of Eggs: Holotype with 1 egg in marsupium. USNM 193990 with 2 eggs in marsupium and 2 unextruded eggs; length of egg in marsupium 0.27 mm, length of unextruded egg 0.19 mm; outline of egg in marsupium shown in Figure 38a. 2 unnumbered specimens with 1 and 2 eggs in marsupium and also with unextruded eggs: length of 1 egg in each marsupium 0.21 mm.

COMPARISONS.—The carapace of S. syrinx resembles that of S. crux except for being smaller (length 0.77–0.98 mm (average 0.87 mm) compared to 1.10 mm). The 2nd antenna of S. syrinx differs from that of S. crux in having a shorter terminal bristle on the endopodite and in lacking proximal spines on bristles of joints 3–8 of the exopodite. The 1st endopodial joint of the mandible of S. syrinx is without the 2 or 3 stout ventral spines present on S. crux and S. trox. The 7th limb of S. syrinx bears 3 short teeth in each terminal comb compared to 10–12 long teeth in each terminal comb of S. trox. The carapace of S. syrinx is much smaller than those of S. trox (length 1.51–1.52 mm) and S. rex (length 1.77–1.94 mm). The carapace of S. syrinx is without the lateral ribs present on the carapace of S. sandix, which also has a different shape.