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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 20 years (captivity)
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Benefits

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Weid’s marmosets have been a large commodity in the pet trade, especially in the United States until the U.S. prohibited its importation. It also can be used in biological and medical laboratories because it breeds easily and can be affected by some human diseases such as rubella and herpes.

Positive Impacts: pet trade ; research and education

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Keeley, T. 2004. "Callithrix kuhlii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Callithrix_kuhlii.html
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Theresa Keeley, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Benefits

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There are no known adverse affects of C. khulii on humans.

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Keeley, T. 2004. "Callithrix kuhlii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Callithrix_kuhlii.html
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Conservation Status

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Callithrix kuhlii are not endangered, but their numbers are dwindling due to habitat destruction.

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: appendix ii

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: near threatened

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Keeley, T. 2004. "Callithrix kuhlii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Callithrix_kuhlii.html
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Behavior

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Callithrix kuhlii communicate with one another using visual, tactile, olfactory and acoustic signals. These marmosets use visual signals to try to mate, they touch one another while they groom to form bonds, they leave scent trails to mark their territory and they call to one another, especially if danger is perceived.

Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

Other Communication Modes: scent marks

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

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Keeley, T. 2004. "Callithrix kuhlii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Callithrix_kuhlii.html
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Untitled

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Callithrix kuhlii was previously hypothesized to come from hybridization of Callithrix geoffroyi and Callithrix penicillata, however, new evidence shows that it is morphologically distinct from other marmosets.

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Keeley, T. 2004. "Callithrix kuhlii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Callithrix_kuhlii.html
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Associations

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The holes made by gouging out tree bark provide sap for other animals. Marmosets play a role in pollination and seed dispersal as fruit and nectar are common components of their diet. They may travel extensively throughout their home range every day, pollinating many plants and dispersing seeds. They are also prey for many other species.

Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds; pollinates

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Trophic Strategy

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Callithrix kuhlii feeds on fruit, flowers, nectar, seeds, insects, and spiders. Sap is a main staple in its diet and it has specialized teeth for gouging holes in tree bark.

Animal Foods: insects; terrestrial non-insect arthropods

Plant Foods: seeds, grains, and nuts; fruit; nectar; flowers; sap or other plant fluids

Primary Diet: herbivore (Eats sap or other plant foods)

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Keeley, T. 2004. "Callithrix kuhlii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Callithrix_kuhlii.html
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Distribution

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Callithrix kuhlii (Weid’s black-tufted-ear marmoset) lives in Southwest Brazil, mainly in the coastal regions.

Biogeographic Regions: neotropical (Native )

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Keeley, T. 2004. "Callithrix kuhlii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Callithrix_kuhlii.html
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Habitat

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Weid’s black-tufted-ear marmosets live in a variety of forest types, particularly tropical and subtropical forests. These marmosets inhabit the lower part of the trees. It thrives in areas of dense vegetation and new growth.

Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; rainforest

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Keeley, T. 2004. "Callithrix kuhlii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Callithrix_kuhlii.html
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Theresa Keeley, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Life Expectancy

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These marmosets live about 10 years in the wild and have been known to live up to 16 years in captivity.

Range lifespan
Status: wild:
10 (high) years.

Range lifespan
Status: captivity:
16 (high) years.

Average lifespan
Status: captivity:
20 years.

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Keeley, T. 2004. "Callithrix kuhlii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Callithrix_kuhlii.html
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Theresa Keeley, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Morphology

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Weid’s marmosets are relatively small, weighing between 350 and 400 grams, or about 13 ounces. They are generally black with gray head pelage and have a distinctly ringed tail. There is an area of white around their cheeks and forehead, and they have black tufts of hair around their ears. They have nails that are claw-like and lack opposable thumbs.

Range mass: 350 to 400 g.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry

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Keeley, T. 2004. "Callithrix kuhlii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Callithrix_kuhlii.html
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Theresa Keeley, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Associations

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The main predators of marmosets are harpy eagles: Harpia harpyja, hawks: Buteo albicaudatus, Asturina nitida, Buteo magnirostris, jaguar: Panthera onca, jaguarundi: Felis yagouaroundi, ocelot: Leopardus pardalis, and snakes: suborder Serpentes. Their main means of defense is speed or they may gang up on smaller predators and try to intimidate them into going away.

Known Predators:

  • harpy eagles (Harpia harpyja)
  • white-tailed hawks (Buteo albicaudatus)
  • gray hawks (Asturina nitida)
  • roadside hawks (Buteo magnirostris)
  • jaguars (Panthera onca)
  • jaguarundi (Herpailurus yaguarondi)
  • ocelots (Leopardus pardalis)
  • snakes (Serpentes)
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Keeley, T. 2004. "Callithrix kuhlii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Callithrix_kuhlii.html
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Theresa Keeley, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Reproduction

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The dominant female of a group of C. kuhlii mates with several males. In this way, the father is not known, thus all the males help in caring for the infants after they are born. Actual mating has rarely been observed. However, males have been seen strutting around females with their backs arched and hair bristled. This behavior and the apparent pursuit of females lasts approximately 45 minutes.

Mating System: polyandrous ; cooperative breeder

Only the dominant female of the group breeds. Females reach reproductive maturity around 12-15 months of age and males at one year. The dominant female in the group is the only one who is allowed to breed since the investment for raising the young is so high, but this dominant status is always changing. The dominant female or her replacement enters into estrus 5-12 days after giving birth. Female Weid’s marmosets can give birth up to twice a year and young are always born in pairs.

Breeding interval: twice yearly

Average number of offspring: 2.

Average gestation period: 4.5 months.

Range weaning age: 4 to 6 months.

Average time to independence: 12 months.

Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 12 to 15 months.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 12 months.

Key Reproductive Features: year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous

Gestation of a pregnant female lasts about 4.5 months. She always gives birth to twins which comprise up to 25% of her body weight. She receives help raising the babies from the males and younger females of the group. The males help by carrying the babies while the mother goes to find food. Other members of the family may share food with the infants after they have been weaned.

Parental Investment: pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Male, Female, Protecting: Male, Female); pre-independence (Provisioning: Male, Female, Protecting: Male, Female); post-independence association with parents

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Keeley, T. 2004. "Callithrix kuhlii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Callithrix_kuhlii.html
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Theresa Keeley, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Callithrix kuhlii ( Breton )

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Callithrix kuhlii[1] a zo ur spesad primated eus kerentiad ar Cebidae.

Dont a ra e anv eus hini al loenoniour alaman Heinrich Kuhl (1797-1821), bet eiler Coenraad Jacob Temminck (1778-1858) e muzeom Leiden (Izelvroioù).

Doareoù pennañ

Ur pevarzroadeg-deiz an hini eo.

Boued

Bevañ a ra al loen diwar frouezh, nektar hag ar gom a ver diouzh rusk gwez 'zo.

Annez

 src=
  • ██ Tiriad Callithrix kuhlii.
  • Bevañ a ra al loen e koadegi trovanel hag istrovanel reter Brazil.

    Rummatadur

    Renket eo en isgenad Callithrix (Callithrix).

    Liammoù diavaez


    Commons
    Muioc'h a restroù diwar-benn

    a vo kavet e Wikimedia Commons.

    Notennoù ha daveennoù

    1. N'en deus al loen anv boutin ebet testeniekaet e brezhoneg evit poent.
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    Callithrix kuhlii: Brief Summary ( Breton )

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    Callithrix kuhlii a zo ur spesad primated eus kerentiad ar Cebidae.

    Dont a ra e anv eus hini al loenoniour alaman Heinrich Kuhl (1797-1821), bet eiler Coenraad Jacob Temminck (1778-1858) e muzeom Leiden (Izelvroioù).

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    Callithrix kuhlii ( Catalan; Valencian )

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    Callithrix kuhlii és una espècie de primat de la família dels cal·litríquids que viu als boscos tropicals i subtropicals del sud-oest del Brasil.

    Referències

    Enllaços externs

     src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Callithrix kuhlii Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
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    Callithrix kuhlii: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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    Callithrix kuhlii és una espècie de primat de la família dels cal·litríquids que viu als boscos tropicals i subtropicals del sud-oest del Brasil.

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    Kuhl-Büschelaffe ( German )

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    Der Kuhl-Büschelaffe (Callithrix kuhlii) ist eine Primatenart aus der Familie der Krallenaffen.

    Merkmale

    Kuhl-Büschelaffen sind wie alle Krallenaffen relativ kleine Primaten, sie erreichen ein Gewicht von 350 bis 400 Gramm. Ihr Fell ist überwiegend dunkelgrau oder schwarz gefärbt, der Schwanz ist schwarz-grau geringelt. Der Kopf ist grau, das Gesicht ist weiß, von den Ohren erstrecken sich schwarze Haarbüschel. Wie bei allen Krallenaffen befinden sich an den Fingern und Zehen (mit Ausnahme der Großzehe) Krallen statt Nägeln.

    Verbreitung und Lebensraum

    Kuhl-Büschelaffen bewohnen ein kleines Gebiet im östlichen Brasilien, ihr Verbreitungsgebiet liegt im südlichen Bahia und im nordöstlichen Minas Gerais. Ihr Lebensraum sind die atlantischen Küstenwälder, sie sind aber anpassungsfähig und können auch in Sekundärwäldern und in Plantagen leben.

    Lebensweise und Ernährung

    Kuhl-Büschelaffen sind tagaktiv und verbringen die Nacht in Baumhöhlen oder im Pflanzendickicht verborgen. Sie sind Baumbewohner und bewegen sich auf allen vieren laufend oder springend fort.

    Sie leben in Gruppen aus etwa sieben Tieren, die Gruppen setzen sich aus etwa doppelt so viel Weibchen als Männchen zusammen. Die Tiere etablieren eine Rangordnung, und nur das dominante Weibchen pflanzt sich fort. Es sind sehr soziale Tiere, die mit Lauten, Gesichtsausdrücken und Körperhaltungen kommunizieren.

    Wie alle Marmosetten sind sie dank der spezialisierten Zähne in der Lage, Löcher in die Baumrinde zu nagen, um an Baumsäfte zu gelangen. Baumsäfte sind vor allem in der Zeit, in der wenig Früchte – eine weitere wichtige Nahrung – vorhanden sind, wichtig. Daneben fressen sie auch Insekten, Spinnen und andere Kleintiere.

    Fortpflanzung

    Das dominante Weibchen pflanzt sich mit allen Männchen aus der Gruppe fort. Nach einer rund 4,5 Monate langen Tragzeit bringt das Weibchen meist zweieiige Zwillinge zur Welt.

    Die Jungtiere sind sehr groß und wiegen rund 25 % des Gewichts der Mutter. Kuhl-Büschelaffen sind bislang die einzigen Primaten, bei denen Chimärismus bekannt ist. Sie tragen verschiedenes Erbgut nicht nur in Blut, sondern auch in Geschlechtszellen und geben so bei der Paarung nicht notwendigerweise die eigenen Gameten, sondern möglicherweise die Erbinformationen ihrer Geschwister weiter.[1]

    Die anderen Gruppenmitglieder beteiligen sich intensiv an der Jungenaufzucht, auch die Männchen, da der Vater ja nicht bekannt ist. Nach rund fünf Monaten werden die Jungen entwöhnt und mit 12 bis 15 Monaten geschlechtsreif.

    Bedrohung

    Hauptbedrohung für die Kuhl-Büschelaffen stellt die Zerstörung ihres Lebensraums durch Waldrodungen dar. Aufgrund ihrer Anpassungsfähigkeit sind sie aber weniger gefährdet als andere in der gleichen Region lebende Primaten. Die IUCN listet sie als gering gefährdet (near threatened).

    Entdeckung und Namensgebung

    Die erste Erwähnung der Tiere stammt von Maximilian zu Wied-Neuwied, der 1826 die Tiere zu Ehren von Heinrich Kuhl benannte. Das war allerdings keine formelle Erstbeschreibung, diese erfolgte erst durch Adelmar Coimbra-Filho 1985. Im Englischen wird die Art nicht nach Kuhl, sondern nach Wied (Wied's Marmoset) benannt.

    Literatur

    Einzelnachweise

    1. C. N. Ross, J. A. French, G. Ortí: Germ-line chimerism and paternal care in marmosets (Callithrix kuhlii). In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104, Nr. 15, 2007, S. 6278
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    Kuhl-Büschelaffe: Brief Summary ( German )

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    Der Kuhl-Büschelaffe (Callithrix kuhlii) ist eine Primatenart aus der Familie der Krallenaffen.

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    Wied's marmoset

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    Wied's marmoset (Callithrix kuhlii), also known as Wied's black-tufted-ear marmoset, is a New World monkey that lives in tropical and subtropical forests of eastern Brazil. Unlike other marmosets, Wied's marmoset lives in groups consisting of 4 or 5 females and 2 or 3 males (plus children). They are matriarchal, and only the dominant female is allowed to mate. Like other marmosets, the offspring are always born in pairs.

    Diet

    This monkey supplements its diet of sap with fruit, nectar, flowers and seeds, as well as spiders and insects. Since these are harvested from the middle and lower part of the forest, Wied's marmoset often travels and forages in the company of the golden-headed lion tamarin, which forages in the canopy.

    Natural Predators

    Wied's marmoset is eaten by birds of prey (the harpy eagle, the gray hawk, the roadside hawk and the white-tailed hawk), felines (the jaguar, jaguarundi and ocelot) and snakes.

    Behavior

    Wied's marmoset is highly social, spending much of its time grooming. It has individually distinctive calls, and it communicates through gestures and olfactory markings as well.

    Appearance

    The coloring of Wied's marmoset is mostly black, with white markings on cheeks and forehead. It has rings on its tail and black tufts of fur coming out of its ears.

    Chimerism

    Wied's marmoset at southern Bahia.

    Chimeric individuals carry two or more genetic cell lines in their bodies, each of which stems from a separate and genetically distinct zygote. This chimerism is the result of cell lines exchanged between siblings in utero. These two original zygotes were fertilized by two different sperm, which potentially came from more than one male. Therefore, chimeric individuals exhibit a phenotype that is the result of more than one genotype, and potentially more than one father.[4]

    Researchers first discovered chimerism in the bone marrow of marmosets in the 1960s.[5] More recent work has shown that chimerism can occur in all cell lines, including germ cells.[4] This allows for the possibility of horizontal inheritance. In other words, individuals could pass on the genotype that is different from their majority (or self) genotype. Consider a father marmoset was chimeric in his germ line. This father could potentially pass on his secondary cell line (the majority or self cell line of his brother) to his offspring. In this way, this father's offspring would be more genetically similar to their uncle than to their father.[4]

    Since chimerism changes the degrees of relatedness between individuals, it also changes the adaptive value of certain behaviors, like cooperatively raising young. It has been proposed that chimerism creates a system that makes it evolutionarily advantageous for an individual to cooperate to raise its siblings; this closely matches to the way marmoset social systems have been observed to function in the wild.[6]

    References

    1. ^ Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 131. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
    2. ^ Rylands AB, Mittermeier RA (2009). "The Diversity of the New World Primates (Platyrrhini)". In Garber PA, Estrada A, Bicca-Marques JC, Heymann EW, Strier KB (eds.). South American Primates: Comparative Perspectives in the Study of Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation. Springer. pp. 23–54. ISBN 978-0-387-78704-6.
    3. ^ Neves, L.G.; Bicca-Marques, J.C.; Jerusalinsky, L.; Mittermeier, R.A.; Pereira, D.G.; Rylands, A.B. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Callithrix kuhlii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T3575A191701453. Retrieved 6 April 2021.|volume= / |date= mismatch
    4. ^ a b c Ross, C.N.; French, J.A. & Ortí, G. (2007). "Germ-line chimerism and paternal care in marmosets (Callithrix kuhlii)". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 104 (15): 6278–82. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.6278R. doi:10.1073/pnas.0607426104. PMC 1851065. PMID 17389380.
    5. ^ Benirschke, K.; Anderson, J. M.; Brownhill, L. E. (1962). "Marrow Chimerism in Marmosets". Science. 138 (3539): 513–515. Bibcode:1962Sci...138..513B. doi:10.1126/science.138.3539.513. PMID 17753948. S2CID 13589450.
    6. ^ Haig, D. (1999). "What is a marmoset?". Am J Primatol. 49 (4): 285–296. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2345(199912)49:4<285::AID-AJP1>3.0.CO;2-X. PMID 10553958. S2CID 3053592.

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    Wied's marmoset: Brief Summary

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    Wied's marmoset (Callithrix kuhlii), also known as Wied's black-tufted-ear marmoset, is a New World monkey that lives in tropical and subtropical forests of eastern Brazil. Unlike other marmosets, Wied's marmoset lives in groups consisting of 4 or 5 females and 2 or 3 males (plus children). They are matriarchal, and only the dominant female is allowed to mate. Like other marmosets, the offspring are always born in pairs.

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    Callithrix kuhlii ( Spanish; Castilian )

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    El tití de orejas negras o sagüi (Callithrix kuhlli) es un primate platirrino de la familia Cebidae.[2][3]

    Características

    Es de tamaño relativamente pequeño, alcanza un peso de 350 a 400 gramos. Su pelaje es principalmente gris oscuro o negro. La cabeza es de color gris, la cara de color blanco y las orejas están rodeadas por mechones de pelo negros.

    Distribución

    Se encuentra en gran parte del territorio brasilero. Su hábitat son los bosques atlánticos costeros.

    Vida y nutrición

    Es diurno y pasa la noche en árboles huecos y plantas del follaje. Viven en grupos de siete individuos. Al igual que todos los titíes se alimenta de frutos, insectos y huevos de aves.

    Reproducción

    La gestación dura 4 meses y medio de los cuales nacen tres bebés. Los cachorros son muy grandes equivalen a un 25% el peso de la madre. Son después del tití de Geoffroy (Callithrix geoffroyii) los más reproducidos en cautividad.

    Referencias

    1. Neves, L., Bicca-Marques, J., Jerusalinsky, L., Mittermeier, R.A., Pereira, D.G. & Rylands, A.B. (2019). «Callithrix kuhlii». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2019.3 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 24 de mayo de 2020.
    2. Groves, Colin (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. Mammal Species of the World (3ª edición). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 131. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
    3. Anthony B. Rylands; Russell A. Mittermeier (2009). «The Diversity of the New World Primates (Platyrrhini): An Annotated Taxonomy». Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects (en inglés) 2: 23-54. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-78705-3_2.

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    Callithrix kuhlii: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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    El tití de orejas negras o sagüi (Callithrix kuhlli) es un primate platirrino de la familia Cebidae.​​

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    Callithrix kuhlii ( Basque )

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    Callithrix kuhlii Callithrix generoko animalia da. Primateen barruko Callitrichinae azpifamilia eta Cebidae familian sailkatuta dago

    Erreferentziak

    1. Coimbra-Filho (1985) 9 Fundaçao Brasileira Conservaçao Natu. Bol. Inform. 5. or..

    Ikus, gainera

    (RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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    Callithrix kuhlii: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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    Callithrix kuhlii Callithrix generoko animalia da. Primateen barruko Callitrichinae azpifamilia eta Cebidae familian sailkatuta dago

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    Callithrix kuhlii ( French )

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    Ouistiti de Kuhl

    Le Ouistiti de Kuhl[1] (Callithrix kuhlii) est une espèce de primate de la famille des Callitrichidae vivant dans les forêts du sud-est du Brésil.

    Distribution

    Ce ouistiti vit au Brésil, à Bahia et dans l'extrême nord-est du Minas Gerais. Au nord jusqu’au Rio Paraguaçú et au sud jusqu’au Rio Jequitinhonha. Le Rio das Contas constitue le cœur de sa distribution.

    Hybridation

    Aucune.

    Habitat

    Forêt de plaine secondaire sempervirente ou semi-décidue. Lisière de forêt. Vergers. Plantations de cacao (cabrucas).

    Sympatrie et association

    S’associe avec le Petit singe-lion à tête dorée (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) qui limite la concurrence en évoluant dans la strate supérieure et davantage dans les épiphytes.

    Description

    Ressemble beaucoup au Ouistiti à pinceaux noirs (C. penicillata). Pelage agouti traversé sur le dos et la queue de bandes horizontales alternativement grises et noires. Le brun est visible sur les flancs et les cuisses. Devant de la couronne blanc chamois et arrière de la couronne brun chamois. Tache blanche sur le front qui s’étend en fine raie nasale entre les yeux. Pourtour de la face, joues et gorge clairs. Touffes auriculaires noires.

    Mensurations

    Poids de 350 à 400 g (d’après Garber, 1992).

    Domaine

    Territorial. 12 ha (d’après Rylands et de Faria, 1993). De 34 à 39 ha (d’après Becky E. Raboy et al., 2008).

    Densité

    58-60/km² (d’après Rylands, dans la RB d’Una, 1982)

    Locomotion

    Quadrupède.

    Comportements basiques

    Diurne. Arboricole.

    Activités

    Budget d’activités (d’après Ferrari et Rylands, 1994) : déplacements (38,1 %), alimentation et recherche alimentaire d’insectes (27,6 %), alimentation végétale (20,4 %), repos et activités sociales (13,9 %). Il parcourt chaque jour de 0,942 à 1,08 km (d’après Rylands, 1982) ou 0,974 km (d’après Tardif et al., 1993) ou 1,498 km (d’après Becky E. Raboy et al., 2008). Il se déplace dans les arbres entre 6 et 13 m (d’après Hershkovitz, 1977). Il passe 62,8 % de son temps entre 6 et 15 m (d’après Ferrari et Rylands, 1994) et 78 % de son temps au-dessous de 15 m (d’après Rylands, 1989). Il se repose dans la végétation dense et parmi les lianes, utilisant 14 sites-dortoirs différents sur 10 ha en trois mois (d’après Rylands, 1982, 1989).

    Alimentation

    Plus frugivore et moins gommivore que les autres espèces atlantiques, il consomme 20 espèces de fruits et de nectar et 5 espèces d’exsudats (d’après Becky E. Raboy et al., 2008).

    Budget alimentaire
    • d’après Rylands, 1982 : fruits (de 63 % à 70 %), feuilles et gomme (de 30 % à 34 %).
    • d’après Rylands et de Faria, 1994 : fruits (68,2 %) – notamment Symphonia globulifera et Dialium guianense - et exsudats (33,8 %) – surtout Parkia pendula mais aussi Inga sp., Henriettea succosa, Cardoluvica sp., Sloanea sp., Cupania sp., Trichilia lepdota et Piptadenia contorta. Insectivore occasionnel, il suit les fourmis légionnaires (Eciton burchelli) pour croquer les insectes qui s’enfuient sur son passage (surtout sauterelles mais aussi Phibalosoma phyllinum). Lézards, grenouilles et escargots.

    Taille du groupe

    Basse pour un ouistiti. 6,6 (d’après Rylands, 1982). 4,3 (d’après Becky E. Raboy et al., 2008).

    Structure sociale et système de reproduction

    Groupe multimâle-multifemelle. Polyandrie. Polygynie présumée.

    Reproduction

    Le mâle atteint la maturité sexuelle à 1 an (d’après French et Schaffner, 1995) et la femelle à 12–15 mois (d’après Smith et al., 1997). La gestation dure 4 mois et demi et l’intervalle entre les naissances est d’environ 5 mois (d’après French et al., 1996 ; d’après Ross et al., 2007).

    Communication orale

    Contact intragroupe (whirr) d’environ 8KhZ (d’après Stevenson et Rylands, 1988). Appel long et répétitif (phee), incluant 3 à 7 phee consécutifs (d’après Schaffner et al., 1995), appel distinct selon les individus et sexuellement dimorphique (d’après Jorgensen et French, 1998 ; d’après Smith et al., 2007). Cri de contact (trilles).

    Communication olfactive

    Marquage supra pubique et anogénital. Pas d’utilisation des glandes sternales pour le marquage, en captivité, et urine pour marquer davantage pendant le temps d’alimentation (d’après Forman et French, 1992).

    Communication visuelle

    Érection de la queue, piloérection, remuement des touffes auriculaires. Rituel silencieux bouche ouverte pour initier l’accouplement (d’après Shepherd et al., 1992).

    Prédateurs

    Tayra. Coati. Faucon.

    Menaces

    Déforestation. Dans la forêt côtière atlantique, de nombreuses plantations de cacao ont été créées au début du siècle. Ces cabrucas, où le cacao pousse dans le sous-bois à l’abri d’un soleil trop fort, représentent une solution originale pour préserver les ouistitis dans la Mata Atlântica. Elles permettent de sauvegarder la forêt tout en cultivant son sol. Une stratégie identique peut être appliquée avec la piassava (fibre textile) produite par les palmiers Leopoldina piassaba.

    Conservation

    RB d’Una (70 km2), Station expérimentale de Lemos Maia (4 km2) et Station expérimentale de Canavieiras (6 km2), dans le Bahia (Brésil).

    Statut

    Préoccupation mineure.

    Notes et références

    1. Jean-Jacques Petter et Yves Coppens, Primates, Nathan, 2010, 255 p. (lire en ligne), p. 100.

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    Callithrix kuhlii: Brief Summary ( French )

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    Ouistiti de Kuhl

    Le Ouistiti de Kuhl (Callithrix kuhlii) est une espèce de primate de la famille des Callitrichidae vivant dans les forêts du sud-est du Brésil.

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    Callithrix kuhlii ( Italian )

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    Lo uistitì di Wied (Callithrix kuhlii Coimbra-Filho, 1985) è un primate platirrino della famiglia dei Cebidi.

    Si credeva che questi animali fossero frutto dell'ibridazione spontanea di popolazioni di Callithrix geoffroyi e Callithrix penicillata: studi del DNA mitocondriale hanno tuttavia messo gli studiosi di fronte all'esistenza di una nuova specie.

    Distribuzione

    L'animale è endemico della foresta atlantica costiera del Brasile sud-orientale, dove colonizza le aree di foresta con denso sottosuolo ed alberi giovani. La specie presenta simpatria con la scimmia leonina Leontopithecus chrysomelas, con la quale può presentare qualche forma di mutualismo e non in competizione per il cibo, poiché quest'ultima si muove nella parte alta della foresta.

    Descrizione

    Dimensioni

    Misura circa 40 cm di lunghezza, di cui la metà spetta alla lunga coda, per un peso di 350-400 g.

    Aspetto

    Il pelo è generalmente nero con la testa grigia e caratteristiche striature grigie su dorso e coda, che è inanellata. È presente un'area bianca su fronte e guance: i ciuffi sulle orecchie sono di colore nero.

    Biologia

    Sono animali diurni e sociali: vivono in gruppetti di circa sette individui dove le femmine sono in numero maggiore (solitamente doppio) rispetto ai maschi. Ogni gruppo occupa un territorio di circa un ettaro che viene marcato tramite secrezioni della ghiandola soprapubica, tuttavia tale territorio non difende attivamente da eventuali intrusi: i vari territori si sovrappongono per larghi tratti e spesso vari esemplari utilizzano un singolo albero come fonte di nutrimento, senza che accadano episodi di violenza. Ciascun esemplare possiede un proprio timbro vocale ed individua altri esemplari con altre vocalizzazioni ben distinte per ciascun individuo: questo comportamento è paragonabile al chiamarsi per nome.
    In caso di pericolo, solitamente questi animali si disperdono, ma se il predatore è di piccole dimensioni è possibile che si riuniscano in gruppo ed esibiscano comportamenti intimidatori al fine di farlo allontanare.

    Alimentazione

    Si nutrono principalmente di linfa, che ricavano incidendo la corteccia degli alberi coi loro particolari incisivi: non disdegnano di mangiare anche frutta, fiori ed insetti.

    Riproduzione

    La femmina dominante è anche l'unica a potersi riprodurre, e si accoppia con più maschi (poliandria) durante il periodo dell'estro. L'accoppiamento sembrerebbe avere una durata di 45 minuti.
    La gestazione dura quattro mesi e mezzo, al termine dei quali vengono dati alla luce due gemelli che vengono presi in consegna dall'intero gruppo, che se ne prende cura lasciandoli alla madre solo il tempo della poppata. In questo modo, vengono svezzati attorno ai 5 mesi e diventano indipendenti attorno all'anno d'età, periodo in cui raggiungono anche la maturità sessuale.
    La femmina è in grado di portare a termine con successo due gravidanze l'anno: entra nuovamente in estro circa una settimana dopo il parto.
    In questa specie si riscontra chimerismo[1], ossia la stessa cellula uovo può essere fecondata da spermatozoi di padri diversi, e per questo motivo i cuccioli possono nascere con vari tessuti provenienti da diversi padri.

    La speranza di vita di questi animali in cattività si aggira attorno ai 15 anni.

    Note

    1. ^ Ross, C.N., French, J.A., and Ortí, G., Germ-line chimerism and paternal care in marmosets (Callithrix kuhlii), in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 104, 2007, p. 6278, DOI:10.1073/pnas.0607426104, PMID 17389380.

    Bibliografia

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    Callithrix kuhlii: Brief Summary ( Italian )

    provided by wikipedia IT

    Lo uistitì di Wied (Callithrix kuhlii Coimbra-Filho, 1985) è un primate platirrino della famiglia dei Cebidi.

    Si credeva che questi animali fossero frutto dell'ibridazione spontanea di popolazioni di Callithrix geoffroyi e Callithrix penicillata: studi del DNA mitocondriale hanno tuttavia messo gli studiosi di fronte all'esistenza di una nuova specie.

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    Wieds zwartpluimpenseelaapje ( Dutch; Flemish )

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    Het Wieds zwartpluimpenseelaapje (Callithrix kuhlii) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de klauwaapjes (Callitrichidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Coimbra-Filho in 1985.

    Voorkomen

    De soort komt voor in Brazilië.

    Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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    Wieds zwartpluimpenseelaapje: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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    Het Wieds zwartpluimpenseelaapje (Callithrix kuhlii) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de klauwaapjes (Callitrichidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Coimbra-Filho in 1985.

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    Uistiti czarnoucha ( Polish )

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    Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

    Uistiti czarnoucha[1] (Callithrix kuhlii) – gatunek małpy szerokonosej z rodziny płaksowatych (Cebidae), występującej w tropikalnych i subtropikalnych lasach południowowschodniej Brazylii. Podobnie jak inne gatunki z rodzaju Callithrix żyją w grupach składających się z 4 lub 5 samic i 2 lub 3 samców (nie licząc potomstwa) w społecznościach matriarchalnych. Jedynie dominująca samica może się rozmnażać. Potomstwo zawsze rodzi się w parach.

    Żywią się sokiem z owoców, kwiatów i nasion, a także pająkami i owadami. Ze względu na występowanie tych składników pożywienia już od środkowych i niskich partii lasu, Callithrix kuhlii często wędrują i odżywiają się w towarzystwie lwiatek złotogłowych, które stołują się w koronach drzew.

    Na Callithrix kuhlii polują głównie ptaki drapieżne (harpia wielka, myszołowik prążkowany, myszołów krzykliwy i myszołów białosterny), kotowate (jaguar, jaguarundi i ocelot) i węże.

    Callithrix kuhlii jest zwierzęciem silnie socjalnym, spędza dużo czasu na iskaniu. Ma indywidualny, charakterystyczny głos. Komunikuje się za pomocą gestów i sygnałów zapachowych.

    Gatunek jest ubarwiony w większości na czarno, z białymi oznaczeniami na policzkach i czole. Ma pierścienie na ogonie i czarne kępki na futrze, wychodzące od uszu.

    Przypisy

    1. a b c d Systematyka i nazwy polskie za: Włodzimierz Cichocki, Agnieszka Ważna, Jan Cichocki, Ewa Rajska, Artur Jasiński, Wiesław Bogdanowicz: Polskie nazewnictwo ssaków świata. Warszawa: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, 2015, s. 36. ISBN 978-83-88147-15-9.
    2. Callithrix kuhlii, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
    3. a b Callithrix kuhlii. Czerwona księga gatunków zagrożonych (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (ang.).

    Bibliografia

    1. The Diversity of the New World Primates (Platyrrhini). W: Rylands AB and Mittermeier RA: South American Primates: Comparative Perspectives in the Study of Bahavior, Ecology, and Conservation. Wyd. Garber PA, Estrada A, Bicca-Marques JC, Heymann EW, Strier KB. Springer, 2009, s. 23–54. ISBN 978-0-387-78704-6.

    Linki zewnętrzne

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    Uistiti czarnoucha: Brief Summary ( Polish )

    provided by wikipedia POL

    Uistiti czarnoucha (Callithrix kuhlii) – gatunek małpy szerokonosej z rodziny płaksowatych (Cebidae), występującej w tropikalnych i subtropikalnych lasach południowowschodniej Brazylii. Podobnie jak inne gatunki z rodzaju Callithrix żyją w grupach składających się z 4 lub 5 samic i 2 lub 3 samców (nie licząc potomstwa) w społecznościach matriarchalnych. Jedynie dominująca samica może się rozmnażać. Potomstwo zawsze rodzi się w parach.

    Żywią się sokiem z owoców, kwiatów i nasion, a także pająkami i owadami. Ze względu na występowanie tych składników pożywienia już od środkowych i niskich partii lasu, Callithrix kuhlii często wędrują i odżywiają się w towarzystwie lwiatek złotogłowych, które stołują się w koronach drzew.

    Na Callithrix kuhlii polują głównie ptaki drapieżne (harpia wielka, myszołowik prążkowany, myszołów krzykliwy i myszołów białosterny), kotowate (jaguar, jaguarundi i ocelot) i węże.

    Callithrix kuhlii jest zwierzęciem silnie socjalnym, spędza dużo czasu na iskaniu. Ma indywidualny, charakterystyczny głos. Komunikuje się za pomocą gestów i sygnałów zapachowych.

    Gatunek jest ubarwiony w większości na czarno, z białymi oznaczeniami na policzkach i czole. Ma pierścienie na ogonie i czarne kępki na futrze, wychodzące od uszu.

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    Sagui-de-wied ( Portuguese )

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    Sagui-de-wied (nome científico: Callithrix kuhlii),[4] também genericamente designado massau, mico, saguim, sauí, sauim, soim, sonhim, tamari e xauim,[5][6] é uma espécie de macaco do Novo Mundo da família dos calitriquídeos (Callitrichidae) e gênero calitrix (Callithrix). É endêmico do Brasil, da região da Mata Atlântica, ocorrendo em florestas tropicais úmidas do nordeste de Minas Gerais e sul da Bahia.[4]

    Etimologia

    Sagui, sauí, sauim (a partir de sauhim, de 1817), xauim, soim e sonhim derivam do tupi-guarani sa'gwi ou sa'gwĩ.[7] Saguim, por sua vez, originou-se no aportuguesamento histórico do mesmo termo tupi, ou seja, çagoym (de 1511), que depois evoluiu para a forma atual em 1587.[8] Tamari tem provável origem tupi-guarani,[9] enquanto massau tem origem obscura.[10] Por fim, mico originou-se, possivelmente através do espanhol, na extinta língua cumanagota do Caribe e significa "mono de cauda longa".[11]

    Distribuição Geográfica e Habitat

    Essa espécie é típica das florestas costeiras do sul da Bahia,especialmente nos arredores da Reserva Biológica de Una, ocorrendo entre os rios das Contas e Jequitinhonha, ocorrendo também no nordeste de Minas Gerais. Sua distribuição geográfica parece limitada de acordo com a ocorrência da Mata Atlântica costeira, à medida que a espécie da lugar à Callithrix penicillata quanto mais longe do litoral.[12]

    Ecologia e descrição

    O sagui-de-wied são relativamente pequenos e pesam entre 350 e 400 gramas. Tem colocação preta com pelagem do crânio cinza e cauda anelada. Possuem áreas de pelagem branca nas bochechas, testas e ventre e tufos pretos ao redor das orelhas. Suas unhas parecem garras e carecem de polegar opositor.[13] São predados por aves de rapina, jaguatiricas e cobras. Alimentam-se de frutos sementes e outros recursos naturais disponíveis na floresta.[14]

    Reprodução

    A fêmea dominante de um grupo de sagui-de-wied acasala com vários machos, que depois coletivamente cuidam da ninhada. Nunca foi registrado propriamente o acasalamento, mas já se avistou os machos pavoneando-se ao redor das fêmeas com as cortas arqueadas e os cabelos eriçados, num processo que transcorre ao longo de 45 minutos. As fêmeas atingem a maturidade sexual entre os doze e quinze meses e os machos aos dozes meses. Pode haver duas ninhadas por ano e os filhotes sempre nascem aos pares. Apenas as fêmeas dominantes tem permissão para procriar.[13]

    Quimerismo

    Provou-se que uma troca mútua de células germinativas geralmente acontece entre os gêmeos em desenvolvimento no útero quimeras como a produção dos chamados - organismos contendo dois conjuntos de células, decorrente de dois zigotos diferentes - óvulos fecundados por dois espermatozoides diferentes (possivelmente produzida por dois diferentes machos). Isto implica que alguns tecidos de um organismo do sagui-de-Wied poderia vir de um segundo ( "menor") pai.[15]

    Na primeira os investigadores encontraram o quimerismo entre as células do tecido sanguíneo, depois, no entanto, ficou provado que este fenômeno ocorre em todo o tipo de tecido. A implicação mais interessante deste facto consiste na possibilidade de que mesmo um espermatozoide ou um óvulo produzido por um indivíduo que podem resultar de células germinativas seu irmão - assim como uma prole de um indivíduo geneticamente acontece a descendência de seu irmão.[15]

    Referências

    1. Groves, C. P. (2005). «Callithrix (Callithrix) kuhlii». In: Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference 3.ª ed. Baltimore, Marilândia: Imprensa da Universidade Johns Hopkins. p. 131. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494
    2. Rylands AB; Mittermeier RA (2009). «The Diversity of the New World Primates (Platyrrhini): An Annotated Taxonomy». In: Garber PA; Estrada A; Bicca-Marques JC; Heymann EW; Strier KB. South American Primates: Comparative Perspectives in the Study of Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation 3ª ed. Nova Iorque: Springer. pp. 23–54. ISBN 978-0-387-78704-6
    3. Neves, L. G.; Jerusalinsky, L.; Pereira, D. G.; Bicca-Marques, J. C.; Rylands, Anthony B.; Mittermeier, R. A. (2021). «Wied's Marmoset- Callithrix kuhlii». Lista Vermelha da IUCN. União Internacional para Conservação da Natureza (UICN). p. e.T3575A191701453. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T3575A191701453.en. Consultado em 17 de julho de 2021
    4. a b «Mamíferos - Callithrix kuhlii- Sagui de wied - Avaliação do Risco de Extinção de Callithrix kuhlii Coimbra-Filho, 1985 no Brasil». Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Ministério do Meio Ambiente. Consultado em 17 de julho de 2021
    5. «Sagui». Michaelis. Consultado em 17 de julho de 2021
    6. «Verbete "soim"». Dicionário Caldas Aulete. 2007. Consultado em 25 de setembro de 2016
    7. Houaiss, verbete sagui
    8. Houaiss, verbete saguim
    9. Houaiss, verbete tamari
    10. Houaiss, verbete massau
    11. Houaiss, verbete mico
    12. Rylands, A.B.; Coimbra-Filho, A.F.; Mittermeier, R.A. (2009). «The Sistematics and Distribution of the Marmosets (Callithrix, Calibella, Cebuella, and Mico) and Callimico (Callimico) (Callitrichidae, Primates)». In: Ford, S.M.; Porter, L.M.; Davis, L.L.C. The Smallest Anthropoids: The Marmoset/callimico Radiation (PDF) 3.ª ed. Nova Iorque: Springer. pp. 25–63. ISBN 978-1-4419-0292-4
    13. a b «Callithrix kuhlii - Weid's black-tufted-ear marmoset». Animal Diversity Web - Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Michigão
    14. Contiero, Patrícia (211). «Sagui de Wied». Cultura Mix
    15. a b Ross, C.N., French, J.A., and Ortí, G. (2007). «Germ-line chimerism and paternal care in marmosets (Callithrix kuhlii)». Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 104. 6278 páginas. PMID 17389380. doi:10.1073/pnas.0607426104 !CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores (link)
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    Sagui-de-wied: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

    provided by wikipedia PT

    Sagui-de-wied (nome científico: Callithrix kuhlii), também genericamente designado massau, mico, saguim, sauí, sauim, soim, sonhim, tamari e xauim, é uma espécie de macaco do Novo Mundo da família dos calitriquídeos (Callitrichidae) e gênero calitrix (Callithrix). É endêmico do Brasil, da região da Mata Atlântica, ocorrendo em florestas tropicais úmidas do nordeste de Minas Gerais e sul da Bahia.

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    Callithrix kuhlii ( Swedish )

    provided by wikipedia SV

    Callithrix kuhlii[2][3][4] är en däggdjursart som ingår i släktet silkesapor och familjen kloapor.[5][6] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som nära hotad.[1] Inga underarter finns listade.[5] Maximilian zu Wied-Neuwied var 1826 den förste som nämnde djuret i en avhandling, men det var ingen vetenskaplig beskrivning. Arten heter därför "Wied's marmoset" på engelska.

    Utseende

    Denna silkesapa blir 20 till 23 cm lång (huvud och bål), har en 29 till 33 cm lång svans och väger 350 till 400 g. Hjässan kännetecknas av en vit fläck i mitten samt av svarta tofsar framför öronen. I jämförelse med Callithrix penicillata är tofsarna inte lika täta. Arten har tydlig ljusbrun päls på kinderna och ofta även på strupen. På bålens ovansida förekommer flera tvärliggande strimmor i vitaktig och svartaktig. Dessutom har svansen svarta och vita ringar. Främst på låren men ibland även på andra kroppsdelar har håren ett rödbrunt avsnitt nära roten vad som resulterar i rödbruna områden. Till skillnad från Callithrix jacchus har arten en allmänt mörkare päls.[7] Enligt en annan källa väger hannar i genomsnitt 480 gram.[1]

    Utbredning och ekologi

    Denna silkesapa förekommer i östra Brasilien i delstaterna Bahia och Minas Gerais. Arten vistas där i regnskogar och andra fuktiga skogar. Liksom hos andra kloapor bildar individerna flockar med 5 till 15 medlemmar som har ett 10 till 40 hektar stort revir. Födan utgörs av olika växtdelar, naturgummi och några smådjur som insekter, grodor och ödlor.[1]

    Källor

    1. ^ [a b c d] 2008 Callithrix kuhlii Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-10-24.
    2. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing
    3. ^ (2005) , website Callithrix kuhlii, Mammal Species of the World
    4. ^ Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) , Common Names of Mammals of the World
    5. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (28 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/callithrix+kuhlii/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
    6. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
    7. ^ Wilson, Lacher & Mittermeier, red (2016). ”Callithrix kuhlii”. Handbook of the Mammals of the World. "3 - Pimates". Lynx Edicions. sid. 318

    Externa länkar

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    Callithrix kuhlii: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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    Callithrix kuhlii är en däggdjursart som ingår i släktet silkesapor och familjen kloapor. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som nära hotad. Inga underarter finns listade. Maximilian zu Wied-Neuwied var 1826 den förste som nämnde djuret i en avhandling, men det var ingen vetenskaplig beskrivning. Arten heter därför "Wied's marmoset" på engelska.

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    Callithrix kuhlii ( Vietnamese )

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    Callithrix kuhlii là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cebidae, bộ Linh trưởng. Loài này được Coimbra-Filho mô tả năm 1985.[2]

    Hình ảnh

    Chú thích

    1. ^ Rylands, A. B. & Kierullf, M. C. M. (2008). Callithrix kuhlii. 2008 Sách đỏ IUCN. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế 2008. Truy cập ngày 2 tháng 1 năm 2009.
    2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Callithrix kuhlii”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

    Tham khảo

    Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến Bộ Linh trưởng này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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    Callithrix kuhlii: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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    Callithrix kuhlii là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cebidae, bộ Linh trưởng. Loài này được Coimbra-Filho mô tả năm 1985.

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    Игрунка Куля ( Russian )

    provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
    Царство: Животные
    Подцарство: Эуметазои
    Без ранга: Вторичноротые
    Подтип: Позвоночные
    Инфратип: Челюстноротые
    Надкласс: Четвероногие
    Подкласс: Звери
    Инфракласс: Плацентарные
    Надотряд: Euarchontoglires
    Грандотряд: Euarchonta
    Миротряд: Приматообразные
    Отряд: Приматы
    Инфраотряд: Обезьянообразные
    Семейство: Игрунковые
    Вид: Игрунка Куля
    Международное научное название

    Callithrix kuhlii Coimbra-Filho, 1985

    Синонимы
    • Callithrix kuhli
    Ареал

    изображение

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    ITIS 572916NCBI 867363EOL 323891

    Игрунка Куля[1] (лат. Callithrix kuhlii) — примат из семейства Игрунковых. Видовое название дано в честь немецкого зоолога Генриха Куля (1797—1821)[2].

    Описание

    Небольшие приматы, весом от 350 до 400 грамм. Шерсть в основном чёрная, с серебристым отливом, голова серая, хвост загнут кольцом. На морде (лоб и щёки) белые отметины. Вокруг ушей пучки длинных волос. Большой палец не отстоит от остальных, ногти когтевидные.[3]

    Распространение

    Встречаются в Бразилии, в южной части штата Баия между реками Риу-ди-Контас и Жекитиньонья[en], а также в северной части штата Минас-Жерайс. Западная граница ареала точно не определена.[4]

    Поведение

    Образуют группы около семи особей. В группе может быть несколько половозрелых самцов и самок, причём количество самок примерно вдвое превосходит количество самцов. Социальное поведение сильно развито, большую часть дня животные проводят в совместных поисках пищи, взаимной чистке и играх. О молодняке проявляют заботу все члены группы. Повзрослев, самки остаются в родной группе, а самцы покидают её.

    Всеядны. В рационе цветы, фрукты, нектар, семена и орехи, насекомые и пауки. Значительную часть рациона занимают древесные соки. Челюстной аппарат этих приматов приспособлен к прогрызанию отверстий в стволах деревьев с целью добычи древесных соков.

    Передвигаются на четырёх конечностях, однако способны прыгать с дерева на дерево. В день в поисках пищи преодолевают от 830 до 1200 метров. Симпатричный вид — тамарин Leontopithecus chrysomelas — часто путешествует с группами игрунок Куля, ищет с ними пищу и предупреждает о нападении хищников.[5][3]

    Только доминантная самка в группе приносит потомство, при этом она может спариваться с несколькими самцами. Половой зрелости достигают в возрасте около года. Детёныши рождаются дважды в год.[5][6] Беременность длится около 4,5 месяцев. В помёте обычно двое детёнышей, составляющих до 25 % массы её тела.[3][5][6]

    Статус популяции

    Международный союз охраны природы присвоил этому виду охранный статус «Близок к уязвимому», поскольку по оценкам 2008 года численность популяции сократилась на 20—25 % за 18 лет. Основная угроза популяции — разрушение среды обитания. Плотность популяции составляет 8,7—9,09 группы на км² или 50—68,06 особи на км² (оценки 1982 года).[4]

    Примечания

    1. Полная иллюстрированная энциклопедия. «Млекопитающие» Кн. 2 = The New Encyclopedia of Mammals / под ред. Д. Макдональда. — М.: Омега, 2007. — С. 457. — 3000 экз.ISBN 978-5-465-01346-8.
    2. Bo Beolens, Michael Watkins, and Mike Grayson. The eponym dictionary of mammals. — Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009. — P. 231. — 574 p. — ISBN 978-0-8018-9304-9.
    3. 1 2 3 Mittermeier, R., A. Rylands, A. Coimbra-Filho, G. Fonseca. Ecology and Behavior of Neotropical Primates. — Washington D.C.: World Wildlife Fund, 1988.
    4. 1 2 Callithrix kuhlii (англ.). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
    5. 1 2 3 Rylands, A. Marmosets and Tamarins. — New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
    6. 1 2 Nunes, S., J. Fite, J. French. Variation in steroid hormones associated with infant care behaviour and experience in male marmosets // Animal Behaviour. — 2000. — № 60. — С. 857—865.
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    Игрунка Куля: Brief Summary ( Russian )

    provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию

    Игрунка Куля (лат. Callithrix kuhlii) — примат из семейства Игрунковых. Видовое название дано в честь немецкого зоолога Генриха Куля (1797—1821).

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    비트마모셋 ( Korean )

    provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

    비트마모셋 (Callithrix kuhlii)은 브라질 남동부의 열대 및 아열대 숲에서 서식하는 신세계원숭이의 일종이다. 비트검은술귀마모셋으로도 알려져 있다. 다른 마모셋과 달리, 비트마모셋은 네다섯 마리의 암컷들과 두세 마리의 수컷(새끼들 포함)들로 구성된 군집 생활을 한다. 이들은 모계사회를 이루어 살며, 지배 우위에 있는 한 마리의 암컷에게만 짝짓기가 허용된다. 다른 마모셋처럼, 새끼는 둘이 한 쌍으로 태어난다.

    원숭이의 먹이는 나무의 수액이며, 나무 열매와 꽃꿀, 꽃과 씨앗 그리고 거미와 곤충 등도 먹는다. 이들은 숲의 중간과 아랫 부분에서 발견되며, 비트마모셋은 캐노피에서 먹이를 구하는 황금머리사자타마린의 무리 속에서 이동하거나 먹이를 구하기도 한다.

    비트마모셋의 포식자는 맹금류(부채머리수리회색매, 큰부리말똥가리, 흰꼬리말똥가리)와 고양이과 동물(재규어재규어런디, 오셀롯) 그리고 들이다.

    각주

    1. Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M., 편집. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 131쪽. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
    2. Rylands AB and Mittermeier RA (2009). 〈The Diversity of the New World Primates (Platyrrhini)〉. Garber PA, Estrada A, Bicca-Marques JC, Heymann EW, Strier KB. 《South American Primates: Comparative Perspectives in the Study of Bahavior, Ecology, and Conservation》. Springer. 23–54쪽. ISBN 978-0-387-78704-6.
    3. “Callithrix kuhlii”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2008판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2008. 2009년 1월 2일에 확인함.
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