Momordica

Momordik (lat. Momordica)^[1] — balqabaqkimilər fəsiləsinə aid bitki cinsi.^[2]

Növləri

Azərbaycanın dərman bitkiləri

Mənbə

1. ↑ Nurəddin Əliyev. Azərbaycanın dərman bitkiləri və fitoterapiya. Bakı, Elm, 1998.
2. ↑ Elşad Qurbanov. Ali bitkilərin sistematikası, Bakı, 2009.

Momordica és un gènere de plantes amb flor de la família Cucurbitaceae. Algunes espècies són cultivades per llurs fruits. Momordica charantia (ku gua 苦瓜) prové de l'Àfrica, però ha estat utilitzat en la medicina tradicional i la gastronomia de molts països d'Àsia.^[1] Les fulles i les llavors també tenen aplicacions medicinals.

Espècies

S'hi inclouen una vuitantena d'espècies^[2][3] entre elles:

Referències

Enllaços externs

• The National Bitter Melon Council

Mitango ya Afrika ni spishi za mimea za Afrika kwenye jenasi Momordica katika familia Cucurbitaceae. Matunda yao yanafanana na matango na kwa kawaida yana rangi ya nyekundu au ya machungwa yakiwa yameiva. Mbegu zao zimepambika kwa mpako mwekundu kama upepe wa maharagwe.

Spishi za Afrika zilizochaguliwa

• Momordica balsamina, Mtango-zeri
• Momordica boivinii, Mtango wa Boivin
• Momordica calantha, Mtango Maua-marembo
• Momordica charantia, Mtango-chungu au Mkarela
• Momordica foetida, Mtango-nuka au Mnyanya-nuka
• Momordica glabra, Mtango-kipara
• Momordica henriquesii, Mtango wa Henriques
• Momordica kirkii, Mtango wa Kirk
• Momordica leiocarpa, Mtango-laini
• Momordica littorea, Mtango-pwani
• Momordica multiflora, Mtango Maua-mengi
• Momordica peteri, Mtango wa Peter
• Momordica pterocarpa, Mtango-mabawa
• Momordica rostrata, Mtango Matunda-nyoka au Mtunda-nyoka
• Momordica spinosa, Mtango-pembe

Picha

• Mtango-zeri

• Ua la mtango wa Boivin

• Mkarela

• Mtango-nuka

Η Μομορντίκα (Momordica) είναι γένος φυτών με περίπου 60 είδη, πολυετή (perennial)^{[Σημ. 1]} ή μονοετή, κυρίως αναρριχώμενα ποώδη και σπανιότερα μικροί θάμνοι, τα οποία ανήκουν στην οικογένεια Κολοκυνθίδες (Cucurbitaceae), της τάξης των Κολοκυνθωδών (Cucurbitales). Είναι ενδημικό γένος των τροπικών και υποτροπικών περιοχών της Αφρικής, της Ασίας και της Αυστραλίας. Τα περισσότερα είδη παράγουν ανθικά έλαια και τα επισκέπτονται ειδικοί επικονιαστές Ctenoplectrini, της φυλής των απιδών (apid). Η μοριακή φυλογένεση η οποία περιλαμβάνει όλα τα είδη, είναι διαθέσιμη (Schaefer και Renner, 2010).

Καλλιέργεια και χρήσεις

Κάποια είδη Μομορντίκας καλλιεργούνται για τον σαρκώδη τους καρπό, ο οποίος έχει σχήμα μακρόστενο προς κυλινδρικό και χρώμα πορτοκαλί προς κόκκινο, ενώ εξωτερικά είναι αγκαθωτός ή με εξογκώματα σαν σπίλους. Οι καρποί της Momordica charantia, γενικά «σκάνε» ακανόνιστα όταν ωριμάσουν.

Η Μομορντίκα (Mormodica) μπορεί να καλλιεργηθεί σε βάζα ή ζαρντινιέρες των 5 λίτρων και δεν είναι ευπαθής σε μάστιγες. Μετά τη σπορά, η Μομορντίκα αναπτύσσει φύλλα σε περίπου 11 ημέρες και άνθη μετά από 40 έως 50 ημέρες. Μετά τη γονιμοποίηση, οι καρποί της Μομορντίκας θα αναπτυχθούν σε περίπου 10 ημέρες.^[1]

Η Momordica charantia (πικρό πεπόνι, Κινεζικά: ku gua 苦瓜) είναι ενδημικό φυτό στην Αφρική αλλά έχει χρησιμοποιηθεί εδώ και αιώνες, στην Κινεζική λαϊκή ιατρική ως 'πικρό, κρύο' βότανο, έχει δε προσφάτως τεθεί στην επικρατούσα τάση της Κινεζικής ιατρικής καθώς και στις ποικίλες θεραπευτικές παραδόσεις ανά τον κόσμο.

Πρόκειται για ένα τροπικό και υποτροπικό φυτό το οποίο καλλιεργείται ευρέως στην Ασία, την Αφρική και την Καραϊβική, για τους βρώσιμους καρπούς του, οι οποίοι συγκαταλέγονται ανάμεσα στους πιο πικρούς, γνωστούς καρπούς.^[2] Πολλές ποικιλίες της διαφέρουν ουσιαστικά στο σχήμα και την πίκρα του καρπού. Πρόσφατες έρευνες έχουν δείξει ότι ο ανώριμος καρπός, μπορεί να έχει κάποιες αντιβιοτικές, αντικαρκινικές και αντι-ιικές ιδιότητες, ιδιαίτερα κατάλληλο για χρήση στην θεραπεία της ελονοσίας, του ιού HIV και διαβητικές καταστάσεις. Η χρήση του καρπού Μομορντίκα (Momordica) αντενδείκνυται σε ορισμένες περιπτώσεις, ιδίως κατά την εγκυμοσύνη.

Θεραπείες

Έχει χρησιμοποιηθεί σε διάφορα Ασιατικά παραδοσιακά φάρμακα για τη θεραπεία της χολέρας, βρογχίτιδας, αναιμίας, ασθένειες του αίματος, έλκος, διάρροιας, δυσεντερίας, ρευματισμών, βλεννόρροιας, ουρικής αρθρίτιδας, σκουληκιών, κολικούς, νόσο του ήπατος και της σπλήνας, καρκίνου, διαβήτη κ.ά.^[4]

Αποδεκτά είδη

Κατάλογος πηγών^[5][6]

Εικόνες

• Momordica charantia
  Άνθος.

• Momordica charantia
  Αναπτυσσόμενος καρπός.

• Momordica charantia
  Ώριμος καρπός.

• Momordica charantia
  Πικροπέπονα.

• Momordica charantia
  Ξεκίνημα της διάρρηξης.

• Momordica charantia
  Σκασμένος καρπός.

• Momordica charantia
  Σπόροι που διαρρέουν.

• Momordica charantia
  "Παλαιός" καρπός.

• Momordica balsamina
  Άνθος.

• Momordica balsamina
  Αναπτυσσόμενος καρπός.

• Momordica balsamina
  Καρποί που ωριμάζουν.

• Momordica balsamina
  Ώριμος καρπός.

• Momordica balsamina
  Ξεκίνημα της διάρρηξης του καρπού.

• Momordica balsamina
  Καρπός που διαρρέει.

• Momordica balsamina
  Καρπός με σπόρους.

Σημειώσεις

1. ↑ Πολυετές φυτό (perennial plant) ή απλά πολυετές (perennial) (από το Λατινικό per, που σημαίνει "μέσα" και annus, που σημαίνει "χρόνος"), είναι ένα φυτό που ζει για περισσότερο από δύο χρόνια.^{[Παρ. Σημ. 1]}

Παραπομπές σημειώσεων

1. ↑ The Garden Helper. The Difference Between Annual Plants and Perennial Plants in the Garden. Retrieved on 2008-06-22.

Παραπομπές

మొమోర్డికా (లాటిన్ Momordica) పుష్పించే మొక్కలలోని కుకుర్బిటేసి కుటుంబానికి చెందిన ప్రజాతి.

కొన్ని జాతులు

Momordica aculeata Poir.
Momordica acuminata Merr.
Momordica affinis De Wild.
Momordica amaniana Cogn.
Momordica angolensis R.Fernandes
Momordica angustisepala Harms
Momordica anigosantha
Hook.f.
Momordica auriculata Noronha
Momordica balsamina L.
Momordica bequaertii De Wild.
Momordica boivinii Baill.
Momordica bracteata Hutch & Dalziel
Momordica bricchettii Chiov.
Momordica cabrae (Cogn.) C.Jeffrey
Momordica calantha Gilg
Momordica camerounensis Keraudren
Momordica chinensis Hort.
Momordica clematidea Sond.
మొమోర్డికా కరన్షియా L. - కాకర
Momordica cissoides Planch. ex Benth.
Momordica clarkeana King
Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng. - Gac
Momordica cogniauxiana De Wild.
Momordica cordata Cogn.
Momordica coriacea Cogn.
Momordica corymbifera Hook.f.
Momordica cymbalaria Hook.f.
Momordica denticulata Miq.
Momordica denudata C.B.Clarke
Momordica dictyosperma Griseb
మొమోర్డికా డయాకా Roxb. ex Willd. - ఆగాకర
Momordica diplotrimera Harms
Momordica dissecta Baker
Momordica eberhardtii Gagnep.
Momordica enneaphylla Cogn.
Momordica fasciculata Cogn.
Momordica foetida Schumach.
Momordica gabonii Cogn.
Momordica glabra Zimmerman
Momordica gracilis De Wild. & T.Durand
Momordica grandibracteata Gilg
Momordica henriquesii Cogn.
Momordica involucrata E.Mey.
Momordica jeffreyana Keraudren

Momordica laotica Gagnep.
Momordica laurentii De Wild.
Momordica leiocarpa Gilg
Momordica littorea Thulin
Momordica macrantha Gilg
Momordica macrophylla Gage
Momordica mannii Hook.f.
Momordica marlothi Harms
Momordica martinicensis Hook. ex Wien.
Momordica meloniflora
Hand.-Mazz.
Momordica microphylla Chiov.
Momordica mossambica H.Schaef.
Momordica multicrenulata
Cogn.
Momordica multiflora Hook.f.
Momordica obtusisepala Keraudren
Momordica parvifolia Cogn.
Momordica pauciflora Cogn. ex Harms
Momordica pedisecta Ser.
Momordica peteri A.Zimm.
Momordica pterocarpa Hochst.
Momordica pycnantha Harms
Momordica racemiflora Cogn.
Momordica repens Bremek.
Momordica rostrata A.Zimm.
Momordica rumphii W.J.De Wilde
Momordica runssorica Gilg
Momordica rutshuruensis
De Wild.
Momordica sahyadrica Kattuk. & V.T.Antony
Momordica schinzii Cogn. ex Schinz
Momordica schliebenii Harms
Momordica sessilifolia Cogn.
Momordica silvatica Jongkind
Momordica somalensis Chiov.
Momordica suringarii Cogn.
Momordica thollonii Cogn.
Momordica tonkinensis Gagnep.
Momordica trifoliolata Hook.f.
Momordica welwitschii Hook.f.
Momordica wildemaniana Cogn.

Momordica boivinii flower

Momordica is a genus of about 60 species of annual or perennial climbers herbaceous or rarely small shrubs belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae, natives of tropical and subtropical Africa and Asia and Australia. Most species produce floral oils and are visited by specialist pollinators in the apid tribe Ctenoplectrini. A molecular phylogeny that includes all species is available (Schaefer and Renner, 2010).

Cultivation and uses

Some Momordica species are grown in cultivation for their fleshy fruit, which are oblong to cylindrical in shape, orange to red in colour, prickly or warted externally, and in some species burst when ripe, generally with elastic force, into irregular valves.

Momordica can be cultivated in 5 litre vases or jardinière and is hardly susceptible to plagues. After seeding, Momordica develops leaves in about 11 days and flowers after 40 to 50 days. After fertilisation, the Momordica fruit will be developed in about 10 days.^[1]

Momordica charantia (bitter melon, Mandarin Chinese: kǔ guā 苦瓜) is native to Africa but has been used in Chinese folk medicine for centuries as a 'bitter, cold' herb, and has recently been brought into mainstream Chinese medicine as well as natural medical traditions around the world. Recent research has shown that the immature fruit might have some antibiotic, anticancer, and antiviral properties, particularly well suited for use in treatment of malaria, HIV, and diabetic conditions. The use of Momordica fruit is contraindicated in a number of conditions, especially pregnancy.

The effect of Momordica charantia on glucose and insulin concentrations was studied in nine non-insulin-dependent diabetics and six non-diabetic rats. These results show that it might improve glucose tolerance in diabetes but much more research is needed. Doctors supervising Asian diabetics should be aware of the fruit's hypoglycemic properties.^[2][3][4][5]

Accepted species

Momordica angolensis R.Fernandes
Momordica angustisepala Harms
Momordica anigosantha
Hook.f.
Momordica balsamina L.
Momordica boivinii Baill.
Momordica cabrae (Cogn.) C.Jeffrey
Momordica calantha Gilg
Momordica camerounensis Keraudren
Momordica charantia L. - Bitter melon
Momordica cissoides Planch. ex Benth.
Momordica clarkeana King
Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng. - Gac
Momordica corymbifera Hook.f.
Momordica cymbalaria Hook.f.
Momordica denticulata Miq.
Momordica denudata C.B.Clarke
Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd.
Momordica enneaphylla Cogn.
Momordica foetida Schumach.
Momordica glabra Zimmerman
Momordica henriquesii Cogn.
Momordica involucrata E.Mey.
Momordica jeffreyana Keraudren

Momordica laotica Gagnep.
Momordica leiocarpa Gilg
Momordica littorea Thulin
Momordica macrophylla Gage
Momordica mannii Hook.f.
Momordica mossambica H.Schaef.
Momordica multiflora Hook.f.
Momordica obtusisepala Keraudren
Momordica parvifolia Cogn.
Momordica peteri A.Zimm.
Momordica pterocarpa Hochst.
Momordica repens Bremek.
Momordica rostrata A.Zimm.
Momordica sessilifolia Cogn.
Momordica silvatica Jongkind.
Momordica spinosa Chiov.
Momordica suringarii Cogn.
Momordica trifoliolata Hook.f.
Momordica welwitschii Hook.f.

List sources^[6][7]

References

• Schaefer, H.; Renner, S. S. (2010). "A three-genome phylogeny of Momordica (Cucurbitaceae) suggests seven returns from dioecy to monoecy and recent long-distance dispersal to Asia". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 54 (2): 553–560. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.08.006. PMID 19686858.

Momordica es un género de plantas fanerógamas de la familia Cucurbitaceae. Comprende 155 especies descritas y de estas, solo 36 aceptadas.^[1]​

Descripción

Son bejucos, delgados, monoicos, probablemente anuales; tallos sulcados. Hojas pecioladas, profundamente lobadas. Zarcillos simples. Inflorescencias axilares, las flores amarillas. Flores solitarias (en Mesoamérica), axilares, pedunculadas; hipanto cupulado o cortamente infundibuliforme; lobos del cáliz 5; corola campanulada, los lobos 5, libres; estambres 3, los filamentos libres, las anteras connatas, las tecas flexuosas. Flores pistiladas con el perianto como en las flores estaminadas; ovario alargado fusiforme, constricto en la base y el ápice, los óvulos numerosos, horizontales; estilo delgado; estigmas 3, 2-lobados. Frutos (Mesoamérica) fusiformes, carnosos, 3-valvados; semillas túrgidas o comprimidas.

Distribución

Se encuentra en las regiones tropicales y subtropicales del Viejo Mundo, especialmente de África; 1 sp. introducida en América.

Taxonomía

El género fue descrito por Carlos Linneo y publicado en Species Plantarum 2: 1009. 1753.^[2]​ La especie tipo es: Momordica charantia L.

Especies

• Momordica angolensis R.Fernandes
• Momordica angustisepala Harms
• Momordica anigosantha Hook.f.
• Momordica balsamina L.
• Momordica boivinii Baill.
• Momordica cabrae (Cogn.) C.Jeffrey
• Momordica calantha Gilg
• Momordica camerounensis Keraudren
• Momordica charantia L.
• Momordica cissoides Planch. ex Benth.
• Momordica clarkeana King
• Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng.
• Momordica corymbifera Hook.f.
• Momordica cymbalaria Hook.f.
• Momordica denticulata Miq.
• Momordica denudata C.B.Clarke
• Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd.
• Momordica enneaphylla Cogn.
• Momordica foetida Schumach.
• Momordica glabra Zimmerman

• Momordica henriquesii Cogn.
• Momordica involucrata E.Mey.
• Momordica jeffreyana Keraudren
• Momordica laotica Gagnep.
• Momordica leiocarpa Gilg
• Momordica littorea Thulin
• Momordica macrophylla Gage
• Momordica mannii Hook.f.
• Momordica mossambica H.Schaef.
• Momordica multiflora Hook.f.
• Momordica obtusisepala Keraudren
• Momordica parvifolia Cogn.
• Momordica peteri A.Zimm.
• Momordica pterocarpa Hochst.
• Momordica repens Bremek.
• Momordica rostrata A.Zimm.
• Momordica sessilifolia Cogn.
• Momordica silvatica Jongkind
• Momordica suringarii Cogn.
• Momordica trifoliolata Hook.f.
• Momordica welwitschii Hook.f.

Referencias

Karvaskurkut (Momordica) on kasvisuku, joka kuuluu kurkkukasvien (Cucurbitaceae) heimoon. Siihen sisältyy muun muassa koristekasvina ja huonekasvina kasvatettu karvaskurkku (Momordica charantia).^[1]

Lajeja

• Momordica balsamina
• Momordica charantia – karvaskurkku
• Momordica cochinchinensis
• Momordica dioica

Lähteet

Momordica est un genre de plantes de la famille des Cucurbitaceae.

Une de ses espèces la plus connue est la margose, concombre amer ou momordique (Momordica charantia). Les fruits de Momordica cochinchinensis, Momordica dioica et Momordica grosvenorii sont également cultivés pour l'alimentation humaine mais sont de moindre importance commerciale.

Liste des espèces, variétés et sous-espèces

Selon Catalogue of Life (11 septembre 2017)^[2] :

Selon GRIN (11 septembre 2017)^[3] :

• Momordica angustisepala Harms
• Momordica balsamina L.
• Momordica boivinii Baill.
• Momordica cabrae (Cogn.) C. Jeffrey
• Momordica calantha Gilg
• Momordica charantia L.
• Momordica cissoides Planch. ex Benth.
• Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng.
• Momordica cymbalaria Hook. f.
• Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd.
• Momordica foetida Schumach.
• Momordica peteri A. Zimm.
• Momordica rostrata A. Zimm.
• Momordica sahyadrica Kattuk. & V. T. Antony
• Momordica subangulata Blume
• Momordica trifoliolata Hook. f.

Selon ITIS (11 septembre 2017)^[4] :

• Momordica balsamina L.
• Momordica charantia L.
• Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng.
• Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd.

Selon NCBI (11 septembre 2017)^[5] :

Selon The Plant List (11 septembre 2017)^[6] :

Selon Tropicos (11 septembre 2017)^[1] (Attention liste brute contenant possiblement des synonymes) :

Notes et références

Przepękla (Momordica L.) – rodzaj roślin z rodziny dyniowatych. Gatunkiem typowym jest Momordica balsamina L.^[2].

Systematyka

Pozycja systematyczna według Angiosperm Phylogeny Website (2001...)

Rodzaj z rodziny dyniowatych z rzędu dyniowców, należących do kladu różowych w obrębie okrytonasiennych^[1]. W obrębie rodziny: podrodzina Cucurbitoideae, plemię Joliffieae^[3].

Pozycja w systemie Reveala (1993-1999)

Gromada okrytonasienne Cronquist, podgromada Magnoliophytina Frohne & U. Jensen ex Reveal, klasa Rosopsida Batsch, podklasa ukęślowe Takht. ex Reveal & Tahkt., nadrząd Cucurbitanae Reveal, rząd dyniowce Dumort., podrząd Cucurbitineae Engl., rodzina dyniowate Juss., rodzaj Momordica^[4].

Wybrane rodzaje^[3]

• Momordica angustisepala Harms
• Momordica balsamina L. – przepękla pospolita
• Momordica cabrae (Cogn.) C. Jeffrey
• Momordica calantha Gilg
• Momordica charantia L. – przepękla ogórkowata
• Momordica cissoides Planch. ex Benth.
• Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng. – przepękla indochińska
• Momordica cymbalaria Hook. f.
• Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd.
• Momordica foetida Schumach.
• Momordica peteri A. Zimm.
• Momordica rostrata A. Zimm.
• Momordica trifoliolata Hook. f.

Przypisy

Momordica é um género botânico pertencente à família Cucurbitaceae conhecido popularmente como melãozinho ou melão-de-são-caetano.

Etimologia

Seu nome popular, melão-de-são-caetano, deve-se aos escravos que se estabeleceram na região das minas auríferas e plantaram ao redor de uma capelinha em Mariana (Estado de Minas Gerais). O padroeiro da capela era S. Caetano e os frutos parecidos com melão, daí o nome.

Descrição

É uma planta de origem asiática, mas trazida da África para a Américas pelos escravos. É um cipó herbáceo muito comum em cercas e entulhos de terrenos abandonados. Seu fruto cor de ouro com protuberâncias moles na superfície se abre espontaneamente em três partes, quando maduro, mostrando suas sementes vermelhas comestíveis de grande beleza e paladar suave, muito apreciado pelas crianças. A infusão dos frutos maduros é boa para curar hemorroidas.

As folhas dessa planta eram usadas pelas lavadeiras para clarear a roupa. Os escravos usavam o seu chá em banhos para facilitar o parto e para baixar febres.

No Brasil, os frutos são consumidos principalmente pela comunidade nipo-brasileira. São colhidos e vendidos verdes em feiras livres na cidade de São Paulo, sobretudo onde se concentram essa comunidade. Podem ser consumidos também em alguns restaurantes japoneses mais tradicionais.

São popularmente conhecidos entre eles como nigauri, nigagori ou goya, sendo essa última denominação utilizada pelos descendentes provindos da província de Okinawa, onde consome-se muito esse fruto.

Plantio

O plantio do melão poderá ser feito em vasos de cinco litros ou jardineiras, sendo pouco suscetível a pragas. Após o plantio da semente, a germinação ocorrerá por volta de cino ou seis dias, devendo-se incluir estacas por volta dos 20 dias, já que se trata de uma planta trepadeira.

De 40 a 50 dias inicia-se a floração, estando o fruto bastante desenvolvido após dez dias da polinização.^[1]

Espécies

• Momordica angolensis R.Fernandes
• Momordica angustisepala Harms
• Momordica anigosantha Hook.f.
• Momordica balsamina L.
• Momordica boivinii Baill.
• Momordica cabrae (Cogn.) C.Jeffrey
• Momordica calantha Gilg
• Momordica camerounensis Keraudren
• Momordica charantia L.
• Momordica cissoides Planch. ex Benth.
• Momordica clarkeana King
• Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng.
• Momordica corymbifera Hook.f.
• Momordica cymbalaria Hook.f.
• Momordica denticulata Miq.
• Momordica denudata C.B.Clarke
• Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd.
• Momordica enneaphylla Cogn.
• Momordica foetida Schumach.
• Momordica glabra Zimmerman
• Momordica henriquesii Cogn.

• Momordica involucrata E.Mey.
• Momordica jeffreyana Keraudren
• Momordica laotica Gagnep.
• Momordica leiocarpa Gilg
• Momordica littorea Thulin
• Momordica macrophylla Gage
• Momordica mannii Hook.f.
• Momordica mossambica H.Schaef.
• Momordica multiflora Hook.f.
• Momordica obtusisepala Keraudren
• Momordica parvifolia Cogn.
• Momordica peteri A.Zimm.
• Momordica pterocarpa Hochst.
• Momordica repens Bremek.
• Momordica rostrata A.Zimm.
• Momordica sessilifolia Cogn.
• Momordica silvatica Jongkind
• Momordica suringarii Cogn.
• Momordica trifoliolata Hook.f.
• Momordica welwitschii Hook.f.

Classificação do gênero

Referências

Momordica este un gen din familia Cucurbitaceae cu peste 45 specii de plante anuale sau perene. Reprezentanții se întîlnesc în regiunile tropicale și subtropicale din Africa, Asia și Australia.

Unele dintre ele produc fructe cărnoase de formă alungită sau cilindrică, colorate în nuanțe de oranj până la roșu, acoperite cu țepi sau nodozități care dau un aspect rugos.

Specii

Specii acceptate: ^[1][2]

• Momordica angolensis R.Fernandes
• Momordica angustisepala Harms
• Momordica anigosantha Hook.f.
• Momordica balsamina L.
• Momordica boivinii Baill.
• Momordica cabrae (Cogn.) C.Jeffrey
• Momordica calantha Gilg
• Momordica camerounensis Keraudren
• Momordica cardiospermoides
• Momordica charantia L. („Castravete” amar)
• Momordica cissoides Planch. ex Benth.
• Momordica clarkeana King
• Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng.
• Momordica corymbifera Hook.f.
• Momordica cymbalaria Hook.f.
• Momordica denticulata Miq.
• Momordica denudata C.B.Clarke
• Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd.
• Momordica enneaphylla Cogn.
• Momordica foetida Schumach.
• Momordica glabra Zimmerman
• Momordica henriquesii Cogn.
• Momordica involucrata E.Mey.
• Momordica jeffreyana Keraudren
• Momordica laotica Gagnep.
• Momordica leiocarpa Gilg
• Momordica littorea Thulin
• Momordica macrophylla Gage
• Momordica mannii Hook.f.
• Momordica mossambica H.Schaef.
• Momordica multiflora Hook.f.
• Momordica obtusisepala Keraudren
• Momordica parvifolia Cogn.
• Momordica peteri A.Zimm.
• Momordica pterocarpa Hochst.
• Momordica repens Bremek.
• Momordica rostrata A.Zimm.
• Momordica sessilifolia Cogn.
• Momordica silvatica Jongkind.
• Momordica spinosa Chiov.
• Momordica suringarii Cogn.
• Momordica trifoliolata Hook.f.
• Momordica welwitschii Hook.f.

Note

Legături externe

• http://www.newz.ro/stiri/momordica-charantia-insulina-verde_n47596.html
• http://www1.charanteausa.com/bittermelonstudies/2006/07/17/momordica-charantia-linn-family-cucurbitaceae/
• http://cgi.ebay.it/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItem&item=330237389076
• http://www.mdidea.com/products/herbextract/bittermelon/data.html
• "Castravetele amar, leguma miraculoasă", 14 iulie 2016, youtube.com

• 1 Застосування
• 2 Систематика
• 3 Момордика в Україні
• 4 Посилання

Chi Mướp đắng (danh pháp khoa học: Momordica) là một chi của khoảng 80 loài cây thân thảo dạng dây leo sống một năm hay lâu năm, thuộc về họ Bầu bí (Cucurbitaceae), có nguồn gốc ở vùng nhiệt đới châu Phi và miền nam châu Á.

Trồng và sử dụng

Một số loài trong chi Momordica được trồng để làm cây cảnh hay lấy quả có nhiều cùi thịt, quả có dạng hoặc là tròn, thuôn dài hay hình trụ, có màu từ da cam tới đỏ khi chín, có gai hay bướu ở lớp vỏ.

Các loài thuộc chi Mướp đắng

Một số loài phân bố ở Việt Nam

• Momordica charantia (Mướp đắng)

Bài chi tiết: Mướp đắng

Mướp đắng hay khổ qua (Momordica charantia) có vị đắng, theo Đông y tính hàn, giúp giải nhiệt. Mướp đắng thường được dùng làm thức ăn hay nấu nước trị rôm sảy cho trẻ em.

• Momordica cochinchinensis (Gấc)

Bài chi tiết: Gấc

Gấc (Momordica cochinchinensis) có nạc thường dùng để nhuộm thức ăn.

• Momordica tonkinensis Gagnep.

Tên khác: Thladiantha siamensis Craib, 1914. Là cây Khổ áo xiêm; Khổ áo; Sĩ tử la hán quả^[1]

Các loài khác

Momordica aculeata Poir.
Momordica acuminata Merr.
Momordica affinis De Wild.
Momordica amaniana Cogn.
Momordica angolensis R.Fernandes
Momordica angustisepala Harms
Momordica anigosantha
Hook.f.
Momordica auriculata Noronha
Momordica balsamina L.
Momordica bequaertii De Wild.
Momordica boivinii Baill.
Momordica bracteata Hutch & Dalziel
Momordica bricchettii Chiov.
Momordica cabrae (Cogn.) C.Jeffrey
Momordica calantha Gilg
Momordica camerounensis Keraudren
Momordica cardiospermoides Keraudren
Momordica chinensis Hort.
Momordica clematidea Sond.
Momordica cissoides Planch. ex Benth.
Momordica clarkeana King
Momordica cogniauxiana De Wild.
Momordica cordata Cogn.
Momordica coriacea Cogn.
Momordica corymbifera Hook.f.
Momordica cymbalaria Hook.f.
Momordica denticulata Miq.
Momordica denudata C.B.Clarke
Momordica dictyosperma Griseb
Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd.
Momordica diplotrimera Harms
Momordica dissecta Baker
Momordica eberhardtii Gagnep.
Momordica enneaphylla Cogn.
Momordica fasciculata Cogn.
Momordica foetida Schumach.
Momordica gabonii Cogn.
Momordica glabra Zimmerman
Momordica gracilis De Wild. & T.Durand
Momordica grandibracteata Gilg
Momordica henriquesii Cogn.
Momordica involucrata E.Mey.

Momordica jeffreyana Keraudren Momordica laotica Gagnep.
Momordica laurentii De Wild.
Momordica leiocarpa Gilg
Momordica littorea Thulin
Momordica macrantha Gilg
Momordica macrophylla Gage
Momordica mannii Hook.f.
Momordica marlothi Harms
Momordica martinicensis Hook. ex Wien.
Momordica meloniflora
Hand.-Mazz.
Momordica microphylla Chiov.
Momordica mossambica H.Schaef.
Momordica multicrenulata
Cogn.
Momordica multiflora Hook.f.
Momordica obtusisepala Keraudren
Momordica parvifolia Cogn.
Momordica pauciflora Cogn. ex Harms
Momordica pedisecta Ser.
Momordica peteri A.Zimm.
Momordica pterocarpa Hochst.
Momordica pycnantha Harms
Momordica racemiflora Cogn.
Momordica repens Bremek.
Momordica rostrata A.Zimm.
Momordica rumphii W.J.De Wilde
Momordica runssorica Gilg
Momordica rutshuruensis
De Wild.
Momordica sahyadrica Kattuk. & V.T.Antony
Momordica schinzii Cogn. ex Schinz
Momordica schliebenii Harms
Momordica sessilifolia Cogn.
Momordica silvatica Jongkind
Momordica somalensis Chiov.
Momordica suringarii Cogn.
Momordica subangulata Cogn.
Momordica thollonii Cogn.
Momordica trifoliolata Hook.f.
Momordica welwitschii Hook.f.
Momordica wildemaniana Cogn.

Nguồn:^[2] và ^[3]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

Tham khảo

Bài viết Họ Bầu bí này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.

• x
• t
• s

• Calpidosicyos Harms
• Dimorphochlamys Hook.f.
• Dimorphoclamys Hook.f.
• Eulenburgia Pax
• Muricia Lour.
• Neurosperma Raf.
• Neurospermum Bartl., orth. var.
• Nevrosperma Raf., orth. var.
• Raphanistrocarpus (Baill.) Pax
• Raphanocarpus Hook.f.
• Zucca Comm. ex Juss.

• 1 Некоторые виды
• 2 Примечания
• 3 Литература
• 4 Ссылки

苦瓜属（学名：Momordica）是葫芦科下的一个属，为一年生或多年生藤本植物。该属共有约40余种，分布于热带、亚热带地区。^[1] 苦瓜通常也指绿色的长型苦瓜，其他也可能包括白玉苦瓜、长白苦瓜、山苦瓜、黑苦瓜等等。

参考文献

外部链接

• 維基物種中有關苦瓜属的數據

本文参照

ツルレイシ属（ニガウリ属、Momordica）はウリ科に分類される属である。幾つかの野菜として栽培される種を含み、日本でも栽培されている種がある。果実は突起が多く、完熟すると黄変し、割れて赤い多汁の仮種皮に包まれた種子を露出する。

ツルレイシ属に含まれる植物に下記の種があげられる。

• Momordica charantia - ナガレイシ（広義のツルレイシともされる）
  • var. pavel - ツルレイシ（ニガウリ）
• Momordica cochinchinensis - ナンバンカラスウリ
• Momordica dioica - カックロール

なお、ラカンカ（羅漢果）（Siraitia grosvenorii、旧学名Momordica grosvenori）はこれまでツルレイシ属に分類されていたが、近年になって学名が変更された。

参考文献[編集]

• 初島住彦・天野鉄夫『増補訂正 琉球植物目録』 沖縄生物学会、1994年。

関連項目[編集]

• ヘチマ属