dcsimg

Benefits

provided by Animal Diversity Web

Insect populations are kept in check by these bats, and some locals use the dung for fertilizer (Nowak, 1999; Pavey, 1998).

Positive Impacts: produces fertilizer; controls pest population

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
bibliographic citation
Lundrigan, B. and S. Baker 2003. "Hipposideros diadema" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Hipposideros_diadema.html
editor
Barbara Lundrigan, Michigan State University
author
Steve Baker, Michigan State University
original
visit source
partner site
Animal Diversity Web

Conservation Status

provided by Animal Diversity Web

The Malayan leaf-nosed bat is not currently endangered or threatened. It was listed as "lower risk - least concern" on the 1996 RedList, but has since been removed from that list.

US Migratory Bird Act: no special status

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
bibliographic citation
Lundrigan, B. and S. Baker 2003. "Hipposideros diadema" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Hipposideros_diadema.html
editor
Barbara Lundrigan, Michigan State University
author
Steve Baker, Michigan State University
original
visit source
partner site
Animal Diversity Web

Behavior

provided by Animal Diversity Web

Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
bibliographic citation
Lundrigan, B. and S. Baker 2003. "Hipposideros diadema" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Hipposideros_diadema.html
editor
Barbara Lundrigan, Michigan State University
author
Steve Baker, Michigan State University
original
visit source
partner site
Animal Diversity Web

Untitled

provided by Animal Diversity Web

There has been some controversy over the classification of the hipposiderid bats. Koopman (1993) and the majority of others have the subfamily Hipposiderinae listed under the family Rhinolophidae (Feldhamer, 1999). However, Hill and Smith (1984) and several others classify Hipposideridae as a separate family from the rhinolophid horseshoe bats (Eisentraut, 1975).

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
bibliographic citation
Lundrigan, B. and S. Baker 2003. "Hipposideros diadema" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Hipposideros_diadema.html
editor
Barbara Lundrigan, Michigan State University
author
Steve Baker, Michigan State University
original
visit source
partner site
Animal Diversity Web

Benefits

provided by Animal Diversity Web

It is extremely rare, only when harassed or cornered, but these bats can have a painful bite, and they carry a myriad of parasites, most of which have no effect on humans (Uchikawa, 1983).

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
bibliographic citation
Lundrigan, B. and S. Baker 2003. "Hipposideros diadema" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Hipposideros_diadema.html
editor
Barbara Lundrigan, Michigan State University
author
Steve Baker, Michigan State University
original
visit source
partner site
Animal Diversity Web

Associations

provided by Animal Diversity Web

These bats are vital in controlling insect populations within natural communities. Their feces are also very nutritive and help fertilize plant flora (Nowak, 1999).

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
bibliographic citation
Lundrigan, B. and S. Baker 2003. "Hipposideros diadema" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Hipposideros_diadema.html
editor
Barbara Lundrigan, Michigan State University
author
Steve Baker, Michigan State University
original
visit source
partner site
Animal Diversity Web

Trophic Strategy

provided by Animal Diversity Web

These bats are usually insectivorous (Feldhamer, 1999). The diet varies depending on specific location, but they tend to prefer insects such as coleopterans (beetles), lepidoterans (butterflies and moths), and those within the orthopteroid (grasshoppers) orders. However, they will prey on small birds and spiders, albeit rarely. Thus, H. diadema is sometimes classified as an 'occasional carnivore' (Pavey, 1997).

These bats are extremely adept predators. By using echolocation, intensified through their highly modified nose and nostrils, they achieve very high rates of success (Gobbel, 2002). A constant frequency call is emitted around 50 to 58 kilohertz, and maintained for 20 to 30 seconds at a time (Jen, 1982; Fenton, 1982). They are not continuous flight hunters; instead, they prefer to take short flights from their perches and intercept the prey in midair (Pavey, 1998). When hunting, they usually fly over a stream or creek that is covered in canopy. They very rarely venture out over open water (Fenton, 1982). Lepidopterans (eared moths) make up a significant portion of their diet, and these insects have an auditory range from 20 to 50 kHz. Research has shown that these insects can sense the echolocation pulses and have learned to evade or hide from the attacking bats (Pavey, 1998).

Animal Foods: birds; insects; terrestrial non-insect arthropods

Primary Diet: carnivore (Insectivore )

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
bibliographic citation
Lundrigan, B. and S. Baker 2003. "Hipposideros diadema" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Hipposideros_diadema.html
editor
Barbara Lundrigan, Michigan State University
author
Steve Baker, Michigan State University
original
visit source
partner site
Animal Diversity Web

Distribution

provided by Animal Diversity Web

The Malayan leaf-nosed bat is the most widespread of the subfamily Hipposiderinae. It ranges from northern Australia to New Guinea and southeastern Asia. This includes the Nicobar Islands, Indonesia, southern Burma and Thailand, Philippines, Timor, Solomon Islands, northeastern Queensland, Sunda Islands, Indochina, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and the Kangean Islands (Nowak, 1999; Kitchener, 1992).

Biogeographic Regions: oriental (Native )

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
bibliographic citation
Lundrigan, B. and S. Baker 2003. "Hipposideros diadema" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Hipposideros_diadema.html
editor
Barbara Lundrigan, Michigan State University
author
Steve Baker, Michigan State University
original
visit source
partner site
Animal Diversity Web

Habitat

provided by Animal Diversity Web

These bats typically roost in large caves, hollow trees and buildings (Nowak, 1999). In Australia, they prefer tall limestone towers within which thousands of these bats congregate (Fenton, 1982). They typically forage along rivers in forested habitats.

Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; rainforest

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
bibliographic citation
Lundrigan, B. and S. Baker 2003. "Hipposideros diadema" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Hipposideros_diadema.html
editor
Barbara Lundrigan, Michigan State University
author
Steve Baker, Michigan State University
original
visit source
partner site
Animal Diversity Web

Life Expectancy

provided by Animal Diversity Web

The large Malayan leaf-nosed bat typically lives between four and seven years in the wild, but can live up to twelve in captivity (Nowak, 1999).

Range lifespan
Status: captivity:
12 (high) years.

Typical lifespan
Status: wild:
7 (high) years.

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
bibliographic citation
Lundrigan, B. and S. Baker 2003. "Hipposideros diadema" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Hipposideros_diadema.html
editor
Barbara Lundrigan, Michigan State University
author
Steve Baker, Michigan State University
original
visit source
partner site
Animal Diversity Web

Morphology

provided by Animal Diversity Web

These bats are named for their complex anterior nose leaf, which is horseshoe-shaped and located on the slightly inflated nasal region. This nose shape evolved to assist in echolocation, adding the noseleaf and the associated intricate musculature to help the nose resonate more effectively (Gobbel, 2002). The transverse leaf is erect, and in contrast to the nose leaf of other rhinolopids, there is no median projection (sella)(Feldhamer, 1999). They have huge ears mainly because of the well-developed antitragus, while no tragus is present (DeBlase, 1991). Males have a sac located posterior to the nose which can secrete a waxy substance, thought to be used in attracting mates and status determination. Body length ranges from six to ten centimeters when adult, with brown fur covering all but the limbs. The underbelly is paler in color, and white spots can be found in the shoulder region. Adults weigh between 34 and 50 grams, and the wingspan is approximately 15 to 22 cm. Hefty claws are found on the hind limbs, and a single claw on each of the forelimbs (Nowak, 1999). Each toe of the foot has two phalanges, and the short tail is usually enclosed within the small uropatagium (Feldhamer, 1999). The dental formula is 1/2 1/1 2/2 3/3, molars are dilambdodont, and hefty enamel tubules are present at dentin-enamel junctions (Lester, 1987). The oral region of the skull exhibits premaxillary palatal branches that are fused medially, and widely separated from the maxillae laterally (spatulate) (DeBlase, 1981).

Range mass: 34 to 50 g.

Range length: 6 to 10 cm.

Range wingspan: 15 to 22 cm.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
bibliographic citation
Lundrigan, B. and S. Baker 2003. "Hipposideros diadema" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Hipposideros_diadema.html
editor
Barbara Lundrigan, Michigan State University
author
Steve Baker, Michigan State University
original
visit source
partner site
Animal Diversity Web

Associations

provided by Animal Diversity Web

These bats are probably preyed on by large, nocturnal birds of prey, such as owls and in roosts by snakes and small mammalian carnivores, such as Malayan civets (Viverra tangalunga).

Known Predators:

  • owls (Strigiformes)
  • snakes (Serpentes)
  • civets (Viverridae)
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
bibliographic citation
Lundrigan, B. and S. Baker 2003. "Hipposideros diadema" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Hipposideros_diadema.html
editor
Barbara Lundrigan, Michigan State University
author
Steve Baker, Michigan State University
original
visit source
partner site
Animal Diversity Web

Reproduction

provided by Animal Diversity Web

One breeding season exists, and birthing and lactation coincide with the maximum quantity of insects in the spring. One young is born per litter. Male competition involves some physical skirmishes, but mainly the secretion and detection of a waxy material from behind the nose (Feldhamer, 1999). Interestingly, females congregate in large groups during March and April, during which each one gives birth to a single offspring (Nowak, 1999). The mother remains intimate with the young until weaning, when the juvenile usually becomes independent.

Key Reproductive Features: gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
bibliographic citation
Lundrigan, B. and S. Baker 2003. "Hipposideros diadema" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Hipposideros_diadema.html
editor
Barbara Lundrigan, Michigan State University
author
Steve Baker, Michigan State University
original
visit source
partner site
Animal Diversity Web

Biology

provided by Arkive
Diadem roundleaf bats are predominantly insectivorous, feeding mostly on large insects, favouring beetles, grasshoppers and locusts, and moths (10) (11). This species is also carnivorous having been recorded feeding on birds at two sites in Australia (10). The main foraging method is perch hunting which is a low-energy strategy. Its prey commonly move with direct and predictable flight paths, making it possible for the bats to hang from a tree branch, up to ten metres above the ground, waiting for a suitable insect to fly past. Whilst at the perch, the bat scans the area using echolocation at a constant frequency of 58 to 60 kilohertz. Once it has detected an insect, it drops from its perch and flies fast and straight to snatch its quarry from the air. The size of the pup relative to the mother in insectivorous bats is remarkable. This species can give birth to a single pup weighing 13 grams – a quarter of its mother's weight. The mother must carry the pup on foraging trips until it is developed enough to fly and feed alone. By one year the young diadem roundleaf bat will be ready to breed (3).
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Wildscreen
original
visit source
partner site
Arkive

Conservation

provided by Arkive
Deforestation of primary forest, especially for oil palm plantations, and in particular within protected areas, is an issue of major concern and one that relies on both governmental and consumer action. Some large retailers have agreed, in collaboration with the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), to source products containing palm oil from plantations that are not on deforested land (12). Many scientific and charitable groups contribute to bat monitoring and local education programmes that can help to reduce persecution and raise awareness of the natural assets of the land (14).
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Wildscreen
original
visit source
partner site
Arkive

Description

provided by Arkive
An impressive sight amongst the trees of the rainforest, this large bat is a formidable hunter with a wingspan of up to half a metre. Readily identifiable by its pig-like face, the diadem roundleaf bat also possesses distinctive white flashes on the shoulders, contrasting with the reddish-brown back and light-brown underside. The colour varies quite strongly between individuals, and females are generally more orange. The noseleaf is pink and highly convoluted, but the ears are brown (3).
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Wildscreen
original
visit source
partner site
Arkive

Habitat

provided by Arkive
With a heavy body and long, narrow wings, the diadem roundleaf bat is adept at fast flight but has relatively poor manoeuvring ability. It has adapted to foraging in gaps in forests, such as around tree falls or above rivers. This bat species is not restricted to rainforest and in outback Australia it forages within eucalypt woodland and open forest, deciduous vine thicket and within towns (7). Individuals are known to forage up to two and a half kilometres from the roost during the course of the night (7). During the day it roosts in small groups in caves, old mines and sheds, hollow trees and tree branches (8) (9).
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Wildscreen
original
visit source
partner site
Arkive

Range

provided by Arkive
This species is widespread, occurring from Southeast Asia to North Queensland, Australia. It has many subspecies; Hipposideros diadema anderseni (Philippines), H. d. ceramensis (Moluccas), H. d. custos (Kei Islands), H. d. enganus (Sumatra) (5), H. d. inornatus (Northern Territory, Australia) (2), H. d. masoni (Borneo) (6), H. d. natuensis (Natuna Islands and Bunguran Island), H. d. reginae (North Queensland, Australia) (2), and H. d. speculator (Sulawesi) (5).
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Wildscreen
original
visit source
partner site
Arkive

Status

provided by Arkive
Classified as Lower Risk / Least Concern (LR/lc) on the IUCN Red List 2007 (1).
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Wildscreen
original
visit source
partner site
Arkive

Threats

provided by Arkive
Habitat loss and degradation is the biggest problem facing the diadem roundleaf bat. Deforestation continues at a steady rate for conversion to agricultural land and building communities. Of particular concern is the extensive loss of primary forest due to the rapid increase in land devoted to growing oil palm. Together, Malaysia and Indonesia export 88 percent of the world's palm oil, for use in products such as margarine, lipstick and detergent (13). Disturbance of roost sites is also an issue (7), and despite the contribution of many bats in the control of insect crop pests, persecution of bats is also a threat (12).
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Wildscreen
original
visit source
partner site
Arkive

Ratpenat nasofoliat de diadema ( Catalan; Valencian )

provided by wikipedia CA

El ratpenat nasofoliat de diadema (Hipposideros diadema) és una espècie de ratpenat de la família dels hiposidèrids. Viu a Austràlia, Cambodja, l'Índia, Indonèsia (Irian Jaya, Jawa, Kalimantan, Lesser Sunda Is., Maluku, Sulawesi, Sumatera), Laos, Malàisia (Malàisia Peninsular, Sabah, Sarawak), Myanmar, Papua Nova Guinea, Filipines, Illes Salomó, Tailàndia, Timor Oriental i el Vietnam. El seu hàbitat natural són els boscos de galeria, les piscines i també es troben en els boscos pertorbats. No hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie, tot i que està afectada per caça i l'explotació de coves.[1]

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Ratpenat nasofoliat de diadema Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
  1. Csorba, G.; Bumrungsri, S.; Francis, C.; Helgen, Bates, P.; Gumal, M.; Kingston, T.; Balete, D.; Esselstyn, J.; Heaney, L.. Hipposideros diadema. UICN 2008. Llista Vermella d'espècies amenaçades de la UICN, edició 2008, consultada el 26-04-2013.
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autors i editors de Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia CA

Ratpenat nasofoliat de diadema: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

provided by wikipedia CA

El ratpenat nasofoliat de diadema (Hipposideros diadema) és una espècie de ratpenat de la família dels hiposidèrids. Viu a Austràlia, Cambodja, l'Índia, Indonèsia (Irian Jaya, Jawa, Kalimantan, Lesser Sunda Is., Maluku, Sulawesi, Sumatera), Laos, Malàisia (Malàisia Peninsular, Sabah, Sarawak), Myanmar, Papua Nova Guinea, Filipines, Illes Salomó, Tailàndia, Timor Oriental i el Vietnam. El seu hàbitat natural són els boscos de galeria, les piscines i també es troben en els boscos pertorbats. No hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie, tot i que està afectada per caça i l'explotació de coves.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autors i editors de Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia CA

Diadem leaf-nosed bat

provided by wikipedia EN

The diadem leaf-nosed bat[2] or diadem roundleaf bat (Hipposideros diadema) is one of the most widespread species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is probably most closely related to Hipposideros demissus from Makira and to Hipposideros inornatus from the Northern Territory in Australia. Hipposideros diadema is found in Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam.

Description

Hipposideros diadema is named for its complex anterior nose leaf, which is horseshoe-shaped and located on the slightly inflated nasal region. This nose shaped evolved to assist in echolocation, adding the noseleaf and the associated intricate musculature to help the nose resonate more effectively.[3] The transverse leaf is erect and there is no median projection.[4] They have huge ears mainly because of the well developed antitragus, while no tragus is present.[5] Males have a sac located posterior to the nose which can secrete a waxy substance, thought to be used in attracting mates and status determination. Body length ranges from six to ten centimeters when adult, with brown fur covering all but the limbs. The underbelly is paler in color, and white spots can be found in the shoulder region. Adults weigh between 34 and 50 grams, and the wingspan is approximately 15 to 22 cm. Hefty claws are found on the hind limbs, and a single claw on each of the forelimbs.[6] Each toe of the foot has two phalanges, and the short tail is usually enclosed within the small uropatagium.[4] The dental formula is 1/2 1/1 2/2 3/3, molars are dilambdodont, and hefty enamel tubules are present at dentin-enamel junctions.[7] The oral region of the skull exhibits premaxillary palatal branches that are fused medially, and widely separated from the maxillae laterally.[5]

Reproduction

One breeding season exists, and birthing and lactation coincide with the maximum quantity of insects in the spring. One young is born per litter. Male competition involves some physical skirmishes, but mainly the secretion and detection of a waxy material from behind the nose.[4] Females congregate in large groups during March and April, during which each one gives birth to a single offspring.[6] The mother remains intimate with the young until weaning when the juvenile usually becomes independent.

Habitat

With a heavy body and long, narrow wings, the Hipposideros diadema is adept at fast flight but has relatively poor maneuvering ability. It has adapted to foraging in gaps in forests, such as around tree falls or above rivers. This bat species is not restricted to rain-forest and in outback Australia it forages within eucalypt woodland and open forest, deciduous vine thicket and within towns.[8] Individuals are known to forage up to two and a half kilometers from the roost during the course of the night.[8] During the day it roost in small groups in caves, old mines, sheds, hollow trees and tree branches.

Lifespan

The Hipposideros diadema typically lives between four and seven years in the wild, but can live up to twelve years in captivity.[6]

Behavior

These bats are nocturnal and gregarious. They congregate and live in groups that can be as large as two to three thousands individuals. Not on an individual level, but as a colony, there seems to be some territoriality exhibited.[6] It is extremely rare case for these bats to attack humans. But when harassed or cornered, these bats can have a painful bite. They carry a myriad of parasites, most of which have no effect on humans however.[9]

Food habits

The Hipposideros diadema are usually insectivorous.[4] The diet varies depending on specific location, but they tend to prefer insects such as coleopterans (beetles), lepidopterans (butterflies and moths), and those within the orthopteroid (grasshoppers) orders. However, they will prey on small birds and spiders rarely. Thus, the Hipposideros diadema is sometime classified as an occasional carnivore.[10] These bats are extremely adept predators. By using echolocation, intensified through their highly modified nose and nostrils, they achieve very high rate of success.[3] A constant frequency call is emitted around 50 to 58 kHz, and maintained for 20 to 30 seconds at a time.[11] They are not continuous flight hunters, instead they prefer to take short flights from their perches and intercept the prey in midair.[12] This perch hunting strategy is a low-energy method of acquiring their food. When hunting, they usually fly over a stream or creek that is covered in canopy. They very rarely venture out over open water.[11] Lepidopterans (eared moths) make up a significant portion of their diet and these insects have an auditory range from 20 to 50 kHz. Research has shown that these insects can sense the echolocation pulses and have learned to evade or hide from the attacking bats.[12] Aside from beetles and moths, other insects consumed include weevils and katydids to which the soft parts of such insects are consumed and the inedible parts, such as wings, carapace, and legs are discarded below their perch.[13]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hipposideros diadema.
  1. ^ Aguilar, J.; Waldien, D.L. (2021). "Hipposideros diadema". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T10128A22095445. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T10128A22095445.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  2. ^ Van Dyke, S. and Strahan, R. (eds.) (2008) The Mammals of Australia, Third Edition, New Holland / Queensland Museum, Brisbane ISBN 978-1-877069-25-3
  3. ^ a b Gobbel, L. 2002. Morphology of the external nose in *Hipposideros diadema* and *Lavia frons* with comments on its diversity and evolution among leaf-nosed microchiroptera. Cells Tissues Organs, 170(1): 36-60.
  4. ^ a b c d Feldhamer, G., L. Drickamer, S. Vessey, J. Merritt. 1999. Mammalogy. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  5. ^ a b DeBlase, A., R. Martin. 1981. A Manual of Mammalogy. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  6. ^ a b c d Nowak, R. 1999. Walker's Mammals of the World. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press.
  7. ^ Lester, K., S. Hand. 1987. Chiropteran enamel structure. Journal of Scanning Microscopy, 1(1): 421-436.
  8. ^ a b Pavey, C. 1998. Colony sizes, roost use and foraging ecology of *Hipposideros diadema* reginae, a rare bat from tropical Australia. Pacific Conservation Biology, 4(3): 232-239.
  9. ^ Uchikawa, K., M. Harada, S. Yenbutra, S. Ohtani. 1983. Bat myobiidae from Thailand (Acari, Trombidiformes). Acarologia, 24(2): 169-180.
  10. ^ Pavey, C., C. Burwell. Oct. 1997. The diet of the diadem leaf-nosed bat, *Hipposideros diadema*: confirmation of a morphologically-based prediction of carnivory. Journal of Zoology, 243(2): 295-303.
  11. ^ a b Fenton, M. 1982. Echolocation calls and patterns of hunting and habitat use of bats (Microchiroptera) from Chillagoe, North Queensland, Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology, (30)3: 417-426.
  12. ^ a b Pavey, C. 1998. Bat predation on eared moths: a test of the allotonic frequency hypothesis. OIKOS, 81(1): 143-151.
  13. ^ "Diadem Roundleaf Bat - Hipposideros diadema". ecologyasia.com.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EN

Diadem leaf-nosed bat: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

The diadem leaf-nosed bat or diadem roundleaf bat (Hipposideros diadema) is one of the most widespread species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is probably most closely related to Hipposideros demissus from Makira and to Hipposideros inornatus from the Northern Territory in Australia. Hipposideros diadema is found in Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EN

Hipposideros diadema ( Basque )

provided by wikipedia EU

Hipposideros diadema Hipposideros generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Hipposideridae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)Mammals - full taxonomy and Red List status Ugaztun guztien egoera 2008an
  2. E. Geoffroy (1813) 20 Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris 263. or..

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipediako egileak eta editoreak
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EU

Hipposideros diadema: Brief Summary ( Basque )

provided by wikipedia EU

Hipposideros diadema Hipposideros generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Hipposideridae familian sailkatuta dago.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipediako egileak eta editoreak
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EU

Hipposideros diadema ( Italian )

provided by wikipedia IT

Hipposideros diadema (E.Geoffroy, 1813) è un pipistrello della famiglia degli Ipposideridi diffuso nell'Ecozona orientale e australasiana.[1][2]

Descrizione

Dimensioni

Pipistrello di grandi dimensioni, con la lunghezza della testa e del corpo tra 74 e 98 mm, la lunghezza dell'avambraccio tra 77 e 88 mm, la lunghezza della coda tra 39 e 65 mm, la lunghezza del piede tra 10,8 e 21 mm, la lunghezza delle orecchie tra 28 e 32 mm, un'apertura alare fino a 45 cm e un peso fino a 53 g.[3]

Aspetto

Le parti dorsali sono marroni scure, con la base dei peli chiara e con delle macchie bianche sulle spalle e delle strisce lungo i fianchi all'attaccatura delle ali, mentre le parti ventrali sono bianco-grigiastre. Le orecchie sono grandi, triangolari e con una concavità sul bordo posteriore appena sotto l'estremità appuntita. La foglia nasale presenta una porzione anteriore priva di incavo centrale e con tre fogliette supplementari su ogni lato, un setto nasale non rigonfio e con due alette ben sviluppate intorno alle narici, una porzione intermedia larga con una protuberanza centrale, una porzione posteriore elevata con il margine superiore carnoso e semi-circolare e provvista di un setto centrale ben sviluppato e due laterali poco distinti che la dividono in quattro celle. La coda è lunga e si estende leggermente oltre l'ampio uropatagio. Il cariotipo è 2n=32 FNa=60.

Ecolocazione

Emette ultrasuoni ad alto ciclo di lavoro sotto forma di impulsi di media durata a frequenza costante di 64–70 kHz a Giava, 44–48 kHz a Sulawesi e 54–59 kHz in Nuova Guinea.

Biologia

Comportamento

Si rifugia di giorno nelle zone più oscure di grotte, miniere, gallerie, edifici abbandonati e cavità degli alberi dove forma colonie numerose, particolarmente vivai, fino a 8.000 tra femmine e loro piccoli. I maschi tendono ad essere solitari o a formare piccoli gruppi. Durante periodi freddi entra in uno stato di torpore, nel quale riduce il suo metabolismo di circa il 30%, sebbene la temperatura corporea rimanga per lo più costante. Effettua spostamenti fino a 10 km per procurarsi cibo e può volare anche durante precipitazioni leggere.

Alimentazione

Si nutre di grossi insetti come coleotteri, falene e anche formiche. Utilizza la tecnica dell'appostamento su di un tronco dell'albero, dove scansiona l'ambiente circostante attraverso gli ultrasuoni alla ricerca delle prede, che dopo essere state catturate in volo, tra la vegetazione o al suolo, vengono divorate nuovamente sul posatoio.

Riproduzione

Danno alla luce un piccolo alla volta l'anno, più raramente una coppia. Femmine gravide sono state osservate tra gennaio e febbraio, mentre altre che allattavano da giugno ad ottobre.

Distribuzione e habitat

Questa specie è diffusa nell'Ecozona orientale dall'Indocina a Sulawesi e Filippine attraverso le Molucche e la Nuova Guinea fino all'Australia nord-orientale e le Isole Salomone.

Vive nelle foreste pluviali primarie e secondarie, boschi, giardini e piantagioni fino a 1.300 metri di altitudine.

Tassonomia

Sono state riconosciute 15 sottospecie:

Stato di conservazione

La IUCN Red List, considerato il vasto areale, la popolazione presumibilmente numerosa, la presenza in diverse aree protette e la tolleranza alle modifiche ambientali, classifica H.diadema come specie a rischio minimo (LC).[1]

Note

  1. ^ a b c (EN) Csorba, G., Bumrungsri, S., Francis, C., Helgen, Bates, P., Gumal, M., Kingston, T., Balete, D., Esselstyn, J. & Heaney, L. 2008, Hipposideros diadema, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ (EN) D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder, Hipposideros diadema, in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  3. ^ Bonaccorso, 1998.

Bibliografia

  • B. Lekagul & J.A. McNeely, Mammals of Thailand, Bangkok, 1977, ISBN 974-86806-1-4.
  • Tim F. Flannery, Mammals of New Guinea, Cornell University Press, 1995, ISBN 978-0-8014-3149-4.
  • Tim F. Flannery, Mammals of the South-West Pacific and Moluccan Islands, Cornell University Press, 1995, ISBN 978-0-8014-3150-0.
  • Frank J. Bonaccorso, Bats of Papua New Guinea, Conservation International, 1998, ISBN 978-1-881173-26-7.
  • Charles M.Francis, A Guide to the Mammals of Southeast Asia, Princeton University Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0-691-13551-9.

 title=
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia IT

Hipposideros diadema: Brief Summary ( Italian )

provided by wikipedia IT

Hipposideros diadema (E.Geoffroy, 1813) è un pipistrello della famiglia degli Ipposideridi diffuso nell'Ecozona orientale e australasiana.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia IT

Hipposideros diadema ( Dutch; Flemish )

provided by wikipedia NL

Hipposideros diadema is een vleermuis uit het geslacht Hipposideros die voorkomt in Zuidoost-Azië, Melanesië en Noordoost-Australië. Het is één van de meest wijdverbreide soorten van zijn familie, de bladneusvleermuizen van de Oude Wereld (Hipposideridae).[2]

Het dier onderscheidt zich van andere Hipposideriae door de vorm van het neusblad, de grote puntige oren en de kleine ogen. Hij voedt zich vooral met grotere insecten en foerageert in diverse omgevingen. De soort Hipposideros diadema omvat een groot aantal ondersoorten; de geldigheid van veel van deze ondersoorten is echter onduidelijk.

Naamgeving

De geslachtsnaam Hipposideros komt van de Griekse woorden voor "paard" (ἳππος, hippos) en "ijzer" (σίδηρος, sideros) en betekent "hoefijzer", een verwijzing naar het ingewikkelde neusblad waar soorten van dit geslacht door gekenmerkt worden. De soortnaam diadema is Latijn voor "hoofdband" of "diadeem".[3]

Uiterlijke kenmerken

Hipposideros diadema is een zeer grote bladneusvleermuis; in veel delen van zijn verspreidingsgebied is H. diadema de grootste van alle daar voorkomende Hipposideridae. De vorm van het neusblad verschilt van die van andere soorten: er zitten drie kleine neusbladen aan de zijkant en in het midden is een grote ronde knop te zien.[3] Bij volwassen exemplaren zijn mannetjes meestal wat groter dan vrouwtjes.[4] De rug is veelal donker- of goudbruin, zoals in de Filipijnen; de Australische exemplaren hebben daarentegen een lichtbruine rug. De onderkant van de vleermuis is wit of lichtbruin. Op de schouders en de rug komen vaak witte vlekken voor. De H. diadema heeft grote, puntige oren en zeer kleine ogen.[5][6]

Afmetingen en lichaamsgewicht

In onderstaande tabel zijn minimale en maximale waarden vermeld van de lengtematen en het lichaamsgewicht van H. diadema; de meetwaarden zijn afgerond op hele eenheden. Een gedetailleerde opgave naar verspreidingsgebied is opgenomen onder het kopje "Taxonomie".

Kop-romplengte Staartlengte Voorarmlengte Tibialengte Oorlengte Lichaamsgewicht 74–96 mm 41–60 mm 65–93 mm 31–36 mm 23–35 mm 31-53 g

Karyotype

Exemplaren van Hipposideros diadema uit zowel Borneo als Leyte hebben een karyotype (rangschikking van chromosomen) van 2n=32, FN=60, net als veel andere Hipposideros-soorten.[7]

Leefwijze en gedrag

 src=
Net als veel andere vleermuizen is Hipposideros diadema 's nachts actief.

Net als veel andere vleermuizen zijn ook de leden van deze soort 's nachts actief. In Australië brengt de vleermuis de dag door in grotten, mijnen of gebouwen; in de Filipijnen gebruikt hij grotten, boomholtes en tunnels.[5][8] Op Nieuw-Ierland en Nieuw-Brittannië is deze soort in grotten gevonden. De dieren hangen daar apart, op 30 tot 50 centimeter van elkaar; vaak zijn ze de enige vleermuissoort in een grot.[3]

Vanuit zijn slaapplaats vliegt het dier maximaal 10 kilometer naar het gebied waar het foerageert.[9] Zoals de meeste vleermuizen eet H. diadema vliegende insecten, die op de vleugel worden gevangen.[5] Hij voedt zich vooral met grotere insecten, als sprinkhanen, nachtvlinders en kevers.[10] Het dier kan de gevangen prooi in zijn wangzakken opslaan.[9] In Australië zoekt en vindt de vleermuis voedsel in allerlei habitats, van regenwoud tot eucalyptusstruiken.[5] In de Filipijnen is het dier actief in diverse omgevingen; het foerageert zowel in de bergen als in laaglandbossen, zelfs in de meest door de mens verstoorde gebieden, en ook in landbouwgebieden.[4]

Per nest wordt er één jong geboren. In Australië komt het in november of december ter wereld.[5] In Maleisië verzamelen de vrouwtjes zich in maart en april voor de geboorte van hun jongen.[11] In de Filipijnen zijn in maart en mei zwangere vrouwtjes gevonden.[4]

Verspreidingsgebied

 src=
Verspreidingsgebied binnen Azië en Australië in het rood.

Hipposideros diadema komt voor van Myanmar en Vietnam tot de Filipijnen, de Soenda-eilanden, Nieuw-Guinea, de Salomonseilanden en Noordoost-Australië. In sommige landen is de soort algemeen, zoals in en rondom Nieuw-Guinea en in de Filipijnen; in Australië is de soort minder algemeen.[3][5][8][9] Over sommige verspreidingsgebieden is gedetailleerde informatie gepubliceerd.

In Nieuw-Guinea is de soort gevonden op een groot aantal locaties over het hele eiland heen.[9] In de omgeving van Nieuw-Guinea is de soort aangetroffen op Batjan, Batanta, Biak en Supiori, Bougainville, Buka, Buru, Ceram, Choiseul, Fauro, Guadalcanal, Halmahera, Japen, de Kei-eilanden, de Talaudeilanden, Kiriwina (Kiriwina-eilanden), Malaita, Manus, Misima, Nieuw-Brittannië, Nieuw-Ierland, de Florida-eilanden, Rennell, Sanana, Sangihe-eilanden, San Jorge, Santa Isabel, Vella Lavella en Waigeo.[3]

In de Filipijnen komt de H. diadema voor op Bohol, Busuanga, Calauit, Catanduanes, Cebu, Dinagat, Guimaras, Leyte, Luzon, Mindanao, Mindoro, Negros, Palawan, Panay, Polillo, Samar en Siquijor.[8] In Australië is deze vleermuis alleen aangetroffen in het noordoostelijke deel, vanaf het Kaap York-schiereiland tot Townsville.[5] In Vietnam is deze soort gezien in de provincies Quảng Trị en Lâm Đồng, op de archipel Côn Đảo en op het eiland Phú Quốc.[6] Verder is de soort onder andere aangetroffen op de Soenda-eilanden Bali, Borneo, Celebes, Java, de Tanimbar-eilanden en Timor.[12][13]

Taxonomie

 src=
Bladneusvleermuizen, hier een Schneiders rondbladneus (Hipposideros speoris), danken hun naam aan de bladvormige aanhangsels van de huid rond de neusgaten.

Hipposideros diadema is waarschijnlijk het nauwste verwant aan H. demissus uit San Cristóbal in de Salomonseilanden en H. inornatus uit het Australische Noordelijk Territorium, twee vormen die voorheen als ondersoorten van H. diadema werden gezien.[2] Volgens een fylogenetische analyse van morfologische kenmerken is de soort daarnaast het nauwst verwant aan H. lylei, H. pratti en H. turpis, die allemaal in Zuidoost-Azië voorkomen. Deze groep was verwant aan een grote clade die andere grote Aziatische, Australische en Afrikaanse Hipposideros-soorten, de drietandbladneusvleermuis (Asellia tridens) en leden van de fossiele geslachten Palaeophyllophora en Pseudorhinolophus omvatte.[14]

Ondersoorten

De soort Hipposideros diadema omvat een groot aantal ondersoorten, onderstaand opgesomd met auteur en verspreidingsgebied:[2][3][9]

Wetenschappelijke naam Auteur Verspreidingsgebied Hipposideros diadema ceramensis Laurie & Hill, 1954 Ceram en Buru Hipposideros diadema custos K. Andersen, 1918 Kai-eilanden Hipposideros diadema diadema É. Geoffroy, 1813 oostelijke Kleine Soenda-eilanden Hipposideros diadema euotis K. Andersen, 1905 Halmahera en omliggende eilanden Hipposideros diadema griseus Meyen, 1833 Nieuw-Guinea en de Filipijnen Hipposideros diadema masoni Dobson, 1872 Zuidoost-Azië Hipposideros diadema mirandus Thomas, 1914 Manus Hipposideros diadema natunensis Chasen, 1940 Natuna en Bungaran Hipposideros diadema nicobarensis Dobson, 1871 Nicobaren Hipposideros diadema nobilis Horsfield, 1823 Borneo, Java, Bali en westelijke Kleine Soenda-eilanden Hipposideros diadema oceanitis Andersen, 1905 Salomonseilanden, Bismarck-archipel Hipposideros diadema reginae Troughton, 1937 Queensland Hipposideros diadema speculator K. Andersen, 1918 Celebes Hipposideros diadema trobrius Troughton, 1937 Trobriand-eilanden

De geldigheid van veel van deze ondersoorten (bijvoorbeeld H. d. trobrius) is echter onduidelijk, en sommige populaties (zoals die uit Sumatra en Misima) zijn niet in een ondersoort geplaatst.[2][15]

Afmetingen en lichaamsgewicht naar gebied

In onderstaande tabel zijn de lengtematen en het lichaamsgewicht van H. diadema uit verschillende gebieden opgenomen; ter vergelijking zijn ook gegevens over de verwante soorten H. demissus en H. inornatus in de tabel geplaatst. Het gemiddelde wordt tussen haakjes na de extremen gegeven. Voor de meetwaarden uit Nieuw-Guinea en Nieuw-Brittannië en voor H. demissus zijn de gemiddelden voor mannetjes en vrouwtjes apart aangegeven. Enkele waarden zijn niet in de tabel opgenomen omdat er onvoldoende gegevens beschikbaar zijn. Dat geldt voor de lichaamslengte, die alleen voor H. d. natunensis is gepubliceerd (144 mm) en de achtervoetlengte, die alleen voor Nieuw-Guinese populaties (10,8-17,7, gemiddelde voor vrouwtjes 15,4 en voor mannetjes 14,6) en de populatie op Mount Isarog op Luzon is gepubliceerd (17-19, gemiddeld 18).

Populatie Aantal exemplaren Kop-romplengte (mm) Staartlengte (mm) Voorarm-
lengte
(mm) Tibialengte (mm) Oorlengte (mm) Lichaamsgewicht (g) Natuna
(H. d. natunensis)[16] 1 (holotype) - 48 88 33,5 23 - Borneo
(H. d. nobilis)[17] 1 - - 81 33 - - Bali
(H. d. nobilis)[12] 7 - - 87,5-93,0 (90,3) - - - Java
(H. d. nobilis)[13] 24 - - 80,0-90,7 - - - Timor
(H. d. diadema)[12] 2 81-95 54-55 82,3-86,2 - 30-31 - Tanimbar-eilanden
(H. d. diadema)[13] 7 - - 77,4-83,4 - - 39,0-42,0 Noord-Celebes
(H. d. speculator)[13] 2 - - 85,3-86,5 - 33,4-34,3 31,5 Sangihe-eilanden
(H. d. speculator)[13] 1 - - 79,1 - 32,4 - Talaud-eilanden
(H. d. speculator)[13] 1 - - 85,1 - 33,0 - Nieuw-Guinea
(H. d. griseus)[9] 7
(2 ♀ en 5 ♂) 81-89
(♀: 84,4;
♂: 82,2) 41-52,4
(♀: 51,8;
♂: 48,8) 75,4-81,2
(♀: 81,1;
♂: 77,7) - 26-29,8
(♀: 29,1;
♂: 28,1) 33,5-43
(♀: 38,8;
♂: 36,5) Luzon
(H. d. griseus)[18] 3 - 45-50 (47) 78-83 (81) - 28-30 (29) 31-50 (39,7) Australië
(H. d. reginae)[5] - 74-96 (84) - 77-85 (82) - 25-30 (26) 34-53 (44) Misima (H. d. ssp.)[15] 8 - - 65-72 - - - Kiriwina
(H. d. trobrius)[15] 3 - - 72-75 - - - Nieuw-Brittannië
(H. d. oceanitis)[3] 10
(5 ♀ en 5 ♂) 77,1-90,5
(♀: 84,4;
♂: 82,2) 46,0-59,8
(♀: 50,5;
♂: 58,7) 72,5-92,0
(♀: 76,3;
♂: 78,0) 31,2-36,0
(♀: 33,5;
♂: 34,2) 25,2-29,0
(♀: 27,4;
♂: 27,7) 34,0-42,0
(♀: 38,6;
♂: 34,8) H. demissus[3] 10
(5 ♀ en 5 ♂) 64,8-70,3
(♀: 67,6;
♂: 68,2) 34,1-42,6
(♀: 38,4;
♂: 36,9) 64,0-67,6
(♀: 65,2;
♂: 66,3) 26,5-28,1
(♀: 27,1;
♂: 27,6) 20,6-24,5
(♀: 23,1;
♂: 22,7) 22,3-27,0
(♀: 24,8;
♂: 24,9) H. inornatus[5] - 75-79 (77) - 68-73 (71) - 23-27 (25) 22-35 (26,5)

Bronvermelding

Referenties

  1. (en) Hipposideros diadema op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  2. a b c d Simmons, N.B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312-529 in Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols., 2142 pp. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0
  3. a b c d e f g h Flannery, T.F. 1995. Mammals of the South-West Pacific & Moluccan Islands. Chatswood: Reed Books, 464 pp. ISBN 0-7301-0417-6
  4. a b c Heaney, L.R., Tabaranza, B.R., Jr., Rickart, E.A., Balete, D.S. & Ingle, N.R. 2006. The mammals of Mt. Kitanglad Nature Park, Mindanao, Philippines. Fieldiana Zoology 112:1-63.
  5. a b c d e f g h i Menkhorst, P. & Knight, F. 2001. A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia. South Melbourne: Oxford University Press, x+269 pp. ISBN 0-19-550870-X
  6. a b Borissenko, A.V. & Kruskop, S.V. 2003. Bats of Vietnam and adjacent territories. An identification manual. Moscow: Zoological Museum of Moscow M. V. Lomonosov State University, 212 pp.
  7. Rickart, E.A., Mercier, J.A. & Heaney, L.R. 1999. Cytogeography of Philippine bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 112(3):453-469.
  8. a b c Hipposideros diadema of Philippine Mamillian Fauna
  9. a b c d e f Flannery, T.F. 1995. Mammals of New Guinea. Chatswood: Reed Books, 568 pp. ISBN 0-7301-0411-7
  10. (en) Arkive.org: Diadem roundleaf bat (Hipposideros diadema)
  11. Nowak, R.M. (ed.) 1999. Walkers Mammals of the World. 6th ed. Baltimore en Londen: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols., 1936 pp. ISBN 0-8018-5789-9
  12. a b c Goodwin, R.E. 1979. The bats of Timor: systematics and ecology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 163:73-122.
  13. a b c d e f Hill, J.E. & Roozendaal, F.G. 1989. Records of bats (Microchiroptera) from Wallacea. Zoologische Mededelingen 63:97-122.
  14. Hand, S.J. & Kirsch, J.A.W. 2003. Archerops, a new annectent hipposiderid genus (Mammalia: Microchiroptera) from the Australian Miocene. Journal of Paleontology 77(6):1139-1151.
  15. a b c Koopman, K.F. 1982. Bats from eastern Papua and the East Papuan islands. American Museum Novitates 2747:1-34.
  16. Chasen, F.N. 1940. A handlist of Malaysian mammals. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 15:i-xx+1-209.
  17. Chasen, F.N. & Kloss, C.B. 1931. On a collection of mammals from the lowlands and islands of North Borneo. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 6:1-82.
  18. Heaney, L.R., Balete, D.S., Rickart, E.A., Utzurrum, R.C.B. & Gonzales, P.C. 1999. Mammalian diversity on Mount Isarog, a threatened center of endemism on southern Luzon Island, Philippines. Fieldiana Zoology (n.s.) 95:1-62.

Literatuur

  • Simmons, N.B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312-529 in Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols., 2142 pp. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0
  • Flannery, T.F. 1995. Mammals of the South-West Pacific & Moluccan Islands. Chatswood: Reed Books, 464 pp. ISBN 0-7301-0417-6
  • Flannery, T.F. 1995. Mammals of New Guinea. Chatswood: Reed Books, 568 pp. ISBN 0-7301-0411-7
  • Menkhorst, P. & Knight, F. 2001. A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia. South Melbourne: Oxford University Press, x+269 pp. ISBN 0-19-550870-X
  • Hill, J.E. & Roozendaal, F.G. 1989. Records of bats (Microchiroptera) from Wallacea. Zoologische Mededelingen 63:97-122. PDF
Etalagester
Etalagester Dit artikel is op 21 oktober 2006 in deze versie opgenomen in de etalage.
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia-auteurs en -editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia NL

Hipposideros diadema: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

provided by wikipedia NL

Hipposideros diadema is een vleermuis uit het geslacht Hipposideros die voorkomt in Zuidoost-Azië, Melanesië en Noordoost-Australië. Het is één van de meest wijdverbreide soorten van zijn familie, de bladneusvleermuizen van de Oude Wereld (Hipposideridae).

Het dier onderscheidt zich van andere Hipposideriae door de vorm van het neusblad, de grote puntige oren en de kleine ogen. Hij voedt zich vooral met grotere insecten en foerageert in diverse omgevingen. De soort Hipposideros diadema omvat een groot aantal ondersoorten; de geldigheid van veel van deze ondersoorten is echter onduidelijk.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia-auteurs en -editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia NL

Płatkonos diademowy ( Polish )

provided by wikipedia POL

Płatkonos diademowy[3] (Hipposideros diadema) – gatunek ssaka z rodziny płatkonosowatych (Hipposideridae)[4].

Średnie wymiary

  • Długość ciała - 7-10 cm
  • Rozpiętość skrzydeł - 22,5-25 cm
  • Długość ogona - 2,5-3 cm

Występowanie

Występuje w lasach (często w pobliżu ludzkich osiedli) od Tajlandii do Malezji.

Tryb życia

Płatkonos diademowy prowadzą wybitnie grupowy tryb życia. Wraz z setkami innych nietoperzy żyje w jaskiniach lub starych budynkach. Na polowanie wylatuje o zmroku. Krąży wokół kwiatów, polując na owady i otwierając niekiedy figi, aby wydobyć znajdujące się w nich larwy owadów. Zjada wówczas przy tych również miąższ owoców z nasionami.

Rozmnażanie

Młode rodzą się w listopadzie lub w grudniu.

Przypisy

  1. Hipposideros diadema, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. Csorba, G., Bumrungsri, S., Francis, C., Helgen, Bates, P., Gumal, M., Kingston, T., Balete, D., Esselstyn, J. & Heaney, L. 2008, Hipposideros diadema [w:] The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015 [online], wersja 2015.2 [dostęp 2015-08-30] (ang.).
  3. Nazwa polska za: Włodzimierz Cichocki, Agnieszka Ważna, Jan Cichocki, Ewa Rajska, Artur Jasiński, Wiesław Bogdanowicz: Polskie nazewnictwo ssaków świata. Warszawa: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, 2015, s. 93. ISBN 978-83-88147-15-9.
  4. Wilson Don E. & Reeder DeeAnn M. (red.) Hipposideros diadema. w: Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (Wyd. 3.) [on-line]. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. (ang.) [dostęp 2013-07-11]
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autorzy i redaktorzy Wikipedii
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia POL

Płatkonos diademowy: Brief Summary ( Polish )

provided by wikipedia POL

Płatkonos diademowy (Hipposideros diadema) – gatunek ssaka z rodziny płatkonosowatych (Hipposideridae).

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autorzy i redaktorzy Wikipedii
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia POL

Hipposideros diadema ( Swedish )

provided by wikipedia SV


Hipposideros diadema[2][3] är en fladdermusart som först beskrevs av E. Geoffroy 1813. Hipposideros diadema ingår i släktet Hipposideros och familjen rundbladnäsor.[4][5] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[4] Wilson & Reeder (2005) skiljer mellan 15 underarter.[2]

Denna fladdermus blir med svans 6 till 10 cm lång och den väger 34 till 50 g. Svansen är vanligen helt gömd i den del av flygmembranen som ligger mellan bakbenen. Hudflikarna vid näsan (bladet) har ungefär formen av en hästsko. Arten öron är påfallande stora och dessutom har hanar en säckformig körtel vid nosen. Sekretet påminner i konsistensen om vax. Hipposideros diadema har huvudsakligen brun päls som är något ljusare vid buken. Vid axlarna förekommer ibland vita punkter.[6]

Arten förekommer i Sydostasien och i den australiska regionen från Thailand och centrala Vietnam till Salomonöarna och till Kap Yorkhalvön (Australien). Den vistas i låglandet och i bergstrakter upp till 1250 meter över havet. Habitatet utgörs av fuktiga skogar, mindre trädansamlingar, trädodlingar och trädgårdar.[1]

Individerna vilar i grottor, i tunnlar eller i trädens håligheter. Några kolonier har flera tusen medlemmar och ofta förekommer blandade kolonier med andra fladdermöss. Hipposideros diadema jagar skalbaggar och andra flygande insekter, vanligen över vattenansamlingar. Honor bildar före ungens födelse egna kolonier som är skilda från hanarna. Per kull föds en unge.[1]

Liksom flera andra fladdermöss använder arten ekolokalisering för att hitta sina byten. Livslängden i naturen ligger mellan fyra och sju år. I fångenskap blev några individer 12 år gamla.[6]

Bildgalleri

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c d] 2008 Hipposideros diadema Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-10-24.
  2. ^ [a b] Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., Hipposideros diadema
  3. ^ Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) , Common Names of Mammals of the World
  4. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (20 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/hipposideros+diadema/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
  5. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
  6. ^ [a b] Barbara Lundrigan & Steve Baker (20 april 2003). ”Diadem roundleaf bat” (på engelska). Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Hipposideros_diadema/. Läst 22 juni 2016.

Externa länkar

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia författare och redaktörer
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia SV

Hipposideros diadema: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

provided by wikipedia SV


Hipposideros diadema är en fladdermusart som först beskrevs av E. Geoffroy 1813. Hipposideros diadema ingår i släktet Hipposideros och familjen rundbladnäsor. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life. Wilson & Reeder (2005) skiljer mellan 15 underarter.

Denna fladdermus blir med svans 6 till 10 cm lång och den väger 34 till 50 g. Svansen är vanligen helt gömd i den del av flygmembranen som ligger mellan bakbenen. Hudflikarna vid näsan (bladet) har ungefär formen av en hästsko. Arten öron är påfallande stora och dessutom har hanar en säckformig körtel vid nosen. Sekretet påminner i konsistensen om vax. Hipposideros diadema har huvudsakligen brun päls som är något ljusare vid buken. Vid axlarna förekommer ibland vita punkter.

Arten förekommer i Sydostasien och i den australiska regionen från Thailand och centrala Vietnam till Salomonöarna och till Kap Yorkhalvön (Australien). Den vistas i låglandet och i bergstrakter upp till 1250 meter över havet. Habitatet utgörs av fuktiga skogar, mindre trädansamlingar, trädodlingar och trädgårdar.

Individerna vilar i grottor, i tunnlar eller i trädens håligheter. Några kolonier har flera tusen medlemmar och ofta förekommer blandade kolonier med andra fladdermöss. Hipposideros diadema jagar skalbaggar och andra flygande insekter, vanligen över vattenansamlingar. Honor bildar före ungens födelse egna kolonier som är skilda från hanarna. Per kull föds en unge.

Liksom flera andra fladdermöss använder arten ekolokalisering för att hitta sina byten. Livslängden i naturen ligger mellan fyra och sju år. I fångenskap blev några individer 12 år gamla.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia författare och redaktörer
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia SV

Hipposideros diadema ( Ukrainian )

provided by wikipedia UK

Hipposideros diadema — є одним з видів кажанів родини Hipposideridae.

Поширення

Країни поширення: Австралія, Камбоджа, Індія, Індонезія, Лаос, Малайзія, М'янма, Папуа Нова Гвінея, Філіппіни, Соломонові Острови, Таїланд, Східний Тимор, В'єтнам. Живе від рівня моря до 1300 м над рівнем моря. Лаштує сідала в малих і великих колоніях, в печерах разом з іншими видами Hipposideros. Також може спочивати в дуплах дерев, печерах, занедбаних шахтах, старих будівлях і штучних тунелях. Харчується жуками. Це низький літун, літає в галерейних лісах, над водою, а також в порушених лісах. Самиці народжують одне дитинча. Материнскі колонії можуть складатися з кількох тисяч тварин.

Загрози та охорона

Здається, немає серйозних загроз. Він не був записаний з якихось охоронних територій.

Посилання


license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Автори та редактори Вікіпедії
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia UK

Hipposideros diadema: Brief Summary ( Ukrainian )

provided by wikipedia UK

Hipposideros diadema — є одним з видів кажанів родини Hipposideridae.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Автори та редактори Вікіпедії
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia UK

Dơi mũi lớn ( Vietnamese )

provided by wikipedia VI

Dơi mũi lớn [2] (danh pháp khoa học: Hipposideros diadema) là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi nếp mũi, bộ Dơi. Loài này được E. Geoffroy mô tả năm 1813.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Hipposideros diadema”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ Alex V. Borisenko, Sergei V. Krushop. Bats of Vietnam and adjacent territories, tr. 89. Moskva, 2003 (tiếng Anh)

Tham khảo

Liên kết ngoài

 src= Phương tiện liên quan tới Hipposideros diadema tại Wikimedia Commons


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết dơi này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia VI

Dơi mũi lớn: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

provided by wikipedia VI

Dơi mũi lớn (danh pháp khoa học: Hipposideros diadema) là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi nếp mũi, bộ Dơi. Loài này được E. Geoffroy mô tả năm 1813.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia VI

왕관잎코박쥐 ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

왕관잎코박쥐 또는 왕관둥근잎박쥐(Hipposideros diadema)는 가장 널리 분포하는 잎코박쥐과 박쥐의 일종이다. 가장 가까운 근연종은 마키라섬마키라둥근잎박쥐와 오스트레일리아 노던 준주아른험잎코박쥐으로 추정된다. 오스트레일리아인도네시아, 말레이시아, 미얀마, 필리핀, 태국, 베트남에서 발견된다.

각주

  1. “Hipposideros diadema”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2008판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2008. 2016년 12월 12일에 확인함.
 title=
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia 작가 및 편집자