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Ratpenat de cara negra ( Catalan; Valencian )

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El ratpenat de cara negra (Tomopeas ravus) és una espècie de ratpenat de la família dels molòssids, dins del gènere monotípic Tomopeas i la subfamília monotípica Tomopeatinae. És endèmic del Perú i es troba amenaçat per la pèrdua d'hàbitat.[1]

Taxonomia

La classificació d'aquesta espècie ha estat històricament problemàtica, ja que molts autors l'han situat dins la família dels vespertiliònids, mentre que d'altres la situaven dins de la dels molòssids. No obstant això, actualment tots els autors coincideixen a situar-la dins de la subfamília Tomopeatinae com a únic membre.

Referències

Enllaços externs

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Ratpenat de cara negra: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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El ratpenat de cara negra (Tomopeas ravus) és una espècie de ratpenat de la família dels molòssids, dins del gènere monotípic Tomopeas i la subfamília monotípica Tomopeatinae. És endèmic del Perú i es troba amenaçat per la pèrdua d'hàbitat.

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Stumpfohrfledermaus ( German )

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Die Stumpfohrfledermaus (Tomopeas ravus)[1] ist eine in Peru endemische Fledermausart aus der Familie der Bulldoggfledermäuse (Molossidae), die vor allem durch ihre umstrittene systematische Stellung bemerkenswert ist.

Beschreibung

Die Stumpfohrfledermaus erreicht eine Kopfrumpflänge von 73 bis 85 Millimeter. Der Schwanz wird 34 bis 45 Millimeter lang und ragt im Gegensatz zu den übrigen Bulldoggfledermäusen nicht aus dem Uropatagium (der Schwanzflughaut) hervor. Mit einem Gewicht von 2 bis 3,5 Gramm zählt sie zu den kleinsten Fledermäusen überhaupt. Ihr Fell ist an der Oberseite hellbraun und an der Unterseite hellgrau gefärbt; das Gesicht, die Ohren und die Flughäute sind schwarz.

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Verbreitungsgebiet der Stumpfohrfledermaus

Lebensweise

Über die Lebensweise dieser Fledermausart ist wenig bekannt. Die Stumpfohrfledermaus bewohnt die trockenen Küstenregionen Perus bis zu einer Seehöhe von 2.300 Metern.[2] Als Ruheplätze dürfte sie sowohl Blätter von Mesquite-Bäumen als auch Felsspalten benutzen. Jungtiere wurden im August und September gesichtet, was dafür spricht, dass die Weibchen ihre Jungen während der Trockenzeit zur Welt bringen. Das Verbreitungsgebiet der Art wird auf weniger als 100 km² geschätzt. Aufgrund der Zerstörung ihres eingeschränkten Lebensraumes durch die Ausbreitung von Siedlungsgebieten und Landwirtschaft, sowie die Zerstörung von Quartieren, insbesondere Höhlen, wird die Art von der IUCN als stark gefährdet (endangered) gelistet.[2]

Systematik

Die Stumpfohrfledermaus vereint sowohl Merkmale der Glattnasen (Vespertilionidae) – wie den Bau des Schwanzes – als auch der Bulldoggfledermäuse (Molossidae) – wie den Bau der Wirbel. Früher wurde sie den Glattnasen zugerechnet, jüngere, auch genetische Untersuchungen[3] sehen in ihr ein Mitglied der Bulldoggfledermäuse. Sie bildet dort eine eigene Unterfamilie, Tomopeatine[4], und stellt das Schwestertaxon aller übrigen Bulldoggfledermäuse dar.

Literatur

Weblinks

  1. Theodor C. H. Cole: Wörterbuch der Säugetiernamen – Dictionary of Mammal Names. 1. Auflage. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg 2015, ISBN 978-3-662-46269-0.
  2. a b Tomopeas ravus in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2017.2. Eingestellt von: P. Velazco, 2014. Abgerufen am 25. November 2017.
  3. Philip D. Sudman, Linda J. Barkley, Mark S. Hafner: Familial Affinity of Tomopeas ravus (Chiroptera) Based on Protein Electrophoretic and Cytochrome B Sequence Data. In: Journal of Mammalogy, Vol. 75, Nr. 2, (1994), S. 365–377 Abstract
  4. Renato Gregorin & Andrea Cirranello: Phylogeny of Molossidae Gervais (Mammalia: Chiroptera) inferred by morphological data. In: Cladistics. Band 32, Nr. 1, 2016, S. 2–35, doi:10.1111/cla.12117.
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Stumpfohrfledermaus: Brief Summary ( German )

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Die Stumpfohrfledermaus (Tomopeas ravus) ist eine in Peru endemische Fledermausart aus der Familie der Bulldoggfledermäuse (Molossidae), die vor allem durch ihre umstrittene systematische Stellung bemerkenswert ist.

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Tomopeas ravus ( Stq )

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Tomopeas ravus Neen Bielde deer! Systematik Unneroardenge: Fläddermuuse Familie: Molossidae Unnerfamilie: Tomopeatinae Sleek: Tomopeas Oard: Tomopeas ravus

Tomopeas ravus is ne Fläddermuus un juu eensige Oard fon dän Sleek Tomopeas un juu Unnerfamilie Tomopeatinae. Moonige Ljuude kweede ook, dät disse Oard tou juu Unnerfamilie Vespertilionidae heert. Die Lieuwendsruum fon disse Oard sunt Deele fon Peru in Suudamerikoa. Juu ganse Körperloangte fon n uutwoaksen Diert is 73 bit 85 mm, juu Stäitloangte 34 bit 45 mm. Die Unnerierm (in dissen Fal die "Unnerjuuke") is 31,2 bit 34,5 mm loange. Tomopeas ravus wächt 2 bit 3,5 Gramm.

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Tomopeas ravus: Brief Summary ( Stq )

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Tomopeas ravus is ne Fläddermuus un juu eensige Oard fon dän Sleek Tomopeas un juu Unnerfamilie Tomopeatinae. Moonige Ljuude kweede ook, dät disse Oard tou juu Unnerfamilie Vespertilionidae heert. Die Lieuwendsruum fon disse Oard sunt Deele fon Peru in Suudamerikoa. Juu ganse Körperloangte fon n uutwoaksen Diert is 73 bit 85 mm, juu Stäitloangte 34 bit 45 mm. Die Unnerierm (in dissen Fal die "Unnerjuuke") is 31,2 bit 34,5 mm loange. Tomopeas ravus wächt 2 bit 3,5 Gramm.

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Blunt-eared bat

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The blunt-eared bat or Peruvian crevice-dwelling bat (Tomopeas ravus) is a species of bat in the family Molossidae. It is monotypic within the genus Tomopeas and subfamily Tomopeatinae. It is endemic to Peru, where it is considered critically endangered. It is threatened by habitat loss.[1]

Taxonomy and etymology

The classification of the blunt-eared bat has historically been problematic. When it was first described by Gerrit Smith Miller Jr. in 1900, it was placed in Vespertilionidae.[2] In 1970, it was proposed that it should be in its own family, due to its intermediate qualities between Vespertilionidae and Molossidae.[3] Taxonomists continued to place it in the vesper bat family[4] until a 1994 study of their mitochondrial DNA showed that they were better placed in Molossidae.[2] It is now widely recognized as the only member of subfamily Tomopeatinae of family Molossidae.[5] There is evidence that it is basal to all other genera of the Molossidae.[2]

Its genus name Tomopeas is possibly a reference to the Malay word "mops", meaning "bat";[6] Miller used "mops" in other genera he described, including Eumops and Nyctinomops.[7] Ravus is Latin for tawny.[8]

Description

Their fur is pale yellowish-gray in color, while their flight membranes are dark.[3][9] Their face and ears are also dark in color. Their ventral fur is lighter than their dorsal fur, and is a creamy buff color. The fur is soft and dense, with individual hairs approximately 8 mm (0.31 in) long. The uropatagium is sparsely furred on both its dorsal and ventral sides.[9] Like other free-tailed bats, the blunt-eared bat has a blunt tragus, a small but defined antitragus, tubular nostrils, and fusion of the seventh cervical and first thoracic vertebrae.[2] They are extremely small in size, weighing only 2–3.5 g (0.071–0.123 oz). From nose to tail, they are 73–85 mm (2.9–3.3 in) long. Their forearms are 31.2–34.5 mm (1.23–1.36 in) long. Males and females are similar in size. Unlike other free-tailed bats, the projection of the tail from the uropatagium is very short, with only the last two caudal vertebrae extending past the membrane, measuring 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) long.[3] Their dental formula is 1.1.1.32.1.2.3, for a total of 28 teeth.[9] The calcar forms a small but distinct lobe, and its keel is narrow and inconspicuous.[9]

Biology

As they are relatively uncommon, not much is known about their biology. Juveniles, lactating females, and lactating females have all been encountered in July and August, suggesting that this is a time of high reproductive activity.[3][10] They are insectivorous. They have been found to be infected with the protozoan endoparasite Eimeria. A new species of Eimeria was described from the blunt-eared bat; it was named Eimeria tomopea in reference to this fact.[11]

Range and habitat

It is endemic to Peru. Its range is restricted to the arid and semiarid regions of Peru's coastal region.[1] They are found from 0–2,300 m (0–7,546 ft) above sea level. During the day, it roosts in the crevices of granite boulders and outcroppings. The crevices they use are small, at only 0.5–1 in (1.3–2.5 cm). They possibly prefer crevices that face the west or southwest.[3] In 2010, a blunt-eared bat was discovered 230 km (140 mi) south of the previous estimated range. This capture was the first time the blunt-eared bat was observed in over thirty years.[12] A 2013 study suggested that their range might extend into southwest Ecuador, as the habitat would be similar to where they are found in Peru. So far, there is no evidence to confirm this.[13]

Conservation

It has only been encountered in twelve localities, four of which are less than 3 km (1.9 mi) apart. Its area of occupancy is estimated at less than 100 km2 (39 sq mi). In Peru, it is considered critically endangered. The International Union for Conservation of Nature assessed it as vulnerable in 1996 and 2008, but revised its classification to endangered in 2016. They identify habitat destruction as the primary threat to this species; its habitat is being lost to agricultural conversion and urbanization. This species is possibly under threat by efforts to control vampire bats. Sometimes, entire caves are fumigated, which kills all the bats inside.[1] In 2013, bat researchers reported capturing two individuals with "relatively little sampling effort," causing them to question if the species is actually rare or if it is not encountered due to inappropriate sampling methods.[13]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Velazco, P. (2016). "Tomopeas ravus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T21982A21975053. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T21982A21975053.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d Sudman, P. D., Barkley, L. J., & Hafner, M. S. (1994). Familial affinity of Tomopeas ravus (Chiroptera) based on protein electrophoretic and cytochrome b sequence data. Journal of Mammalogy, 75(2), 365-377.
  3. ^ a b c d e Davis, W. B. (1970). Tomopeas ravus Miller (Chiroptera). Journal of Mammalogy, 51(2), 244-247.
  4. ^ Gregorin, R. (2003). Comparative morphology of the tongue in free-tailed bats (Chiroptera, Molossidae). Iheringia. Série Zoologia, 93(2), 213-221.
  5. ^ Wilson, D. E., & Reeder, D. M. (Eds.). (2005). Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. JHU Press.
  6. ^ Best, T. L., Kiser, W. M., & Freeman, P. W. (1996). Eumops perotis.
  7. ^ Miller, G. S. (1902). Twenty new American bats. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 389-412.
  8. ^ Bostock, P. D. (2013). A Primer of Botanical Latin with Vocabulary.
  9. ^ a b c d Miller Jr, G. S. (1900). LXXIV.—A new bat from Peru. Journal of Natural History, 6(36), 570-574.
  10. ^ Barkley, L.J. 2008. Subfamily Tomopeatinae Miller, 1907. In: Gardner, A.L. (ed.), Mammals of South America. Volume 1. Marsupials, xenarthrans, shrews, and bats, pp. 439-440. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
  11. ^ Duszynski, D. W., & Barkley, L. J. (1985). Eimeria from bats of the world: A new species in Tomopeas ravus from Peru. The Journal of parasitology, 204-208.
  12. ^ Zamora, H., Medina, C., Escobar, A., Arteaga, Y., Cadenillas, R., & Velazco, P. M. (2014). New distributional record of the rare endemic Peruvian Tomopeas ravus Miller, 1900 (Chiroptera, Molossidae, Tomopeatinae).
  13. ^ a b Velazco, P. M., Cadenillas, R., Centty, O., Huamaní, L., & Zamora, H. (2013). New records of Platalina genovensium (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) and Tomopeas ravus (Chiroptera, Molossidae). Mastozoología neotropical, 20(2), 425-434.
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Blunt-eared bat: Brief Summary

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The blunt-eared bat or Peruvian crevice-dwelling bat (Tomopeas ravus) is a species of bat in the family Molossidae. It is monotypic within the genus Tomopeas and subfamily Tomopeatinae. It is endemic to Peru, where it is considered critically endangered. It is threatened by habitat loss.

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Tomopeas ravus ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Tomopeas ravus es una especie de murciélago de la familia Molossidae. Es la única especie del género Tomopeas.

Distribución geográfica

Es endémica de Perú. Es la única especie del género Tomopeas.

Referencias

  • SIMMONS, N. B. Order Chiroptera. In: WILSON, D. E.; REEDER, D. M. (Eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3. ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. v. 1, p. 312-529.

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Tomopeas ravus: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Tomopeas ravus es una especie de murciélago de la familia Molossidae. Es la única especie del género Tomopeas.

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Tomopeas ravus ( Basque )

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Tomopeas ravus Tomopeas generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Tomopeatinae azpifamilia eta Molossidae familian sailkatuta dago

Erreferentziak

  1. Miller (1900) 6 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 571. or..

Ikus, gainera

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Tomopeas ravus: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Tomopeas ravus Tomopeas generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Tomopeatinae azpifamilia eta Molossidae familian sailkatuta dago

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Tomopeas ravus ( French )

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Tomopeas ravus est une espèce de mammifères chiroptères (chauves-souris) de la famille des Molossidae, la seule du genre Tomopeas.

Répartition et habitat

Cette espèce est endémique du Pérou. Elle vit dans les semi-déserts[1].

Références

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Tomopeas ravus: Brief Summary ( French )

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Tomopeas ravus est une espèce de mammifères chiroptères (chauves-souris) de la famille des Molossidae, la seule du genre Tomopeas.

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Tomopeas ravus ( Italian )

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Il pipistrello dalle orecchie smussate (Tomopeas ravus Miller, 1900) è un pipistrello della famiglia dei Molossidi, unica specie del genere Tomopeas (Miller, 1900), endemico del Perù.[1][2]

Descrizione

Dimensioni

Pipistrello di piccole dimensioni, con la lunghezza totale tra 73 e 85 mm, la lunghezza dell'avambraccio tra 31,2 e 34,5 mm, la lunghezza della coda tra 34 e 45 mm e un peso fino a 3,5 g.[3]

Caratteristiche craniche e dentarie

Il cranio è appiattito e delicato. Una depressione longitudinale è presente in mezzo alle ossa nasali. Le arcate zigomatiche sono poco pronunciate. La bolla timpanica ha un'insolita forma discoidale.
Sono caratterizzati dalla seguente formula dentaria:

3 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 1 2 2 1 2 3 Totale: 28 1.Incisivi; 2.Canini; 3.Premolari; 4.Molari;

Aspetto

La pelliccia è lunga, soffice e densa, più corta nelle parti inferiori. Il colore del dorso è marrone chiaro, mentre le parti ventrali variano dal giallo-brunastro al giallo-crema. La base dei peli è ovunque grigia. Il muso è nerastro ed allungato, il labbro superiore è largo e si estende oltre quello inferiore, è ricoperto di pliche cutanee poco pronunciate e da una frangiatura di peli. Le narici sono corte e leggermente tubulari. Le orecchie sono moderatamente lunghe, separate tra loro, angolate in avanti, con una concavità sul bordo anteriore appena sotto la punta e sono nerastre. Il trago è piccolo e arrotondato, mentre l'antitrago è poco sviluppato. Le ali sono larghe, nerastre ed attaccate posteriormente sulle caviglie. L'estremità della lunga coda si estende con le ultime due vertebre oltre l'ampio uropatagio, il quale è ricoperto finemente di piccoli peli su entrambe le superfici. I piedi e le zampe sono esili, mentre il calcar è lungo.

Biologia

Comportamento

Vive solitariamente sotto grandi massi granitici o nelle cavità rocciose.

Alimentazione

Si nutre prevalentemente di coleotteri.

Riproduzione

Giovani femmine sono state catturate a luglio ed agosto. Le nascite probabilmente avvengono tra maggio e settembre nelle zone più secche.

Distribuzione e habitat

Questa specie è endemica della regione costiera arida e semiarida del Perù nord-occidentale.

Vive nelle foreste fino a 1.000 metri di altitudine.

Tassonomia

Inizialmente inserito nella famiglia dei Vespertilionidi, questo pipistrello mantiene caratteristiche morfologihe intermedie tra quest'ultima famiglia e quella dove è attualmente incluso. Recenti studi filo-genetici hanno avvalorato la posizione corrente.[4]

Stato di conservazione

La IUCN Red List, considerato l'areale limitato e il declino della popolazione a causa della perdita del proprio habitat, classifica T.ravus come specie vulnerabile (VU).[1]

La Società Zoologica di Londra, in base ad alcuni criteri evolutivi e demografici, la considera una delle 100 specie di mammiferi a maggior rischio di estinzione.

Note

  1. ^ a b c (EN) Velazco, P., Pacheco, V. Aguirre, L. & Mantilla, H. 2008, Tomopeas ravus, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ (EN) D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder, Tomopeas ravus, in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  3. ^ Novak, 1999.
  4. ^ Sudman & Al., 1994.

Bibliografia

  • Sudman, P. D., Barkley, L. J. and Hafner, M. S, Familial Affinity of Tomopeas ravus (Chiroptera) Based on Protein Electrophoretic and Cytochrome B Sequence Data, in Journal of Mammalogy 1994; 75(2): 365-37.
  • Ronald M. Novak, Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999. ISBN 9780801857898
  • Alfred L.Gardner, Mammals of South America, Volume 1: Marsupials, Xenarthrans, Shrews, and Bats, University Of Chicago Press, 2008. ISBN 9780226282404

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Tomopeas ravus: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Il pipistrello dalle orecchie smussate (Tomopeas ravus Miller, 1900) è un pipistrello della famiglia dei Molossidi, unica specie del genere Tomopeas (Miller, 1900), endemico del Perù.

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Tomopeas ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Tomopeas ravus is een bulvleermuis die voorkomt in de droge kustgebieden van Peru. Deze soort, de enige van het geslacht Tomopeas en de onderfamilie Tomopeatinae, is lange tijd een bron van onzekerheid onder zoölogen geweest: sommigen plaatsten het dier bij de gladneuzen, anderen bij de bulvleermuizen. Tegenwoordig wordt T. ravus echter vrij algemeen tot de bulvleermuizen gerekend, als de enige soort die niet tot de onderfamilie Molossinae behoort. De bron voor de verwarring is het feit dat T. ravus net als de gladneuzen een staart heeft die niet uit het staartmembraan (uropatagium) steekt, maar net als de bulvleermuizen twee samengegroeide wervels en een bijzondere structuur van het oor heeft.

T. ravus is een zeer kleine vleermuis. De bovenkant van het lichaam is lichtbruin, de onderkant wit tot geelbruin. Het gezicht, de oren en de vleugels zijn zwart. De tragus is kort en stomp. De kop-romplengte bedraagt 73 tot 85 mm, de staartlengte 34 tot 45 mm, de voorarmlengte 31,2 tot 34,5 mm en het gewicht 2 tot 3,5 g.

In Peru komt T. ravus tot op 1000 m hoogte voor. De soort is gevangen tussen bomen en er zijn slapende dieren gevonden tussen rotsen. Waarschijnlijk worden er in de droge tijd, van mei tot september, jongen geboren.

Literatuur

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Tomopeas: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Tomopeas ravus is een bulvleermuis die voorkomt in de droge kustgebieden van Peru. Deze soort, de enige van het geslacht Tomopeas en de onderfamilie Tomopeatinae, is lange tijd een bron van onzekerheid onder zoölogen geweest: sommigen plaatsten het dier bij de gladneuzen, anderen bij de bulvleermuizen. Tegenwoordig wordt T. ravus echter vrij algemeen tot de bulvleermuizen gerekend, als de enige soort die niet tot de onderfamilie Molossinae behoort. De bron voor de verwarring is het feit dat T. ravus net als de gladneuzen een staart heeft die niet uit het staartmembraan (uropatagium) steekt, maar net als de bulvleermuizen twee samengegroeide wervels en een bijzondere structuur van het oor heeft.

T. ravus is een zeer kleine vleermuis. De bovenkant van het lichaam is lichtbruin, de onderkant wit tot geelbruin. Het gezicht, de oren en de vleugels zijn zwart. De tragus is kort en stomp. De kop-romplengte bedraagt 73 tot 85 mm, de staartlengte 34 tot 45 mm, de voorarmlengte 31,2 tot 34,5 mm en het gewicht 2 tot 3,5 g.

In Peru komt T. ravus tot op 1000 m hoogte voor. De soort is gevangen tussen bomen en er zijn slapende dieren gevonden tussen rotsen. Waarschijnlijk worden er in de droge tijd, van mei tot september, jongen geboren.

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Tomopeas ravus ( Portuguese )

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Tomopeas ravus é uma espécie de morcego da família Molossidae. Endêmica da Peru. É a única espécie do gênero Tomopeas.

Referências

  • SIMMONS, N. B. Order Chiroptera. In: WILSON, D. E.; REEDER, D. M. (Eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3. ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. v. 1, p. 312-529.
  • VELAZCO, P.; PACHECO, V.; AGUIRRE, L.; MANTILLA, H. 2008. Tomopeas ravus. In: IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. . Acessado em 10 de fevereiro de 2009.
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Tomopeas ravus: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Tomopeas ravus é uma espécie de morcego da família Molossidae. Endêmica da Peru. É a única espécie do gênero Tomopeas.

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Tomopeas ravus ( Swedish )

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Tomopeas ravus[2][3] är en fladdermusart som beskrevs av Miller 1900. Tomopeas ravus är ensam i släktet Tomopeas som ingår i familjen veckläppade fladdermöss.[4][5] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som sårbar.[1] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[4]

Individerna har en absolut längd av 73 till 85 mm, inklusive en 34 till 45 mm lång svans. De väger 2 till 3,5 g och har 31 till 35 mm långa underarmar. Pälsen är på ovansidan ljusbrun och vid buken krämvit. Som kontrast har öronen, ansiktet och flygmembranen en svart färg. I motsats till alla andra veckläppade fladdermöss har Tomopeas ravus en svans som är helt omslutit av flygmembranen.[6] Den listas därför i en egen underfamilj, Tomopeatinae.[2]

Artens övre läpp är stor samt lite skrynklig och den döljer den undre läppen. Andra kännetecken är rörformiga näsborrar och en liten avrundad tragus. Tandformeln är I 1/2 C 1/1 P 1/2 M 3/3, alltså 28 tänder.[7]

Denna fladdermus förekommer i Peru vid Stilla havet. I Anderna når arten 1000 meter över havet. Fram till 2008 hittades Tomopeas ravus bara vid tio olika platser. Den vilar på överhängande klippor, i grottor och sällan i träd. Troligen föder honor sina ungar under den torra årstiden.[6][1]

Individerna vilar vanligen ensam. De jagar insekter och föredrar skalbaggar.[7]

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c] 2008 Tomopeas ravus Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-10-24.
  2. ^ [a b] Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., Tomopeas
  3. ^ Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) , Common Names of Mammals of the World
  4. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (28 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/tomopeas+ravus/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
  5. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
  6. ^ [a b] Ronald M. Nowak, red (1999). Tomopeas (på engelska). Walker’s Mammals of the World. The Johns Hopkins University Press. sid. 469-470. ISBN 0-8018-5789-9
  7. ^ [a b] Alfred L. Gardner, red (2008). Tomopeas (på engelska). Mammals of South America, Volume 1. University of Chicago Press. sid. 439-440. ISBN 0-226-28240-6

Externa länkar

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Tomopeas ravus: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Tomopeas ravus är en fladdermusart som beskrevs av Miller 1900. Tomopeas ravus är ensam i släktet Tomopeas som ingår i familjen veckläppade fladdermöss. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som sårbar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Individerna har en absolut längd av 73 till 85 mm, inklusive en 34 till 45 mm lång svans. De väger 2 till 3,5 g och har 31 till 35 mm långa underarmar. Pälsen är på ovansidan ljusbrun och vid buken krämvit. Som kontrast har öronen, ansiktet och flygmembranen en svart färg. I motsats till alla andra veckläppade fladdermöss har Tomopeas ravus en svans som är helt omslutit av flygmembranen. Den listas därför i en egen underfamilj, Tomopeatinae.

Artens övre läpp är stor samt lite skrynklig och den döljer den undre läppen. Andra kännetecken är rörformiga näsborrar och en liten avrundad tragus. Tandformeln är I 1/2 C 1/1 P 1/2 M 3/3, alltså 28 tänder.

Denna fladdermus förekommer i Peru vid Stilla havet. I Anderna når arten 1000 meter över havet. Fram till 2008 hittades Tomopeas ravus bara vid tio olika platser. Den vilar på överhängande klippor, i grottor och sällan i träd. Troligen föder honor sina ungar under den torra årstiden.

Individerna vilar vanligen ensam. De jagar insekter och föredrar skalbaggar.

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Tomopeas ravus ( Turkish )

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Binominal adı Tomopeas ravus
Miller, 1900

Tomopeas ravus Molossidae familyasından bir yarasa çeşididir. Peru'ya endemiktir. Genelde mağarada ve topluca yaşarlar diğer yarasalar gibi değillerdir genellikle sabahları dışarı çıkarlar alacakaranlıkta ise yuvalarına girerler.

Stub icon Memeliler ile ilgili bu madde bir taslaktır. Madde içeriğini geliştirerek Vikipedi'ye katkıda bulunabilirsiniz.
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Tomopeas ravus ( Ukrainian )

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Tomopeas ravus — вид кажанів родини молосових. Це монотипний вид з роду Tomopeas і підродини Tomopeatinae, ендемік Перу. Класифікація Tomopeas ravus історично була проблематичною, багато авторів поміщали цей вид в родині Vespertilionidae, в той час як інші воліли відносити його до Molossidae.

Середовище проживанння

Це кажан знаходиться над рівнем моря до 1000 м над рівнем моря в напівпустельних областях північно-західному прибережному Перу. Сідала знаходяться під гранітними валунами і в печерах.

Морфологія

Морфометрія. Загальна довжина: 73—85 мм, хвіст: 34—45 мм, передпліччя: 31.2—34.5 мм, вага: 2—3.5 гр.

Опис. Забарвлення світло-коричневого зверху і від тьмяно коричнюватого до білувато-кремово-коричнюватого знизу. Базальна половина хутра тьмяно-темно-сіра. Обличчя, вуха і мембрани чорні.

Джерела

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Tomopeas ravus: Brief Summary ( Ukrainian )

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Tomopeas ravus — вид кажанів родини молосових. Це монотипний вид з роду Tomopeas і підродини Tomopeatinae, ендемік Перу. Класифікація Tomopeas ravus історично була проблематичною, багато авторів поміщали цей вид в родині Vespertilionidae, в той час як інші воліли відносити його до Molossidae.

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Tomopeas ravus ( Vietnamese )

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Tomopeas ravus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi thò đuôi, bộ Dơi. Loài này được Miller mô tả năm 1900.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Tomopeas ravus”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo

Liên kết ngoài

 src= Phương tiện liên quan tới Tomopeas ravus tại Wikimedia Commons


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết dơi này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Tomopeas ravus: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Tomopeas ravus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi thò đuôi, bộ Dơi. Loài này được Miller mô tả năm 1900.

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錐蝠屬 ( Chinese )

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Ambox wikify.svg
本条目部分链接不符合格式手冊規範跨語言链接及章節標題等處的链接可能需要清理。(2015年12月12日)
請協助改善此條目。參見WP:LINKSTYLEWP:MOSIW以了解細節。突出显示跨语言链接可以便于检查。
二名法 Tomopeas ravus
Miller, 1900

錐蝠屬(錐蝠)哺乳綱翼手目蝙蝠科的一屬,而與錐蝠屬(錐蝠)同科的動物尚有裂豆蝠亞科)、長翼蝠屬(長翼蝠)等之數種哺乳動物

Bat (PSF).jpg 錐蝠屬是一個與蝙蝠相關的小作品。你可以通过編輯或修訂擴充其內容。
  1. ^ Velazco, P. Tomopeas ravus. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2016 [2018-08-08].
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錐蝠屬: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

錐蝠屬(錐蝠),哺乳綱翼手目蝙蝠科的一屬,而與錐蝠屬(錐蝠)同科的動物尚有裂豆蝠亞科)、長翼蝠屬(長翼蝠)等之數種哺乳動物

Bat (PSF).jpg 錐蝠屬是一個與蝙蝠相關的小作品。你可以通过編輯或修訂擴充其內容。 Velazco, P. Tomopeas ravus. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2016 [2018-08-08].  title= 取自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=錐蝠屬&oldid=50963478分类IUCN瀕危物種蝙蝠科隐藏分类:自2015年12月連結格式不正確的條目TaxoboxLatinName本地和维基数据均无相关图片蝙蝠小作品CS1含有外文文本
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뭉툭귀박쥐 ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

뭉툭귀박쥐(Tomopeas ravus)는 큰귀박쥐과에 속하는 박쥐의 일종이다. 뭉툭귀박쥐아과(Tomopeatinae)와 뭉툭귀박쥐속(Tomopeas)의 유일종이다. 뭉툭귀박쥐에 대한 분류는 역사적으로 애매한 상태였다. 많은 분류학자들이 애기박쥐과로 분류했지만 일부가 큰귀박쥐과로 분류했다. 그러나 이제는 보편적으로 큰귀박쥐과에 속하는 뭉툭귀박쥐아과로 분류하고 있다.

계통 분류

다음은 2002년 박쥐목의 계통 분류이다.[2]

박쥐목

큰박쥐과

       

대꼬리박쥐과

       

키티돼지코박쥐과

   

생쥐꼬리박쥐과

       

위흡혈박쥐과

     

틈새얼굴박쥐과

     

관박쥐과

   

잎코박쥐과

               

흡반발박쥐과

     

원반날개박쥐과

     

민발톱박쥐과

   

깔때기귀박쥐과

         

짧은꼬리박쥐과

     

불독박쥐과

     

유령얼굴박쥐과

   

주걱박쥐과

          큰귀박쥐과

뭉툭귀박쥐아과

   

큰귀박쥐아과

    넓은 의미의 애기박쥐과  

긴가락박쥐과

   

좁은 의미의 애기박쥐과

           

각주

  1. Velazco, P., Pacheco, V. Aguirre, L. & Mantilla, H. (2008). Tomopeas ravus. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2010.3판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2010년 9월 5일에 확인함.
  2. K. E. Jones; A. Purvis; A. MacLarnon; O. R. Bininda-Emonds; N. B. Simmons (2002). “A phylogenetic supertree of the bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera)” (PDF). 《Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc》 77 (2): 223–259. doi:10.1017/S1464793101005899.
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