dcsimg

Associations

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Plant / resting place / on
effuse, epiphyllous colony of Aureobasidium dematiaceous anamorph of Aureobasidium pullulans may be found on live leaf upperside of Acer pseudoplatanus

Fungus / associate
effuse, epiphyllous colony of Aureobasidium dematiaceous anamorph of Aureobasidium pullulans is associated with colony of Cladosporium dematiaceous anamorph of Cladosporium

Animal / honeydew feeder
effuse, epiphyllous colony of Aureobasidium dematiaceous anamorph of Aureobasidium pullulans feeds on honeydew Drepanosiphum platanoides

In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / feeds on
Aureobasidium pullulans feeds on Suaeda vera

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Aureobasidium pullulans ( German )

provided by wikipedia DE

Aureobasidium pullulans (Syn.: Pullularia pullulans) ist ein ubiquitär nachweisbarer hefeähnlicher Pilz, der unterschiedliche Oberflächen und Lebensräume besiedeln kann. Er wird z. B. in Erde, Luft und Wasser sowie auf vielen Pflanzenoberflächen gefunden.

Aureobasidium pullulans kommt natürlich auf oder in einer weiten Bandbreite von Pflanzenarten vor (z. B. an Apfel, Weinreben, Kürbis, Bohnen und Kohl) ohne Krankheitssymptome zu verursachen.

Aureobasidium pullulans hat zudem große biotechnologische Bedeutung bei der Produktion verschiedener Enzyme und Siderophore sowie bei der Produktion des Polysaccharids Pullulan. Weiterhin wird Aureobasidium pullulans zunehmend zur biologischen Bekämpfung phytopathogener Pilze und Bakterien, zum Beispiel zur Bekämpfung von pilzlichen Lagerkrankheiten und Feuerbrand im Apfelanbau verwendet.

Literatur

  • John H. Andrews, Russell N. Spear, Erik V. Nordheim: Population biology of Aureobasidium pullulans on apple leaf surfaces. In: Canadian Journal of Microbiology Bd. 48, Nr. 6, 2002, S. 500–513, doi:10.1139/w02-044.
  • Zhenming Chi, Fang Wang, Zhe Chi, Lixi Yue, Guanglei Liu, Tong Zhang: Bioproducts from Aureobasidium pullulans, a biotechnologically important yeast. In: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. Bd. 82, Nr. 5, 2009, S. 793–804, doi:10.1007/s00253-009-1882-2.
  • Carlos J. Falconi, Kurt Mendgen: Epiphytic fungi on apple leaves and their value for control of the postharvest pathogens Botrytis cinerea, Monilinia fructigena and Penicillium expansum. In: Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz. Bd. 101, Nr. 1, 1994, S. 38–47, online.
  • Graham H. Fleet: Yeast interactions and wine flavour. In: Tibor Deàk (Hrsg.): 23rd International Specialized Symposium on Yeasts. Budapest, Hungary, 26–29 August 2003 (= International Journal of Food Microbiology. Special Issue, Bd. 86, Nr. 1/2, 2003). Elsevier, Amsterdam u. a. 2003, S. 11–22, doi:10.1016/S0168-1605(03)00245-9.
  • L. Simon, C. Caye-Vaugien, M. Bouchonneau: Relation between pullulan production, morphological state and growth conditions in Aureobasidium pullulans: new observations. In: The Journal of General Microbiology. Bd. 139, 1993, S. 979–985, doi:10.1099/00221287-139-5-979.
  • Teresa A. Webb, J. Orvin Mundt: Molds on vegetables at the time of harvest. In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Bd. 35, Nr. 4, 1978, S. 655–658, online.

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Aureobasidium pullulans: Brief Summary ( German )

provided by wikipedia DE

Aureobasidium pullulans (Syn.: Pullularia pullulans) ist ein ubiquitär nachweisbarer hefeähnlicher Pilz, der unterschiedliche Oberflächen und Lebensräume besiedeln kann. Er wird z. B. in Erde, Luft und Wasser sowie auf vielen Pflanzenoberflächen gefunden.

Aureobasidium pullulans kommt natürlich auf oder in einer weiten Bandbreite von Pflanzenarten vor (z. B. an Apfel, Weinreben, Kürbis, Bohnen und Kohl) ohne Krankheitssymptome zu verursachen.

Aureobasidium pullulans hat zudem große biotechnologische Bedeutung bei der Produktion verschiedener Enzyme und Siderophore sowie bei der Produktion des Polysaccharids Pullulan. Weiterhin wird Aureobasidium pullulans zunehmend zur biologischen Bekämpfung phytopathogener Pilze und Bakterien, zum Beispiel zur Bekämpfung von pilzlichen Lagerkrankheiten und Feuerbrand im Apfelanbau verwendet.

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Aureobasidium pullulans

provided by wikipedia EN

Aureobasidium pullulans is a ubiquitous and generalistic black, yeast-like fungus that can be found in different environments (e.g. soil, water, air and limestone). It is well known as a naturally occurring epiphyte or endophyte of a wide range of plant species (e.g. apple, grape, cucumber, green beans, cabbage) without causing any symptoms of disease.[1] A. pullulans has a high importance in biotechnology for the production of different enzymes, siderophores and pullulan.[2] Furthermore, A. pullulans is used in biological control of plant diseases, especially storage diseases.[3][4]

Chronic human exposure to A. pullulans via humidifiers or air conditioners can lead to hypersensitivity pneumonitis (extrinsic allergic alveolitis) or "humidifier lung". This condition is characterized acutely by dyspnea, cough, fever, chest infiltrates, and acute inflammatory reaction. The condition can also be chronic, and lymphocyte-mediated. The chronic condition is characterized radiographically by reticulonodular infiltrates in the lung, with apical sparing. The strains causing infections in humans were reclassified to A. melanogenum.[5]

A. pullulans can be cultivated on potato dextrose agar, where it produces smooth, faint pink, yeast-like colonies covered with a slimy mass of spores. Older colonies change to black due to chlamydospore production. Primary conidia are hyaline, smooth, ellipsoidal, one-celled, and variable in shape and size; secondary conidia are smaller. Conidiophores are undifferentiated, intercalary or terminal, or arising as short lateral branches. Endoconidia are produced in an intercalary cell and released into a neighboring empty cell. Hyphae are hyaline, smooth, and thinwalled, with transverse septa. The fungus grows at 10–35 °C with optimum growth at 30 °C.

A. pullulans is notable for its phenotypic plasticity. Colony morphology may be affected by carbon source, colony age, temperature, light and substrate, with colonies ranging from homogeneous to sectored, yeast-like to filamentous growth, and from small to large.[6] These changes, potentially influenced by epigenetic factors, and the particular developmental sequences that the colonies proceed through may be observed with the naked eye.[6] Besides these morphological plasticity A. pullulans is also adaptable to various stressful conditions: hypersaline, acidic and alkaline, cold, and oligotrophic. Therefore, it is considered to be polyextremotolerant.[7]

The morphology-based taxonomy of the species is complicated by the large morphological variability between strains and even within a single strain. Based on molecular analyses, four varieties of the species A. pullulans were recognised: var. pullulans from substrates with low water activity and the phyllosphere and a variety of other habitats; var. melanogenum from aquatic habitats; var. subglaciale from glacial habitats; and var. namibiae, which was described on the basis of only one strain isolated from dolomitic marble in Namibia.[8] However, when the genome sequences of these varieties became available, the differences between them were considered as too large to be accommodated in a single species. Therefore, the varieties were reclassified as new species: A. pullulans, A. melanogenum, A. subglaciale, and A. namibiae.[5]

The genome of A. pullulans s. str. contains large numbers of genes of gene families that can be linked to the nutritional versatility of the species and its stress tolerance.[5] The genome also contains a homothallic mating-type locus.[5][9] Further genome sequencing of fifty A. pullulans s. str. strains showed that the population of the species is homogeneous, with high levels of recombination and good dispersal. The species A. pullulans was thus recognised as a true generalist, able to inhabit a wide variety of habitats with no specialization to any of these habitats at the genomic level.[9] Despite the presence in the genome of a putative mating locus, and the observation of high recombination rates, no sexual cycle has yet been reported in this organism.

Due to the relatively recent redefinition of the species, most published work does not yet distinguish between the new species belonging to the previously recognised A. pullulans species complex. It is therefore not clear to what extent this knowledge is valid for A. pullulans s. str. and what should be attributed to the three new species.

See also

References

  1. ^ Andrews, J. H.; Spear, R. N.; Nordheim, E. V. (2002). "Population biology of Aureobasidium pullulans on apple leaf surfaces". Canadian Journal of Microbiology. 48 (6): 500–13. doi:10.1139/w02-044. PMID 12166677.
  2. ^ Chi, Z; Wang, F; Chi, Z; Yue, L; Liu, G; Zhang, T (2009). "Bioproducts from Aureobasidium pullulans, a biotechnologically important yeast". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 82 (5): 793–804. doi:10.1007/s00253-009-1882-2. PMID 19198830. S2CID 6356992.
  3. ^ Ferreira-Pinto, M. M.; Moura-Guedes, M. C.; Barreiro, M. G.; Pais, I; Santos, M. R.; Silva, M. J. (2006). "Aureobasidium pullulansas a biocontrol agent of blue mold in "Rocha" pear". Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences. 71 (3 Pt B): 973–8. PMID 17390846.
  4. ^ Zhang, D; Spadaro, D; Valente, S; Garibaldi, A; Gullino, M. L. (2012). "Cloning, characterization, expression and antifungal activity of an alkaline serine protease of Aureobasidium pullulans PL5 involved in the biological control of postharvest pathogens". International Journal of Food Microbiology. 153 (3): 453–64. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.12.016. hdl:2318/88995. PMID 22225984.
  5. ^ a b c d Gostinčar, Cene; Ohm, Robin A; Kogej, Tina; Sonjak, Silva; Turk, Martina; Zajc, Janja; Zalar, Polona; Grube, Martin; Sun, Hui; Han, James; Sharma, Aditi; Chiniquy, Jennifer; Ngan, Chew Yee; Lipzen, Anna; Barry, Kerrie; Grigoriev, Igor V; Gunde-Cimerman, Nina (2014). "Genome sequencing of four Aureobasidium pullulans varieties: biotechnological potential, stress tolerance, and description of new species". BMC Genomics. 15 (1): 549. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-549. PMC 4227064. PMID 24984952.
  6. ^ a b Slepecky, R. A.; Starmer, W. T. (2009). "Phenotypic plasticity in fungi: A review with observations on Aureobasidium pullulans". Mycologia. 101 (6): 823–32. doi:10.3852/08-197. PMID 19927747. S2CID 24313971.
  7. ^ Gostinčar, C.; Grube, M.; Gunde-Cimerman, N. (2011). "Evolution of Fungal Pathogens in Domestic Environments?". Fungal Biol. 115 (10): 1008–1018. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2011.03.004. PMID 21944213.
  8. ^ Zalar, P.; Gostincar, C.; De Hoog, G. S.; Ursic, V.; Sudhadham, M.; Gunde-Cimerman, N. (2008). "Redefinition of Aureobasidium pullulans and its varieties". Studies in Mycology. 61: 21–38. doi:10.3114/sim.2008.61.02. PMC 2610310. PMID 19287524.
  9. ^ a b Gostinčar, Cene; Turk, Martina; Zajc, Janja; Gunde-Cimerman, Nina (October 2019). "Fifty Aureobasidium pullulans genomes reveal a recombining polyextremotolerant generalist". Environmental Microbiology. 21 (10): 3638–3652. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.14693. ISSN 1462-2920. PMC 6852026. PMID 31112354.
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wikipedia EN

Aureobasidium pullulans: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Aureobasidium pullulans is a ubiquitous and generalistic black, yeast-like fungus that can be found in different environments (e.g. soil, water, air and limestone). It is well known as a naturally occurring epiphyte or endophyte of a wide range of plant species (e.g. apple, grape, cucumber, green beans, cabbage) without causing any symptoms of disease. A. pullulans has a high importance in biotechnology for the production of different enzymes, siderophores and pullulan. Furthermore, A. pullulans is used in biological control of plant diseases, especially storage diseases.

Chronic human exposure to A. pullulans via humidifiers or air conditioners can lead to hypersensitivity pneumonitis (extrinsic allergic alveolitis) or "humidifier lung". This condition is characterized acutely by dyspnea, cough, fever, chest infiltrates, and acute inflammatory reaction. The condition can also be chronic, and lymphocyte-mediated. The chronic condition is characterized radiographically by reticulonodular infiltrates in the lung, with apical sparing. The strains causing infections in humans were reclassified to A. melanogenum.

A. pullulans can be cultivated on potato dextrose agar, where it produces smooth, faint pink, yeast-like colonies covered with a slimy mass of spores. Older colonies change to black due to chlamydospore production. Primary conidia are hyaline, smooth, ellipsoidal, one-celled, and variable in shape and size; secondary conidia are smaller. Conidiophores are undifferentiated, intercalary or terminal, or arising as short lateral branches. Endoconidia are produced in an intercalary cell and released into a neighboring empty cell. Hyphae are hyaline, smooth, and thinwalled, with transverse septa. The fungus grows at 10–35 °C with optimum growth at 30 °C.

A. pullulans is notable for its phenotypic plasticity. Colony morphology may be affected by carbon source, colony age, temperature, light and substrate, with colonies ranging from homogeneous to sectored, yeast-like to filamentous growth, and from small to large. These changes, potentially influenced by epigenetic factors, and the particular developmental sequences that the colonies proceed through may be observed with the naked eye. Besides these morphological plasticity A. pullulans is also adaptable to various stressful conditions: hypersaline, acidic and alkaline, cold, and oligotrophic. Therefore, it is considered to be polyextremotolerant.

The morphology-based taxonomy of the species is complicated by the large morphological variability between strains and even within a single strain. Based on molecular analyses, four varieties of the species A. pullulans were recognised: var. pullulans from substrates with low water activity and the phyllosphere and a variety of other habitats; var. melanogenum from aquatic habitats; var. subglaciale from glacial habitats; and var. namibiae, which was described on the basis of only one strain isolated from dolomitic marble in Namibia. However, when the genome sequences of these varieties became available, the differences between them were considered as too large to be accommodated in a single species. Therefore, the varieties were reclassified as new species: A. pullulans, A. melanogenum, A. subglaciale, and A. namibiae.

The genome of A. pullulans s. str. contains large numbers of genes of gene families that can be linked to the nutritional versatility of the species and its stress tolerance. The genome also contains a homothallic mating-type locus. Further genome sequencing of fifty A. pullulans s. str. strains showed that the population of the species is homogeneous, with high levels of recombination and good dispersal. The species A. pullulans was thus recognised as a true generalist, able to inhabit a wide variety of habitats with no specialization to any of these habitats at the genomic level. Despite the presence in the genome of a putative mating locus, and the observation of high recombination rates, no sexual cycle has yet been reported in this organism.

Due to the relatively recent redefinition of the species, most published work does not yet distinguish between the new species belonging to the previously recognised A. pullulans species complex. It is therefore not clear to what extent this knowledge is valid for A. pullulans s. str. and what should be attributed to the three new species.

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Aureobasidium pullulans ( French )

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La levure noire Aureobasidium pullulans est une espèce de champignons ubiquistes, c’est-à-dire qu’elle est présente partout et dans différents environnements (sol, air, eau). On la retrouve souvent sur la surface de différentes plantes, dont le pommier où elle survit comme épiphyte, sans affecter son hôte. Elle est néanmoins associée à certains problèmes de roussissure des fruits. Certaines souches de cette levure ont été sélectionnées pour leur efficacité contre différentes maladies du pommier, notamment contre le feu bactérien et les pourritures d’entrepôts.

Liste des variétés

Selon NCBI (12 novembre 2013)[1] :

  • variété Aureobasidium pullulans var. melanogenum
  • variété Aureobasidium pullulans var. namibiae
  • variété Aureobasidium pullulans var. pullulans
  • variété Aureobasidium pullulans var. subglaciale

Notes et références

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Aureobasidium pullulans: Brief Summary ( French )

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La levure noire Aureobasidium pullulans est une espèce de champignons ubiquistes, c’est-à-dire qu’elle est présente partout et dans différents environnements (sol, air, eau). On la retrouve souvent sur la surface de différentes plantes, dont le pommier où elle survit comme épiphyte, sans affecter son hôte. Elle est néanmoins associée à certains problèmes de roussissure des fruits. Certaines souches de cette levure ont été sélectionnées pour leur efficacité contre différentes maladies du pommier, notamment contre le feu bactérien et les pourritures d’entrepôts.

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Aureobasidium pullulans ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Schimmels

Aureobasidium pullulans is een gistvormende schimmel, die behoort tot de ascomyceten. Het meeste komt de ongeslachtelijke vorm (anamorf) voor, maar de schimmel heeft ook een weinig voorkomende geslachtelijke vorm (teleomorf), die waarschijnlijk voorkomt onder de naam Discosphaerina fagi.[1] De schimmel komt in veel uiteenlopende biotopen voor en wordt bijvoorbeeld gevonden in de grond, in de lucht, in water en op vele plantenoppervlakken. De schimmel kan tegen hoge en lage temperaturen, hoge zoutgehalten en zeer zure omgevingen. Aureobasidium pullulans komt voor als epifyt of endofyt op of in appelbomen, wijnstokken, pompoenen, sperziebonen en kool. Verder komt de schimmel voor in bijvoorbeeld badkamers, wasruimtes en op vochtige muren.[2]

De schimmel kan zich beschermen door de vorming van structuren bestaande uit mannitol en trehalose.

Stammen van Aureobasidium pullulans worden in de biotechnologie gebruikt voor de productie van verschillende enzymen (amylase, proteïnase, lipase, cellulase, xylanase, mannanase, transferases), sideroforen, polysachariden (pullulaan) en eetbare eencellige micro-organismen (enkelcellig eiwit). Verder wordt de schimmel gebruikt voor de biologische bestrijding van schimmels en bacteriën, die bijvoorbeeld tijdens het bewaren optreden en van bacterievuur in appelboomgaarden.

De gladde gistcellen hebben een dunne wand en zijn verschillend in grootte en vorm. Op een PDA-voedingsbodem (Potato Dextrose Agar) zijn de kolonies in het begin geel, creme-achtig, lichtroze of lichtbruin. Na 3 - 4 dagen verkleuren ze zwart, worden ze glad en bedekt met slijm. De kolobies kleuren zwart door de vorming van chlamydosporen en door de vorming van melanine in de schimmeldraden. De schimmeldraden zijn glad met een dunne celwand en 2 - 16 μm dik. Ze vormen een compact mycelium.[3] De schimmel kan ook macro- en microconidia vormen.

Variëteiten

  • Aureobasidium pullulans var. pullulans
  • Aureobasidium pullulans var. melanogenum
  • Aureobasidium pullulans var. subglaciale
  • Aureobasidium pullulans var. namibiae

Externe links

Noten

Referenties

  • John H. Andrews, Russell N. Spear, Erik V. Nordheim: Population biology of Aureobasidium pullulans on apple leaf surfaces. In: Canadian Journal of Microbiology Bd. 48, Nr. 6, 2002, S. 500–513, DOI:10.1139/w02-044.
  • Zhenming Chi, Fang Wang, Zhe Chi, Lixi Yue, Guanglei Liu, Tong Zhang: Bioproducts from Aureobasidium pullulans, a biotechnologically important yeast. In: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. Bd. 82, Nr. 5, 2009, S. 793–804, DOI:10.1007/s00253-009-1882-2.
  • Carlos J. Falconi, Kurt Mendgen: Epiphytic fungi on apple leaves and their value for control of the postharvest pathogens Botrytis cinerea, Monilinia fructigena and Penicillium expansum. In: Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz. Bd. 101, Nr. 1, 1994, S. 38–47, online.
  • Graham H. Fleet: Yeast interactions and wine flavour. In: Tibor Deàk (Hrsg.): 23rd International Specialized Symposium on Yeasts. Budapest, Hungary, 26–29 August 2003 (= International Journal of Food Microbiology. Special Issue, Bd. 86, Nr. 1/2, 2003). Elsevier, Amsterdam u. a. 2003, S. 11–22, DOI:10.1016/S0168-1605(03)00245-9.
  • L. Simon, C. Caye-Vaugien, M. Bouchonneau: Relation between pullulan production, morphological state and growth conditions in Aureobasidium pullulans: new observations. In: The Journal of General Microbiology. Bd. 139, 1993, S. 979–985, DOI:10.1099/00221287-139-5-979.
  • Teresa A. Webb, J. Orvin Mundt: Molds on vegetables at the time of harvest. In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Bd. 35, Nr. 4, 1978, S. 655–658, online.
Wikimedia Commons Zie de categorie Aureobasidium pullulans van Wikimedia Commons voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.
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Aureobasidium pullulans: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

provided by wikipedia NL

Aureobasidium pullulans is een gistvormende schimmel, die behoort tot de ascomyceten. Het meeste komt de ongeslachtelijke vorm (anamorf) voor, maar de schimmel heeft ook een weinig voorkomende geslachtelijke vorm (teleomorf), die waarschijnlijk voorkomt onder de naam Discosphaerina fagi. De schimmel komt in veel uiteenlopende biotopen voor en wordt bijvoorbeeld gevonden in de grond, in de lucht, in water en op vele plantenoppervlakken. De schimmel kan tegen hoge en lage temperaturen, hoge zoutgehalten en zeer zure omgevingen. Aureobasidium pullulans komt voor als epifyt of endofyt op of in appelbomen, wijnstokken, pompoenen, sperziebonen en kool. Verder komt de schimmel voor in bijvoorbeeld badkamers, wasruimtes en op vochtige muren.

De schimmel kan zich beschermen door de vorming van structuren bestaande uit mannitol en trehalose.

Stammen van Aureobasidium pullulans worden in de biotechnologie gebruikt voor de productie van verschillende enzymen (amylase, proteïnase, lipase, cellulase, xylanase, mannanase, transferases), sideroforen, polysachariden (pullulaan) en eetbare eencellige micro-organismen (enkelcellig eiwit). Verder wordt de schimmel gebruikt voor de biologische bestrijding van schimmels en bacteriën, die bijvoorbeeld tijdens het bewaren optreden en van bacterievuur in appelboomgaarden.

De gladde gistcellen hebben een dunne wand en zijn verschillend in grootte en vorm. Op een PDA-voedingsbodem (Potato Dextrose Agar) zijn de kolonies in het begin geel, creme-achtig, lichtroze of lichtbruin. Na 3 - 4 dagen verkleuren ze zwart, worden ze glad en bedekt met slijm. De kolobies kleuren zwart door de vorming van chlamydosporen en door de vorming van melanine in de schimmeldraden. De schimmeldraden zijn glad met een dunne celwand en 2 - 16 μm dik. Ze vormen een compact mycelium. De schimmel kan ook macro- en microconidia vormen.

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Anthostomella pullulans ( Szl )

provided by wikipedia SZL

Anthostomella pullulans je grzib[1], co go ôpisoł F.T. Benn. 1928. Anthostomella pullulans nŏleży do zorty Anthostomella i familije Xylariales.[2][3] Żŏdne podgatōnki niy sōm wymianowane we Catalogue of Life.[2]

Przipisy

  1. Bennett{?} (1928), In: Ann. appl. Biol. 15:371
  2. 2,0 2,1 Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.): Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2019 Annual Checklist.. Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands., 2019. [dostymp 24 września 2012].
  3. Species Fungorum. Kirk P.M., 2010-11-23
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Anthostomella pullulans: Brief Summary ( Szl )

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Anthostomella pullulans je grzib, co go ôpisoł F.T. Benn. 1928. Anthostomella pullulans nŏleży do zorty Anthostomella i familije Xylariales. Żŏdne podgatōnki niy sōm wymianowane we Catalogue of Life.

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Aureobasidium pullulans ( Szl )

provided by wikipedia SZL

Aureobasidium pullulans je grzib[13], co go nojprzōd ôpisoł de Bary, a terŏźnõ nazwã doł mu G. Arnaud 1918. Aureobasidium pullulans nŏleży do zorty Aureobasidium i familije Dothioraceae.[19][20] Żŏdne podgatōnki niy sōm wymianowane we Catalogue of Life.[19]

Przipisy

  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 CABI databases. [dostymp 24 stycznia 2013].
  2. Yurlova (1997), In: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 72(2):146
  3. Herm.-Nijh. (1977), In: Stud. Mycol. 15:161
  4. Rodr. Mir. & Deim (1974), In: Can. J. Bot. 52(1):280
  5. Subram. (1971), In: Hyphomycetes (New Delhi):411
  6. E.K. Novák & Zsolt (1961), In: Acta bot. hung. 7:134
  7. E.S. Wynne & Gott (1956), In: J. gen. Microbiol. 14:517
  8. E.S. Wynne & Gott (1956), In: J. gen. Microbiol. 14:516
  9. D.S. Clark & R.H. Wallace (1955), In: Can. J. Microbiol. 1:275
  10. Robak (1932), In: Nytt Mag. Natur. 71:255
  11. Berkhout (1923), In: De Schimmelgeslachten Monilia, Oidium, Oospora en Torula, Scheveningen:56
  12. Berkhout (1923), In: De Schimmelgeslachten Monilia:55
  13. 13,0 13,1 G. Arnaud (1918), In: Annals d'École National d'Agric. de Montpellier, N.S. 16:39
  14. C.A. Browne (1918), In: Journal of ind. Engng. Chem. 10:187
  15. Sacc. & Trotter (1913), In: Syll. fung. (Abellini) 22:1250
  16. Viala & G. Boyer (1891), In: Rev. gén. Bot. 3:371
  17. P.A. Saccardo (1886), In: Syll. fung. (Abellini) 4:265
  18. Castagne (1845), In: Cat. Pl. Mars.:222
  19. 19,0 19,1 Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.): Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2019 Annual Checklist.. Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands., 2019. [dostymp 2019-09-20].
  20. Species Fungorum. Kirk P.M., 2010-11-23
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Aureobasidium pullulans: Brief Summary ( Szl )

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Aureobasidium pullulans je grzib, co go nojprzōd ôpisoł de Bary, a terŏźnõ nazwã doł mu G. Arnaud 1918. Aureobasidium pullulans nŏleży do zorty Aureobasidium i familije Dothioraceae. Żŏdne podgatōnki niy sōm wymianowane we Catalogue of Life.

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Ауреобазидиум почкующийся ( Russian )

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Царство: Грибы
Подцарство: Высшие грибы
Отдел: Аскомицеты
Подотдел: Pezizomycotina
Порядок: Дотидеевые
Семейство: Saccotheciaceae
Вид: Ауреобазидиум почкующийся
Международное научное название

Aureobasidium pullulans (de Bary & Löwenthal) G.Arnaud, 1918

Синонимы
Pullularia pullulans (de Bary & Löwenthal) Berkhout
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Изображения
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NCBI 5580EOL 3032312MB 101771

Ауреобази́диум почку́ющийся (лат. Aureobasídium púllulans) — вид грибов, относящийся к порядку Дотидеевые (Dothideales).

Тёмноокрашенный гриб, образующий дрожжеподобные почкующиеся конидии.

Используется в биотехнологии для синтеза пуллулана.

Описание

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Колония на картофельно-декстрозном агаре (PDA)

Вегетативные гифы 2—10 (12) мкм толщиной, гиалиновые. Отдельные клетки преобразуются в округлые чёрно-коричневые толстостенные бластоспоры и хламидоспоры. Растущие гифы неправильно дихотомически ветвящиеся. Конидиеносцы не выражены, фиалиды морфологически сходны с остальными клетками гиф, образуются интеркалярно в виде небольших бугорков на гифах толщиной 5—8 мкм. Конидии дрожжеподобные: первичные образуются на фиалидах, вторичные отпочковываются от первичных. Конидии неокрашенные или бледные, одноклеточные, разнообразных формы и размера, первичные достигают 10—16×3—6 мкм, вторичные мельче — 7—10×4—5 мкм. Некоторые конидии образуются эндогенно.

Колонии на агаре Чапека с дрожжевым экстрактом (CYA) и агаре с солодовым экстрактом (MEA) 25—35 мм в диаметре, низкие, слизистые, сначала беловатые, затем розоватые и серо-коричневые до почти чёрных, вскоре покрытые слизистым экссудатом. Колонии на 25%-но-глицериново-нитратном агаре (G25N) 10—12 мм в диаметре. При +5 °C образуются микроколонии не более 3 мм в диаметре. Приводятся данные о наличии роста у культур при температурах от +2 до +35 °C. Температурный оптимум — +25 °C. При +37 °C рост отсутствует. Возможно, некоторые штаммы способны расти при температурах до −5 °C.

Согласно молекулярно-филогенетическим данным, изоляты Aureobasidium pullulans из разных регионов образуют однородную близкую группу, что позволяет предположить полное отсутствие у гриба полового размножения.

Ареал и экология

Повсеместно распространённый гриб-сапротроф. Встречается на самых разнообразных влажных гниющих субстратах, в почве, на листьях растений и внутри них, редко — на пищевых продуктах.

Значение

Aureobasidium pullulans — природный источник полисахарида пуллулана. Синтезирует пуллулан только при избытке подходящего источника углерода.

Синонимы

Гомотипные:

Гетеротипные:

  • Aureobasidium vitis Viala & G.Boyer, 1891typus
  • Aureobasis vitis (Viala & G.Boyer) Clem. & Shear, 1931
  • Chrysobasidium vitis (Viala & G.Boyer) Clem., 1909
  • Exobasidium vitis (Viala & G.Boyer) Prill. & Delacr., 1894

и другие.

Примечания

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Ауреобазидиум почкующийся: Brief Summary ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию

Ауреобази́диум почку́ющийся (лат. Aureobasídium púllulans) — вид грибов, относящийся к порядку Дотидеевые (Dothideales).

Тёмноокрашенный гриб, образующий дрожжеподобные почкующиеся конидии.

Используется в биотехнологии для синтеза пуллулана.

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黑酵母菌 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Aureobasidium pullulans

黑酵母菌Aureobasidium pullulans),又名暗金黄担子菌出芽短梗霉,是一種類似酵母真菌,存在於多種生活環境。

黑酵母菌的細胞壁的周邊會產生多糖類物質,當中最重要的是β-葡聚醣(β-Glucan)[1]

參考資料

  • Themis J. Michailides. "Above ground fungal diseases", Chapter 27. (PDF).[失效連結]
  • Chi, Z., Wang, F., Chi, Z., Yue, L., Lui, G. and Zhang, T., 2009. Bioproducts from Aureobasidium pulluulans, a biotechnologically important yeast. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 82:793-804.
  • Fleet, G.H., 2003. Yeast interactions and wine flavour. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 86:11-22.
  • Falconi, C.J. and Mendgen, K., 1994. Epiphytic fungi on apple leaves and their value for control of the postharvest pathogens Botrytis cinerea, Monilinia fructigena and Penicillium expansum. Z.PflKrankh. PflSchutz 101:38-47.
  • Andrews, J.H., Spear, R.N. and Nordheim, E.V., 2002. Population biology of Aureobasidium pullulans on apple leaf surfaces. Can. J. Microbiol. 48:500-513.
  • Webb, T.A. and Mundt, J.O., 1978. Molds on vegetables at the time of harvest. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 35:655-658.
  • Simon, L., Caye-Vaugien, C. and Bouchonneau, M., 1993. Relation between pullulan production, morphological state and growth conditions in Aureobasidium pullulans: new observations. Journal of General Microbiology 139:979-985.
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维基百科作者和编辑

黑酵母菌: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

黑酵母菌(Aureobasidium pullulans),又名暗金黄担子菌、出芽短梗霉,是一種類似酵母真菌,存在於多種生活環境。

黑酵母菌的細胞壁的周邊會產生多糖類物質,當中最重要的是β-葡聚醣(β-Glucan)。

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