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Bergen, Hordaland Fylke, Norge
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Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Svalbard and Jan Mayen
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All of our major local floras* currently treat Ranunculus sceleratus var. multifidus as an annual, even using that character prominently in taxonomic keys (fortunately, FNA does not). In fact, while it often does seem to behave like an annual, its lifespan is most certainly potentially longer than that (and there are a few references for this taxon from outside Utah that refer to it as an annual or short-lived perennial).This is a plant growing in mid-January after having survived some freezing temperatures (a smaller/newer plant can be seen at left with a Russian Olive drupe that has fallen right on top of it ). It is true that we have had a relative mild winter overall and the life cycle of this buttercup could well be influenced by climatic factors. The center plant pictured however likely germinated and started to grow at least by last fall. It will probably start to bloom in May or June (I have seen plants of this species blooming well into November), and so it can be either a winter annual or biennial and possibly a short-lived perennial depending on conditions.This is a fascinating taxon that is semi-aquatic (although grouped sometimes with terrestrial buttercups which can also lead to confusion in identification) and can grow in shallow pools or on the edges of ponds completely submerged with its leaves floating on the water in its initial aquatic phase. It can however also start growing on moist soil that essentially never dries out. Then when the water level declines but the soil remaining moist, it ultimately produces abundant branching flowering stalks (and as with many other particularly aquatic buttercups, it has strongly dimorphic leaves) and often flowers over a long period of time, dependent no doubt on available moisture. This species is no doubt an important evolutionary link between completely aquatic versus truly terrestrial buttercups.Jan. 17, 2015, Salt Lake County open space, approx. 4,335 ft. elev.*An exception to a local fora that instead treats this differently is Stephen Clark's field guide for the Flora of the Central Wasatch (and adjacent valleys) dated January 2012. In his key, he includes it in a section of perennials (with no reference to it being an annual). This really though isn't exactly right either and could also lead to misidentifications.
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Ranunculus muricatus L., syn.: Ranunculus graecus Griseb. Ranunculus lavrentiadis Papan. & KokkiniFamily: Ranunculaceae Juss.EN: Rough-fruited buttercup, Spinyfruit buttercup, DE: Stachelfrchtiger HahnenfuSlo.: bodiastoplodna zlaticaDat.: May 11. 2019Lat.: 45.07346 Long.: 14.44561Code: Bot_1197/2019_DSC5795Habitat: on the shore of an abandoned and overgrown natural water pool, almost flat terrain; wet ground; calcareous bedrock; sunny place; elevation 105 m (345 feet); average precipitations ~ 1.000 mm/year, average temperature 12-13 deg C, sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Adriatic Sea, island Krk, otovento region, west-southwest of village Brzac, Kvarner bay, Rijeka region, Croatia EC.Comment: Ranunculus muricatus is a Mediterranean, warmth loving plant. It is native in all countries around Mediterranean and Black Sea. However, it is also introduced to several other European countries. The plant loves, apart of the sun, moist ground and is not tolerant to Mediterranean dry ground during summer heat. The genus Ranunculus is huge. In spite of this, it is easy to identify Ranunculus muricatus by the shape of its leaves, characteristic shape of its spiny fruits (see Fig. 3) and moist environment. It is rare plant in Slovenia and can be found only on few places near Adriatic Sea shore. On Adriatic islands it is much more frequent. Ref.:(1) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 142. (2) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 166.(3) R. Domac, Flora Hrvatske (Flora of Croatia) (in Croatian), kolska Knjiga, Zagreb (1994), p 103.
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Briantspuddle, England, United Kingdom
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Hulsonniaux, Namur, Belgium
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Tasmania, Australia
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Sallent de Gllego, el Pirineo: Aragn (Espaa)Familia: RANUNCULACEAEDistribucin: Se distribuye por el S de Europa y N de frica. Extendida por casi toda la Pennsula Ibrica, aunque falta en partes del N, NE y SE. En Aragn se reparte por todo el territorio, pero slo es frecuente en el Sistema Ibrico, donde se concentra en las zonas frescas de montaa, rehuyendo las parameras y depresiones interiores. Es rara en el Pirineo y muy escasa y localizada en la Depresin del Ebro.Hbitat: Pastos y herbazales frescos, juncales, generalmente sobre suelos profundos, en claros y orlas de bosques, depresiones hmedas o bordes de arroyos, colonizando tambin ocasionalmente campos abandonados, ribazos y cunetas.Preferencia edfica: Indiferente Rango altitudinal: ( 300 ) 500- 2000 ( 2200 ) m Floracin: ( Marzo ) Abril - Agosto ( Septiembre )Forma Biolgica: Hemicriptfito escaposoExtractado del Atlas de la Flora de Aragn (Herbario de Jaca)
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Chemnitz, Saxony, Germany
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close up image of Ranunculus abortivus SMALL-FLOWERED BUTTERCUP at the James Woodworth Prairie Preserve - showing several blooms, flower buds, and seed pods
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Sallent de Gllego: Aragn (Espaa)El Pirineo.Familia: RANUNCULACEAEDistribucin: Endemismo de ptimo cntabro-pirenaico, que se extiende tambin al Sistema Ibrico septentrional, Pea Trevinca y Sierra de Bjar. En Aragn se distribuye por el Alto Pirineo, con su lmite meridional en el Cotiella.Hbitat: Cervunales y otros pastos subalpinos innivados, ventisqueros, crestas pedregosas, donde florece en masa apenas funde la nieve.Preferencia edfica: Acidfila Rango altitudinal: ( 1650 ) 1700- 2250 ( 2500 ) m Floracin: Mayo - Julio ( Agosto )Forma Biolgica: Hemicriptfito escaposo Extractado del Atlas de la Flora de Aragn (Herbario de Jaca)
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Condeixa-a-Nova, Coimbra, Portugal
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2010-11-13 Burgenland, district Oberwart (Lafnitz wet meadows, 320 m AMSL).Flower.ID: Fischer & al., Exkursionsflora A FL SdT (3rd 2008); because of asexual reproduction split into several subspecies which to determine goes beyond my skills.
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Ranunculus trichophyllus s.str. Chaix, syn.: Batrachium trichophyllum (Chaix) F. W. Schultz, Ranunculus divaricatus SchrankFamily: RanunculaceaeSubgenus: BatrachiumEN: Threadleaf Crowfoot, Thread-leaved Water Crowfoot, DE: Gewhnlicher Harrblat WasserhahnenfuSlo.: lasastolistna vodna zlaticaDat.: April 24. 2018Lat.: 45.09614 Long.: 14.49151 (WGS84)Code: Bot_1126/2018_DSC2186Habitat: Water pond in the midst of forest; flat terrain; calcareous ground; partly sunny;elevation 72 m (235 feet); average precipitations about 1.000 mm/year, average temperature 13-14 deg C, Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: West island Krk, Adriatic Sea, between villages Poljica and Turi, Kvarner bay, Croatia EC. Comment: The number of species in the genus Ranunculus - buttercups - is very large (about 600). Vast majority of them are terrestrial plants. Several are well known and common inhabitants of meadows. Yet, a small group of them (subgenus Batrachium) is living in still or slowly running waters. They are all relatively rare because their habitats are quickly disappearing because of human greed for useful land. These plants are all very variable and change their habit greatly depending on growth conditions - from floods to almost dry mud. Hence, their determination is often difficult. This find seems relatively a simple case in this respect. Plants' robust habit (from 0.5 to 3 m long stems up to 5 mm in diameter), small flowers (max 12 mm in diameter; that is significantly less than with most probable alternatives Ranunculus peltatus or Ranunculus aquatilis), petals, which are relatively narrow and do not overlap, roundish receptacle (the part of the peduncle where the flowers are born), sickle shaped nectary groves, absence of leaves floating on water surface, soft underwater leaves (they stick together and form a 'brush' when taken out of water) and the fact that floating stems are not rooting at the nodes or eventually only weakly and near their base, all this speaks in favor of Ranunculus trichophyllus.Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 280.(2) W.K. Rottensteiner, Exkursionsflora fr Istrien, Verlag des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins Krten (2014), p 791.(3) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 141. (4) (x) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 140.(5) H. Haeupler, T. Muer, Bildatlas der Farn- und Bluetenpflazen Deutschlands, Ulmer (2000), p 65.
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Flint, Western Australia, Australia
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Known in the southern Andes of Chile and Argentina as Ranuculo and as Centella.
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Frodsley, Tasmania, Australia
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Sallent de Gllego: Aragn (Espaa)El Pirineo.Familia: RANUNCULACEAEDistribucin: Endemismo de los Pirineos, desde Gerona hasta el monte Orhy, en los lmites de Navarra con Francia. En Aragn es exclusiva del Alto Pirineo, con su lmite S en la Sierra de Cha.Hbitat: Pastizales algo hmedos sobre suelos cidos, sobre todo cervunales innivados y pastos de Festuca eskia en laderas inclinadas.Preferencia edfica: Acidfila Rango altitudinal: ( 1700 ) 1800- 2800 ( 3000 ) m Floracin: ( Mayo ) Junio - Julio ( Agosto )Forma Biolgica: Hemicriptfito escaposoExtractado del Atlas de la Flora de Aragn (Herbario de Jaca)
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Lillehammer, Oppland Fylke, Norway