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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 10.5 years
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Joao Pedro de Magalhaes
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de Magalhaes, J. P.
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Behavior

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Communication Channels: visual ; acoustic

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

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Street, R. 1999. "Piranga olivacea" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Piranga_olivacea.html
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Robin Street, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Conservation Status

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Scarlet tanagers are abundant and widespread, requiring no special conservation status.

US Migratory Bird Act: protected

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

State of Michigan List: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Street, R. 1999. "Piranga olivacea" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Piranga_olivacea.html
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Robin Street, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Benefits

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There are no known negative effects of scarlet tanagers on humans.

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Street, R. 1999. "Piranga olivacea" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Piranga_olivacea.html
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Robin Street, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Benefits

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Scarlet tanagers eat insects that some humans may consider to be pests.

Positive Impacts: controls pest population

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Street, R. 1999. "Piranga olivacea" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Piranga_olivacea.html
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Robin Street, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Trophic Strategy

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Scarlet tanagers eat insects while foraging in treetops, in shrubs or on the ground. Preferred foods include aphids, nut weevils, wood borers, leaf beatles, cicadas, scale insects, dragonflies, ants, termites, caterpillars of gypsy moths, parasitic wasps, bees, mulberries, June-berries, huckleberries and other wild fruits.

Animal Foods: insects; terrestrial non-insect arthropods

Plant Foods: fruit

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Street, R. 1999. "Piranga olivacea" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Piranga_olivacea.html
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Robin Street, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Distribution

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Scarlet tanagers breed in eastern North America and winter in northern and western South America, from Panama in the north as far south as Bolivia. The breeding range is from southern Canada as far west as Manitoba and east to the Maritime provinces and south through the western Carolinas, northern Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, and much of Arkansas. The breeding range corresponds with the extent of the eastern deciduous forest biome.

Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native ); neotropical (Native )

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Street, R. 1999. "Piranga olivacea" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Piranga_olivacea.html
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Robin Street, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Habitat

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Scarlet tanagers are found mainly in mature deciduous forests or mixed deciduous forests with hemlock (Tsuga) and pine (Pinus). They can also be found in younger deciduous forests and sometimes in heavily wooded suburban areas. In the Smoky Mountains they are found from 425 to 1525 meters of elevation, in other mountainous parts of their range they are found at all elevations in suitable habitat. Habitat use in their winter range in South America is poorly known, but they are generally found in mid-elevation evergreen forests, from 100 and 1,300 meters on the eastern slope of the Andes.

Range elevation: 1525 (high) m.

Habitat Regions: temperate ; tropical ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; rainforest

Other Habitat Features: suburban

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Street, R. 1999. "Piranga olivacea" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Piranga_olivacea.html
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Robin Street, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Life Expectancy

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Average lifespan
Status: wild:
121 months.

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Street, R. 1999. "Piranga olivacea" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Piranga_olivacea.html
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Robin Street, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Associations

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Adult scarlet tanagers are eaten by birds of prey, including eastern screech owls, long-eared owls, short-eared owls and merlins. Eggs and nestling predators include blue jays, grackles, American crows, squirrels, chipmunks, and snakes.

Scarlet tanagers mob most predators, diving and swooping around them while calling at them. However, scarlet tanagers respond to American crows and merlins by becoming quiet and watchful, apparently in an attempt to be inconspicuous.

Known Predators:

  • eastern screech owls (Otus asio)
  • long-eared owls (Asio otus)
  • short-eared owls (Asio flammeus)
  • merlins (Falco columbarius)
  • blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata)
  • grackles (Quiscalus)
  • American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos)
  • tree squirrels (Sciurus)
  • chipmunks (Tamias)
  • snakes (Serpentes)
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Street, R. 1999. "Piranga olivacea" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Piranga_olivacea.html
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Robin Street, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Morphology

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Scarlet tanagers are 16 to 17 cm long with a wingspan of 25 to 29 cm. They weigh from 23.5 to 33 grams during the breeding season and from 32 to 38 grams during migration. Mature males in breeding season are bright red with black wings and tails, in the winter they resemble females except for their black wings and tail. Females and immature birds are dull, olive green above and straw-yellow below with dark wings and tail.

Females, immature individuals, and males in winter plumage are sometimes confused with female and immature summer tanagers (Piranga rubra) or western tanagers (Piranga ludoviciana), with which they sometimes co-occur. Some details of plumage color help to distinguish these species, as do their distinctive calls. Scarlet tanagers use a hoarse "chip-churr" call, while western tanagers use a soft "pri-tic" call and summer tanagers use a staccato "pit-i-tuck" call.

Range mass: 23.5 to 38 g.

Range length: 16 to 17 cm.

Range wingspan: 25 to 29 cm.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry

Sexual Dimorphism: male more colorful

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Street, R. 1999. "Piranga olivacea" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Piranga_olivacea.html
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Robin Street, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Reproduction

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Scarlet tanagers form monogamous pairs for breeding each season. No studies of banded birds have confirmed that pair bonds last beyond the breeding season. Males use a silent courtship display in which they fly to exposed branches below a female and extend their wings and neck to expose their scarlet back. Females are apparently attracted to the male's scarlet color as well as their posture and movements.

Mating System: monogamous

Breeding occurs from May to August. Females build shallow, saucer-shaped nests in a week or less from twigs, rootlets, coarse grass, and weed stems, and line them with fine grasses and pine needles. They are placed anywhere from 4-75 feet above ground. Four to 5, usually 4, pale blue-green eggs with brown speckles are incubated for 13-14 days. Though they are brooded by females only, both parents bring food to the nest. The nest is kept clean and the droppings are swallowed or carried away in the bill. The young are able to leave the nest about 9-15 days after hatching.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; oviparous

Average time to hatching: 13 days.

Average eggs per season: 4.

Parental Investment: altricial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Male, Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Male, Female, Protecting: Male, Female)

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Street, R. 1999. "Piranga olivacea" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Piranga_olivacea.html
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Robin Street, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Piranga olivacea

provided by DC Birds Brief Summaries

A medium-sized (7 inches) songbird, the male Scarlet Tanager is most easily identified by its bright red body, black wings, and black tail. Female Scarlet Tanagers are green above and dull yellow below with dark wings. Males of this species may be separated from male Summer Tanagers (Piranga rubra) by that species’ red wings and tail and from male Northern Cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis) by that species’ black face and conspicuous crest, while females may be separated from female Summer Tanagers by that species’ paler back and darker breast. The Scarlet Tanager breeds across much of the northeastern United States and southern Canada south to Alabama and west to Nebraska. In winter, this species migrates to Panama and northern South America. Migrating Scarlet Tanagers may be seen in areas of the southeastern U.S. where this species does not breed. Scarlet Tanagers breed in a number of mature forest types, preferring larger areas of unbroken forest to smaller, more fragmented habitats. In winter, this species is found in a variety of dense humid tropical forests. Scarlet Tanagers primarily eat insects and spiders during the breeding season, but may eat fruits, berries, and earthworms at other times of the year or when insects are scarce. In appropriate habitat, Scarlet Tanagers may be seen foraging for insects on leaves and branches in the tree canopy, in undergrowth, or, more rarely, directly on the ground. Birdwatchers may also listen for this species’ song, a series of whistled notes recalling that of the American Robin. Scarlet Tanagers are most active during the day, but, like many migratory songbirds, this species migrates at night.

Threat Status: Least Concern

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Smithsonian Institution
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Reid Rumelt

Piranga olivacea

provided by EOL authors

A medium-sized (7 inches) songbird, the male Scarlet Tanager is most easily identified by its bright red body, black wings, and black tail. Female Scarlet Tanagers are green above and dull yellow below with dark wings. Males of this species may be separated from male Summer Tanagers (Piranga rubra) by that species’ red wings and tail and from male Northern Cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis) by that species’ black face and conspicuous crest, while females may be separated from female Summer Tanagers by that species’ paler back and darker breast. The Scarlet Tanager breeds across much of the northeastern United States and southern Canada south to Alabama and west to Nebraska. In winter, this species migrates to Panama and northern South America. Migrating Scarlet Tanagers may be seen in areas of the southeastern U.S. where this species does not breed. Scarlet Tanagers breed in a number of mature forest types, preferring larger areas of unbroken forest to smaller, more fragmented habitats. In winter, this species is found in a variety of dense humid tropical forests. Scarlet Tanagers primarily eat insects and spiders during the breeding season, but may eat fruits, berries, and earthworms at other times of the year or when insects are scarce. In appropriate habitat, Scarlet Tanagers may be seen foraging for insects on leaves and branches in the tree canopy, in undergrowth, or, more rarely, directly on the ground. Birdwatchers may also listen for this species’ song, a series of whistled notes recalling that of the American Robin. Scarlet Tanagers are most active during the day, but, like many migratory songbirds, this species migrates at night.

References

  • Mowbray, Thomas B. 1999. Scarlet Tanager (Piranga olivacea), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/479
  • Piranga olivacea. Xeno-canto. Xeno-canto Foundation, n.d. Web. 20 July 2012.
  • Scarlet Tanager (Piranga olivacea). The Internet Bird Collection. Lynx Edicions, n.d. Web. 20 July 2012.
  • eBird Range Map - Scarlet Tanager. eBird. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, N.d. Web. 20 July 2012.

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Rumelt, Reid B. Piranga olivacea. June-July 2012. Brief natural history summary of Piranga olivacea. Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C.
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Robert Costello (kearins)
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Diagnostic Description ( Spanish; Castilian )

provided by INBio
Localidad del tipo: in Cayenna et Noveboraco = New York.
Depositario del tipo:
Recolector del tipo:
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Luis Humberto Elizondo C.
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The Nature Conservancy
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Diagnostic Description ( Spanish; Castilian )

provided by INBio
Mide 16 cm. y pesa 28 grs. Las hembras y los inmaduros por lo general son más verdes que los de Piranga rubra, y presentan un forro alar blancuzco (no amarillo). Las Piranga ludoviciana muestran barras alares bien definidas. Durante la época de invierno el macho adulto es verde oliva por encima y verdoso brillante por debajo, y exhibe un tinte oliva en el pecho, flancos y costados. Las alas y la cola son negras. Durante la época de cría el plumaje de la cabeza y el cuerpo son escarlata. Las alas y la cola son negras. Las hembras son semejantes al macho, pero con las alas y la cola de color oliva fusco con bordes verdes, y generalmente más opaco y verde en la garganta. Durante la época de cría es similar, pero con frecuencia presenta un tinte anaranjado en la cabeza, la garganta y el pecho. El pico es color cuerno amarillento, la base por lo general es grisácea, y las patas son gris azulado. Los machos inmaduros son similares a la hembra adulta, con las alas más fuscas y generalmente con algunas o todas las coberteras alares negras. Las hembras inmaduras son como las adultas, pero en general de color más opaco y café, particularmente en las alas. Presentan las timoneras más anchas y puntiagudas.

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Trophic Strategy ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Cazan insectos y arañas del follaje; en ocasiones vuelan para capturarlos en las hojas o ramas. Se alimentan de frutos de muchos tipos.

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Distribution ( Spanish; Castilian )

provided by INBio
Distribucion en Costa Rica: Es una especie migratoria de otoño (de fines de setiembre a comienzos de noviembre) poco común, especialmente en las bajuras del Caribe y en las montañas centrales. Es una migratoria de primavera (de fines de marzo a comienzos de mayo) común en forma esporádica desde las bajuras de ambas laderas hasta cerca de los 1500 m. No existen comunicaciones acerca de su presencia en el invierno.


Distribucion General: Se reproduce desde el sur de Canadá hasta el sureste de E.U.A. Invierna desde Panamá (en raras ocasiones) y Colombia hasta el este de Perú y el noroeste de Bolivia.

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Behavior ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Forman grupos dispersos pequeños; son solitarios en otoño y en la primavera forman grupos más grandes.

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Cyclicity ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Es una especie migratoria neártica (ver Distribución en Costa Rica).

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Habitat ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Frecuenta el dosel y el borde de bosques, áreas de crecimiento secundario avanzado y parcialmente despejadas, y en ocasiones descienden más en zonas con matorrales.

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Comprehensive Description

provided by Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology
Piranga olivacea (Gmelin)

The true status of this species as a cowbird host is not well understood. Only about 50 cases were known as of the 1963 review (Friedmann, p. 136). This is not a large number for such a common and widespread species. However, the relative paucity of records may be due largely to the fact that this species has a nest that is difficult to find and to reach, since it is usually 7 or more meters above the ground. Several studies listed in 1963, and based on a series of nests, reported high rates of parasitism. The situation is further clarified by Prescott's (1965) monograph. Eleven of 14 (78.6 percent) nests of known contents found in southern Michigan from 1947 to 1949 contained cowbird eggs. An additional nest contained only an advanced cowbird nestling when found. Six nests (among the 11 parasitized ones) whose contents were known and that were successful fledged 7 cowbirds and 8 tanagers. The detrimental effects of cowbird parasitism were great and seemed to be due largely to egg removal by adult cowbirds and/or to decreased egg production by female tanagers. Prescott occasionally observed female cowbirds visiting tanager nests. Some visits even occurred while nestling cowbirds were in the nest, but no adult cowbirds were seen to feed nestlings. On one occasion Prescott watched a female cowbird lay in a tanager nest. This observation was unusual because the cowbird removed a host egg 6 seconds before laying her own egg, whereas workers who investigated other species of hosts reported that host eggs are not removed at the time the cowbird deposits her own egg. A very high incidence of parasitism is also shown by nests studied near Pellston, Michigan. A survey of unpublished reports filed (as of 1969) at the University of Michigan Biological Station shows that all 5 scarlet tanager nests studied there between 1940 and 1966 were parasitized. One nest, studied by J. K. Boon in 1966, had 2 tanager and 4 cowbird eggs.

Since a number of investigators working in diverse areas (data listed herein from Norris, 1947, and in the Friedmann, 1963, review) have reported very high rates of parasitism, it is possible that the scarlet tanager is one of the most heavily parasitized host choices in certain areas. Bull (1974: 537) mentions 12 instances of parasitism in New York State; 9 of these are additional to our earlier compilation. In the files of the Ontario nest records, at Toronto, are 2 more cases out of 36 nests reported from that province, a much lesser frequency of parasitism.

SUMMER TANAGER
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Friedmann, Herbert, Kiff, Lloyd F., and Rothstein, Stephen I. 1977. "A further contribution of knowledge of the host relations of the parasitic cowbirds." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 1-75. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.235

Piranga olivacea ( Asturian )

provided by wikipedia AST
Map marker icon – Nicolas Mollet – Birds – Nature – white.png Les especies d'aves con nome común en llingua asturiana márquense como NOA. En casu contrariu, conséñase'l nome científicu o de la SEO.

'''Piranga olivacea ye una especie d'ave paseriforme de la familia Cardinalidae (anque delles fontes asitien el so xéneru, Piranga en Thraupidae).

Los adultos miden ente 17 y 19 cm. Tienen el picu gris maciu y les pates escures. En dómina reproductiva, el machu ye color coloráu brillante, coles nales y la cola negres. La femes de plumaxe opacu oliváceo, coles nales parduces escures y la rexón ventral del cuerpu amarellentada. El machu tien plumaxe ivernizu, con un patrón de coloración similar al de la fema, pero con nales y cola más escures. Los machos inmaduros tamién son similares a les femes, pero a midida que crecen adquieren un patrón inermedio ente les femes y los machos adultos pel branu.

La so área de reproducción consiste en montes amplios y mestos, principalmente d'encinos, nel sureste de Canadá y este de los Estaos Xuníos. Na seronda migren escontra'l noroeste de Suramérica, principalmente al traviés de les Antilles, pero tamién por América Central. Pel branu lleguen a la so área d'envernía, zones de vexetación tropical, principalmente en Colombia, Perú, Venezuela y oeste de Brasil. Ye visitante raru en Méxicu, Guatemala y Belice.

Aliméntense a lo cimero de los árboles; delles vegaes atrapen inseutos nel vuelu. La so dieta consiste principalmente d'inseutos y frutos.

Constrúin un nial en forma de concu sobre les cañes horizontales de los árboles. Los sos niales pueden ser parasitados pol tordu cabecicafé (Molothrus ater).

Referencies

  1. BirdLife International (2009). «Piranga olivacea» (inglés). Llista Roxa d'especies amenazaes de la UICN 2019. Consultáu'l 10 d'ochobre de 2010.
  • Peterson, Roger Tory, y Edward L. Chalif. 2008. Aves de Méxicu. Guía de campu. Editorial Diana, Méxicu.
  • Rosaito montañeru Piranga olivacea (gmelin) 1789 - CIRES

cires.org.ve/pdf/recol-v8n1a04.pdf

H.F. AGUILAR - ROSAITO MONTAÑERU PIRANGA OLIVACEA (GMELIN) 1789. (FRINGILLIDAE: EMBERIZINAE: HRAUPINI) NUEVU REXISTRU PA VENEZUELA. Rev.Ecol. Lat. Am. 81:41-43. www.cires.org.ve

Enllaces esternos

Protonotaria-citrea-002 edit.jpg Esta páxina forma parte del wikiproyeutu Aves, un esfuerciu collaborativu col fin d'ameyorar y organizar tolos conteníos rellacionaos con esti tema. Visita la páxina d'alderique del proyeutu pa collaborar y facer entrugues o suxerencies.
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Piranga olivacea: Brief Summary ( Asturian )

provided by wikipedia AST
Piranga olivacea Map marker icon – Nicolas Mollet – Birds – Nature – white.png Les especies d'aves con nome común en llingua asturiana márquense como NOA. En casu contrariu, conséñase'l nome científicu o de la SEO.

'''Piranga olivacea ye una especie d'ave paseriforme de la familia Cardinalidae (anque delles fontes asitien el so xéneru, Piranga en Thraupidae).

Los adultos miden ente 17 y 19 cm. Tienen el picu gris maciu y les pates escures. En dómina reproductiva, el machu ye color coloráu brillante, coles nales y la cola negres. La femes de plumaxe opacu oliváceo, coles nales parduces escures y la rexón ventral del cuerpu amarellentada. El machu tien plumaxe ivernizu, con un patrón de coloración similar al de la fema, pero con nales y cola más escures. Los machos inmaduros tamién son similares a les femes, pero a midida que crecen adquieren un patrón inermedio ente les femes y los machos adultos pel branu.

La so área de reproducción consiste en montes amplios y mestos, principalmente d'encinos, nel sureste de Canadá y este de los Estaos Xuníos. Na seronda migren escontra'l noroeste de Suramérica, principalmente al traviés de les Antilles, pero tamién por América Central. Pel branu lleguen a la so área d'envernía, zones de vexetación tropical, principalmente en Colombia, Perú, Venezuela y oeste de Brasil. Ye visitante raru en Méxicu, Guatemala y Belice.

Aliméntense a lo cimero de los árboles; delles vegaes atrapen inseutos nel vuelu. La so dieta consiste principalmente d'inseutos y frutos.

Constrúin un nial en forma de concu sobre les cañes horizontales de los árboles. Los sos niales pueden ser parasitados pol tordu cabecicafé (Molothrus ater).

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Piranga alanegra ( Catalan; Valencian )

provided by wikipedia CA

La piranga alanegra[1] (Piranga olivacea) és un ocell de la família dels tràupids (Thraupidae) que habita boscos d'Amèrica del Nord criant des de l'est de Dakota del Nord, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec i Nova Brunsvic, cap al sud, per la meitat oriental dels Estats Units fins a Alabama, nord de Geòrgia, Carolina del Sud i Virgínia.

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Piranga alanegra Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata


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Piranga alanegra: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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La piranga alanegra (Piranga olivacea) és un ocell de la família dels tràupids (Thraupidae) que habita boscos d'Amèrica del Nord criant des de l'est de Dakota del Nord, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec i Nova Brunsvic, cap al sud, per la meitat oriental dels Estats Units fins a Alabama, nord de Geòrgia, Carolina del Sud i Virgínia.

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Tanagr coch ( Welsh )

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Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Tanagr coch (sy'n enw gwrywaidd; enw lluosog: tanagrod cochion) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Piranga olivacea; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Scarlet tanager. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Breision (Lladin: Emberizidae) sydd yn urdd y Passeriformes.[1] Dyma aderyn sydd i'w gael yng ngwledydd Prydain, ond nid yng Nghymru.

Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn P. olivacea, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.[2] Mae'r rhywogaeth hon i'w chanfod yn Ne America a Gogledd America.

Teulu

Mae'r tanagr coch yn perthyn i deulu'r Breision (Lladin: Emberizidae). Dyma rai o aelodau eraill y teulu:

Rhestr Wicidata:

rhywogaeth enw tacson delwedd Bras corun-goch Aimophila ruficeps Bras gwinau America Aimophila rufescens
Aimophila rufescens.jpg
Bras gyddf-ddu Amphispiza bilineata
Amphispiza bilineataPCCA20050311-5951B.jpg
Bras Oaxaca Aimophila notosticta
Aimophila notosticta.jpg
Bras penrhesog y De Arremonops conirostris
Arremonops conirostris -near Rancho Naturalista, Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica-8.jpg
Bras pum rhesen Amphispiza quinquestriata
Amphispiza quinquestriata.jpg
Bras saets Artemisiospiza belli
Amphispiza belli nevadensis2.jpg
Pila diwca adeinwyn Diuca speculifera
White-winged Diuca-Finch - Chile (23392277235).jpg
Pila gyddfddu Melanodera melanodera
Melanodera melanodera (1).jpg
Pila melyn Patagonia Sicalis lebruni
Sicalis lebruni.jpg
Pila melyn penloyw Sicalis flaveola
Sicales flaveola macho.jpg
Pila melyn Raimondi Sicalis raimondii
GnathospizaHaemophilaSmit.jpg
Pila melyn talcenoren Sicalis columbiana
Orange-fronted Yellow-finch.jpg
Pila porfa bychan Emberizoides ypiranganus
Emberizoides ypiranganus -Argentina-6.jpg
Pila teloraidd y Galapagos Certhidea olivacea
Certhidea olivacea - Green Wabler Finch.jpg
Diwedd y rhestr a gynhyrchwyd yn otomatig o Wicidata.

Gweler hefyd

Cyfeiriadau

  1. Gwefan Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd; adalwyd 30 Medi 2016.
  2. Gwefan Avibase; adalwyd 3 Hydref 2016.
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Tanagr coch: Brief Summary ( Welsh )

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Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Tanagr coch (sy'n enw gwrywaidd; enw lluosog: tanagrod cochion) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Piranga olivacea; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Scarlet tanager. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Breision (Lladin: Emberizidae) sydd yn urdd y Passeriformes. Dyma aderyn sydd i'w gael yng ngwledydd Prydain, ond nid yng Nghymru.

Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn P. olivacea, sef enw'r rhywogaeth. Mae'r rhywogaeth hon i'w chanfod yn Ne America a Gogledd America.

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Tangara šarlatová ( Czech )

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Tangara šarlatová (Piranga olivacea) je středně velký kardinálovitý pták z rodu Piranga. V minulosti byla tangara šarlatová řazena do čeledi tangarovitých (Thraupidae). Studie molekulárních dat ovšem plně podrporují zařazení tangary šarlatové (společně se zbytkem rodu Piranga) do čeledi kardinálovitých (Cardinalidae)[2]. Vyskytuje se východní části Spojených států a jihovýchodě Kanady, avšak přezimovává v Jižní Americe. Dle IUCN se jedná o málo dotčený druh.

Popis

 src=
Tangara šarlatová nepohrdne ani pomerančem

Tangara šarlatová je středně velký zpěvný pták, i přesto je ale nejmenší z rodu Piranga. Váží 23,5 až 38 g, v závislosti na potravě a jejím množství, a na délku má od 16 do 19 cm. Rozpětí křídel je 25 až 30 cm. Pohlavní dimorfismus je velmi výrazný: dospělí samci mají jasně červené peří po větší části těla, jen peří na křídlech je tmavě hnědé až černé. Naopak samice jsou nažloutlé na dolních partiích a horní partie mají olivové až hnědé. Jejich křídla jsou tmavě hnědá až černá. Přes zimu se ale samci velmi podobají samičkám, jejich peří na většině těla totiž zesvětlá a naopak na křídlech a ocase ztmavne. Ptáčata se vždy podobají samicím, jejich pohlaví lze rozpoznat až po prvním přepeřování.

Poněkud matoucí se může zdát latinský název olivacea čili olivový/á. Tato chyba vznikla již při prvním popsání tangary šarlatové v roce 1789, kdy byla popisována mladá samice: ty mohou být zeleně olivové nebo dokonce světlejší. Přestože byla tato chyba později zaznamenána, nikdo již zažitý název neupravoval a proto zůstává dodnes nezměněný.

Ekologie

Tangara šarlatová se živí zralými plody, občas i citrusy nebo jiným exotickým ovocem, které najde u lidských obydlí. Jinak si ale vystačí s ostružinami, malinami, borůvkami nebo brusinkami. Nevynechají ani příležitost za letu chytit malý hmyz, specializují se na mravence, sršně, vosy, motýly nebo cikády. Těmto ptákům vyhovují rozlehlé listnaté lesy, zejména dubové, na východě Severní Ameriky. Ty musí mít minimálně 10 hektarů, aby v nich tangary našly dostatek potravy. Najdeme je ale i v parcích nebo na předměstích. Přezimovávají v horských lesích v podhůří And. Tato migrace probíhá v dubnu a kolem říjnu, to znamená, že v Severní Americe tangary stráví asi jen pět měsíců. Na cestě jsou ale minimálně další jeden měsíc. Extrémně vzácně se vyskytují i v západní Evropě.

Rozmnožování

Období hnízdění probíhá od poloviny května do začátku června. Zatímco samci jsou již několik dní předem na zimovišti, samice se občas zpozdí i o týden. Po námluvách pár pak společně postaví hnízdo, což zabere méně než dva týdny. Snůška, kterou samice snese do hnízda, čítá obvykle čtyři vejce, výjimečně až šest. Ne všechna ale musí být oplodněná, naopak, není výjimečným případem, že z pěti vajec je oplodněné pouze jedno. Tato vejce mají světle modrou barvu s nazelenalým odstínem a jejich inkubaci provádí samice asi dva týdny. Průměrná hmotnost právě vylíhnutého ptáčete tangary šarlatové jsou téměř 4 g. Za deset dní pak mláďata svoji váhu navýší na 20 až 22 g, tedy 70 % váhy dospělého jedince. Ptáčata poprvé opouštějí hnízdo velmi brzy, ve věku 9 až 12 dní. Létat umí již za pár týdnů.

Odkazy

Reference

V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Scarlet Tanager na anglické Wikipedii.

  1. Červený seznam IUCN 2018.1. 5. července 2018. Dostupné online. [cit. 2018-08-10]
  2. KLICKA, John; BURNS, Kevin; SPELLMAN, Garth M. Defining a monophyletic Cardinalini: A molecular perspective. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2007-12-01, roč. 45, čís. 3, s. 1014–1032. Dostupné online [cit. 2016-03-13]. DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.07.006.

Externí odkazy

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Tangara šarlatová: Brief Summary ( Czech )

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Tangara šarlatová (Piranga olivacea) je středně velký kardinálovitý pták z rodu Piranga. V minulosti byla tangara šarlatová řazena do čeledi tangarovitých (Thraupidae). Studie molekulárních dat ovšem plně podrporují zařazení tangary šarlatové (společně se zbytkem rodu Piranga) do čeledi kardinálovitých (Cardinalidae). Vyskytuje se východní části Spojených států a jihovýchodě Kanady, avšak přezimovává v Jižní Americe. Dle IUCN se jedná o málo dotčený druh.

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Scharlachtangare ( German )

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Die Scharlachtangare (Piranga olivacea) ist eine Singvogelart und gehört zur Familie der Kardinäle (Cardinalidae).

Verbreitung

Das Brutgebiet befindet sich in den östlichen USA und dem äußersten Südosten von Kanada. Die Überwinterungsgebiete befinden sich in Südamerika. Sie lebt in Waldgebieten, bewaldeten Gebieten, Parks oder Gärten.

Beschreibung

Das Männchen hat ein unverwechselbares Brutkleid. Das Gefieder am Kopf und am Körper ist glänzend rot. Die Flügel und der Schwanz haben eine schwarze Farbe. Im Winter ähnelt das Männchen mit einem olivgrünen Gefieder dem Weibchen, behält jedoch die schwarzen Flügel und den schwarzen Schwanz bei.

In der Fortpflanzungszeit kommt das Weibchen einige Tage nach dem Männchen im Brutgebiet an, wo das Männchen ein Territorium in den Bäumen bezogen hat und auf das Weibchen wartet. Wenn das Weibchen das Territorium erreicht, wirbt das Männchen singend um das Weibchen. In einem hohen Baum baut das Weibchen ein Nest und legt drei bis fünf Eier, die in einem Zeitraum von etwa 13 Tagen ausgebrütet werden.

Lebensweise

Trotz der Farbenpracht ist die Scharlachtangare nur schwer in den Bäumen zu entdecken, wo sie nach Beeren, Früchten, Insekten, Spinnen und Schnecken sucht. Der kegelförmige Schnabel ist an der Spitze nach unten gebogen.

Weblinks

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Scharlachtangare: Brief Summary ( German )

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Die Scharlachtangare (Piranga olivacea) ist eine Singvogelart und gehört zur Familie der Kardinäle (Cardinalidae).

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Scarlet tanager

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Adult female Scarlet Tanager, showcasing the yellow-olive plumage typical of the sex. Photographed in Ottawa, Ontario.

The scarlet tanager (Piranga olivacea) is a medium-sized American songbird. Until recently, it was placed in the tanager family (Thraupidae), but it and other members of its genus are now classified as belonging to the cardinal family (Cardinalidae).[2] The species' plumage and vocalizations are similar to other members of the cardinal family, although the Piranga species lacks the thick conical bill (well suited to seed and insect eating) that many cardinals possess. The species resides in thick deciduous woodlands and suburbs.

Etymology

The genus name Piranga is from Tupi Tijepiranga, the name for an unknown small bird, and the specific olivacea is from Neo-Latin olivaceus, "olive-green".[3]

Description

Male moulting to his duller feathers during autumn

The scarlet tanager, a mid-sized passerine, is marginally the smallest of the four species of Piranga that breed north of the Mexican border. It can weigh from 23.5 to 38 g (0.83 to 1.34 oz), with an average of 25 g (0.88 oz) during breeding and an average of 35 g (1.2 oz) at the beginning of migration. Scarlet tanagers can range in length from 16 to 19 cm (6.3 to 7.5 in) and from 25 to 30 cm (9.8 to 11.8 in) in wingspan.[4] Adults of both sexes have pale, horn-colored, fairly stout, and smooth-textured bills. Adult males are crimson-red with black wings and tail. The male's coloration is intense and deeply red, similar but deeper in shade than the males of two occasionally co-existing relatives, the northern cardinal and the summer tanager, both which lack black wings. Females are yellowish on the underparts and olive on top, with yellow-olive-toned wings and tail. The adult male's winter plumage is similar to the female's, but the wings and tail remain darker. Young males briefly show a more complex, variegated plumage intermediate between adult males and females.

Female eating a flowering dogwood fruit in New York

The somewhat confusing specific epithet olivacea ("the olive-colored one") was based on a female or immature specimen rather than erythromelas ("the red-and-black one"), which authors attempted to ascribe to the species throughout the 19th century (older scientific names always takes precedence, however).

Female, immature, and nonbreeding males may be distinguished from the same ages and sexes in summer tanagers, which are more brownish overall, and western tanagers, which always have bold white bars and more yellowish undersides than scarlet tanagers. The song of the scarlet tanager sounds somewhat like a hoarser version of the American robin's and is only slightly dissimilar from the songs of the summer and western tanagers. The call of the scarlet tanager is an immediately distinctive chip-burr or chip-churr, which is very different from the pit-i-tuck of the summer tanager and the softer, rolled pri-tic or prit-i-tic of western tanager.[5]

Behavior

Scarlet tanagers eat ripe fruit when available, occasionally including ones, such as this orange half, that are set out by humans

Their breeding habitat is large stretches of deciduous forest, especially with oaks, across eastern North America. They can occur, with varying degrees of success, in young successional woodlands and occasionally in extensive plantings of shade trees in suburban areas, parks, and cemeteries. For a viable breeding population, at least 10 to 12 hectares of forest are required.[6][7] In winter, scarlet tanagers occur in the montane forest of the Andean foothills. Scarlet tanagers migrate to northwestern South America, passing through Central America around April, and again around October.[8] They begin arriving in the breeding grounds in numbers by about May and already start to move south again in midsummer; by early October, they are all on their way south.[9][10] The bird is an extremely rare vagrant to Western Europe.

Call of the scarlet tanager

Scarlet tanagers are often out of sight, foraging high in trees, sometimes flying out to catch insects in flight and then returning to the same general perch, in a hunting style known as "sallying". Sometimes, however, they also capture their prey on the forest floor. They eat mainly insects, but opportunistically consume fruit when plentiful. Any flying variety of insect can readily be taken when common, such as bees, wasps, hornets, ants, and sawflies; moths and butterflies; beetles; flies; cicadas, leafhoppers, spittlebugs, treehoppers, plant lice, and scale insects; termites; grasshoppers and locusts; dragonflies; and dobsonflies. Scarlet tanagers also take snails, earthworms, and spiders. While summer tanagers are famous for this feeding method, when capturing bees, wasps, and hornets, scarlet tanagers also rake the prey against a branch to remove their stingers before consumption.[11] Plant components of their diet include a wide variety of fruits that are eaten mainly when insect population are low: blackberries (Rubus allegheniensis), raspberries (R. ideaus), huckleberries (Gaylussacia sp.), juneberries and serviceberries (Amelanchier spp.), mulberries (Morus rubra), strawberries (Fragaria virginiana), and chokeberries (Aronia melanocarpa).[12][13]

Breeding

Male scarlet tanagers reach their breeding ground from mid-May to early June. Females generally arrive several days to a week later. Nest building and egg laying both occur usually in less than two weeks after the adults arrive. The clutch is usually four eggs, occasionally from three to five and exceptionally from one to six eggs may be laid. The eggs are a light blue color, often with a slight greenish or whitish tinge. Incubation lasts for 11 to 14 days. Hatching and fledging are both reached at different points in summer depending on how far north the tanagers are breeding, from June-early July in the southern parts of its breeding range to as late as August or even early September in the northernmost part of its range.[5] The average weight at hatching is 3.97 g (0.140 oz), with the nestlings increasing their weight to 20–22 g (0.71–0.78 oz) by 10 days, or 70% of the parent's weight. The young leave the nest by 9–12 days of age and fly capably by the time they are a few weeks old. If the nesting attempt is disturbed, scarlet tanagers apparently are unable to attempt a second brood, as several other passerines can. In a study of 16 nests in Michigan, 50% were successful in producing one or more fledglings.[14] In western New York, fledgling success increased from 22% in scattered patches of woods to as high as 64% in extensive, undisturbed hardwood forest.[7]

Threats and status

Stuffed scarlet tanager from 1860s, St. Barthélemy

Exposure and starvation can occasionally kill scarlet tanagers, especially when exceptionally cold or wet weather hits eastern North America. They often die from collisions with man-made objects including TV and radio towers, buildings and cars.[15] Beyond failure due to brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) (see below), predation is the primary direct cause of nesting failures. In one study, 69–78% of nests were preyed upon.[16] Recorded nest predators are primarily avian like blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata), common grackles (Quiscalus quiscula) and American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos), although others such as squirrels, chipmunks, raccoons (Procyon lotor), and snakes probably take a heavy toll, as well as an occasional unlucky fledgling taken by domestic cats (Felis catus). Raptorial birds hunt and kill many scarlet tanagers from fledgling throughout their adult lives, including all three North American Accipiter species, merlins (Falco columbarius), eastern screech owls (Megascops asio), barred owls (Strix varia), long-eared owls (Asio otus), and short-eared owls (Asio flammeus).[5][17][18]

These birds do best in the forest interior, where they are less exposed to predators and brood parasitism by the brown-headed cowbird. The cowbird lays its eggs in most any other passerine's nest and the young often outcompete the young of the host bird and may cause failure and starvation. Some birds have evolved strategies to deal with cowbird parasitism, but the scarlet tanager, being a bird that evolved to breed in forest interior and not previously exposed to this, are helpless victims to brood parasitism. Where forest fragmentation occurs, which is quite widespread, the scarlet tanager suffers high rates of predation and brood parasitism in small forest plots and is often absent completely from plots less than a minimum size. Their nests are typically built on horizontal tree branches. Specifically, their numbers are declining in some areas due to habitat fragmentation, but on a global scale, tanagers are a plentiful species. Thus, the IUCN classifies the scarlet tanager as being of least concern.

References

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Piranga olivacea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22722466A94767758. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22722466A94767758.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  2. ^ Remsen, J. V., Jr., C.D. Cadena, A. Jaramillo, M. Nores, J.F. Pacheco, M.B. Robbins, T.S. Schulenberg, F.G. Stiles, D.F. Stotz, and K.J. Zimmer. (2009-04-02). A classification of the bird species of South America Archived 2009-03-02 at the Wayback Machine. American Ornithologists' Union.
  3. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London, United Kingdom: Christopher Helm. pp. 281, 308. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  4. ^ 7.del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. and Christie, D.A. (2011). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 16: Tanagers to New World Blackbirds. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  5. ^ a b c Mowbray, Thomas B. (1999). Scarlet Tanager (Piranga olivacea), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/479
  6. ^ Robbins, C.S., D.K. Dawson, and B.A. Dowell (1989). Habitat area requirements of breeding forest birds of the Middle Atlantic states. Wildl. Monogr. 103.
  7. ^ a b Roberts, C. and C.J. Norment (1999). Effects of plot size and habitat characteristics on breeding success of Scarlet Tanagers. Auk 116:73-82.
  8. ^ Herrera, Néstor; Rivera, Roberto; Ibarra Portillo, Ricardo & Rodríoguez, Wilfredo (2006): Nuevos registros para la avifauna de El Salvador. ["New records for the avifauna of El Salvador"]. Boletín de la Sociedad Antioqueña de Ornitología 16(2): 1–19. [Spanish with English abstract] PDF fulltext
  9. ^ Henninger, W.F. (1906). "A preliminary list of the birds of Seneca County, Ohio" (PDF). Wilson Bulletin. 18 (2): 47–60.
  10. ^ Ohio Ornithological Society (2004): Annotated Ohio state checklist Archived 2004-07-18 at the Wayback Machine.
  11. ^ Grant, C. (1945). Drone bees selected by birds. Condor, 261-263.
  12. ^ E.g. of Gumbo-limbo (Bursera simaruba). Trophis racemosa (Moraceae), and especially of Cymbopetalum mayanum (Annonaceae): Foster, Mercedes S. (2007). "The potential of fruiting trees to enhance converted habitats for migrating birds in southern Mexico". Bird Conservation International. 17: 45–61. doi:10.1017/S0959270906000554.
  13. ^ Mcatee, W.L. (1926). The relation of birds to woodlots in New York State. Roosevelt Wildlife Bulletin no. 4.
  14. ^ Prescott, K.W. (1965). "The Scarlet Tanager (Piranga olivacea)." N.J. State Mus. Invest. no. 2.
  15. ^ Stevenson, H.M. and B.H. Anderson. (1994). The birdlife of Florida. Univ. Press of Florida, Gainesville.
  16. ^ Brawn, J. D.; Robinson, S. K. (1996). "Source-sink population dynamics may complicate the interpretation of long-term census data". Ecology. 77 (1): 3–12. doi:10.2307/2265649. JSTOR 2265649.
  17. ^ Hamerstrom Jr, F.N., & Hamerstrom, F. (1951). "Food of young raptors on the Edwin S. George Reserve." The Wilson Bulletin 16-25.
  18. ^ Meng, H. (1959). "Food habits of nesting Cooper's Hawks and Goshawks in New York and Pennsylvania." The Wilson Bulletin 169-174.

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Scarlet tanager: Brief Summary

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Adult female Scarlet Tanager, showcasing the yellow-olive plumage typical of the sex. Photographed in Ottawa, Ontario.

The scarlet tanager (Piranga olivacea) is a medium-sized American songbird. Until recently, it was placed in the tanager family (Thraupidae), but it and other members of its genus are now classified as belonging to the cardinal family (Cardinalidae). The species' plumage and vocalizations are similar to other members of the cardinal family, although the Piranga species lacks the thick conical bill (well suited to seed and insect eating) that many cardinals possess. The species resides in thick deciduous woodlands and suburbs.

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Piranga olivacea ( Spanish; Castilian )

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La tángara rojinegra migratoria (Piranga olivacea) es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Cardinalidae (aunque algunas fuentes sitúan su género, Piranga, en Thraupidae).

Los adultos miden entre 17 y 19 cm. Tienen el pico gris pálido y las patas oscuras. Al igual que otras piranga, esta especie tiene un marcado dimorfismo sexual. Durante la época reproductiva el macho es color rojo brillante, con las alas y la cola negras. La hembras tienen el plumaje opaco de color oliváceo con las alas parduzcas oscuras y la región ventral del cuerpo amarillenta. El plumaje invernal del macho presenta un patrón de coloración similar al de la hembra, pero con alas y cola más oscuras. Los machos inmaduros también son similares a las hembras, pero a medida que crecen adquieren un patrón intermedio entre las hembras y los machos adultos con la librea del verano.

Comportamiento

Su hábitat de reproducción son los bosques amplios y densos, principalmente de encinos, en el sureste de Canadá y el este de los Estados Unidos. En otoño migran hacia el noroeste de Sudamérica, principalmente a través de las Antillas, pero también por América Central. En verano llegan a su área de hibernación, zonas de vegetación tropical, principalmente en Colombia, Perú, Venezuela y oeste de Brasil. Es visitante raro en México, Guatemala y Belice.

Construyen un nido en forma de cuenco sobre las ramas horizontales de los árboles. Sus nidos pueden ser parasitados por el tordo cabecicafé (Molothrus ater).

Se alimentan en lo alto de los árboles; algunas veces atrapan insectos al vuelo. Su dieta consiste principalmente de insectos y frutos.

Referencias

  1. BirdLife International (2009). «Piranga olivacea». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2022 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 10 de octubre de 2010.

Bibliografía

  • Peterson, Roger Tory, y Edward L. Chalif. 2008. Aves de México. Guía de campo. Editorial Diana, México.

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Piranga olivacea: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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La tángara rojinegra migratoria (Piranga olivacea) es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Cardinalidae (aunque algunas fuentes sitúan su género, Piranga, en Thraupidae).

Los adultos miden entre 17 y 19 cm. Tienen el pico gris pálido y las patas oscuras. Al igual que otras piranga, esta especie tiene un marcado dimorfismo sexual. Durante la época reproductiva el macho es color rojo brillante, con las alas y la cola negras. La hembras tienen el plumaje opaco de color oliváceo con las alas parduzcas oscuras y la región ventral del cuerpo amarillenta. El plumaje invernal del macho presenta un patrón de coloración similar al de la hembra, pero con alas y cola más oscuras. Los machos inmaduros también son similares a las hembras, pero a medida que crecen adquieren un patrón intermedio entre las hembras y los machos adultos con la librea del verano.

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Piranga olivacea ( Basque )

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Piranga olivacea Piranga generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Cardinalidae familian sailkatua dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)BirdLife International (2012) Species factsheet. www.birdlife.org webgunetitik jaitsia 2012/05/07an
  2. (Ingelesez) IOC Master List

Kanpo estekak

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Piranga olivacea: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Piranga olivacea Piranga generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Cardinalidae familian sailkatua dago.

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Piranga écarlate ( French )

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Piranga olivacea

Le Piranga écarlate (Piranga olivacea) anciennement Tangara écarlate, est une espèce de passereaux de la famille des Cardinalidae qui était auparavant placée dans la famille des Thraupidae.

 src=
femelle
 src=
Autre femelle de piranga écarlate dans un cornus (plante) en fleurs au cimetière de Green-Wood, New York. Octobre 2021.

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Piranga olivacea ( Galician )

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Piranga olivacea é unha especie de Passeri de tamaño medio.

Descrición

Os adultos roldan entre os 17 e os 19 cm. Teñen o peteiro agrisado pálido e as patas escuras. Durante a época reprodutiva o macho é de cor vermella brillante, coas ás e a cola negras. A femia ten a plumaxe opaca de cor olivácea coas ás parduzcas escuras e a rexión ventral do corpo amarela. A plumaxe invernal do macho presenta un patrón de coloración semellante ó da femia, mais coas ás e cola máis escuras. Os machos inmaduros tamén son semellantes ás femias, pero a medida que medran adquiren un patrón intermedio entre as hembras e os machos adultos coa librea de verán.

Notas

Véxase tamén

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Piranga olivacea: Brief Summary ( Galician )

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Piranga olivacea é unha especie de Passeri de tamaño medio.

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Zwartvleugeltangare ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Vogels

De zwartvleugeltangare (Piranga olivacea) is een zangvogel uit de familie van de kardinaalachtigen (Cardinalidae).[2] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1789 door Gmelin.

Kenmerken

Mannetjes hebben een rood verenkleed met zwarte vleugels en staart. De lichaamslengte bedraagt 17 cm.

Verspreiding en leefgebied

Deze soort komt voor in oostelijk Noord-Amerika in loofbossen. Hij overwintert in Zuid-Amerika van Colombia tot Bolivia en soms het Caribisch gebied.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Zwartvleugeltangare: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De zwartvleugeltangare (Piranga olivacea) is een zangvogel uit de familie van de kardinaalachtigen (Cardinalidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1789 door Gmelin.

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Piranga szkarłatna ( Polish )

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Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Piranga szkarłatna (Piranga olivacea) – gatunek ptaka z rodziny kardynałów (Cardinalidae), wcześniej zaliczany do tanagr (Thraupidae)[4] lub trznadlowatych (Emberizidae). Żeruje wysoko w koronach drzew.

Morfologia

Długość ciała 17–19 cm. Samiec – płomiennoszkarłatny, o czarnych skrzydłach i ogonie. Jednoroczne samce bardziej matowe, pomarańczowoczerwone, a skrzydła i ogon mają brązowoczarne. Samice oraz młode z wierzchu zielone, od spodu żółte; skrzydła i ogon od szarobrązowych do czarnobrązowych. Kiedy nadchodzi jesień samce podobne do samic, lecz zieleń jaskrawsza, ciemię żółtawe, a żółty spód ciała pokryty jest delikatnie pomarańczowym nalotem. Młode są podobne do samicy, z żółtymi paskami na skrzydłach.

Zasięg, środowisko

Lasy liściaste, szczególnie dębowe, w środkowo-wschodniej i południowo-wschodniej części Ameryki Północnej. Zimę spędza od północnej do środkowej części Ameryki Południowej.

Przypisy

  1. Piranga olivacea, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. Scarlet Tanager (Piranga olivacea) (ang.). IBC: The Internet Bird Collection. [dostęp 2013-07-09].
  3. Piranga olivacea. Czerwona księga gatunków zagrożonych (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (ang.).
  4. Steven Hilty: Family Thraupidae (Tanagers). W: Josep del Hoyo, Andrew Elliott, David A. Christie: Handbook of the Birds of the World. Cz. 16: Tanagers to New World Blackbirds. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 2011, s. 313. ISBN 978-84-96553-78-1. (ang.)

Bibliografia

  1. Wiesław Dudziński, Marek Keller, Andrew Gosler: Atlas ptaków świata. Warszawa: Oficyna Wydawnicza Multico, 2000. ISBN 83-7073-059-0.
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Piranga szkarłatna: Brief Summary ( Polish )

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Piranga szkarłatna (Piranga olivacea) – gatunek ptaka z rodziny kardynałów (Cardinalidae), wcześniej zaliczany do tanagr (Thraupidae) lub trznadlowatych (Emberizidae). Żeruje wysoko w koronach drzew.

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Sanhaçu-escarlate ( Portuguese )

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O sanhaçu-escarlate[2] (Piranga olivacea), conhecido nos Estados Unidos como Scarlet tanager, é uma ave migratória nativa e amplamente distribuída na América do Norte, América Central e Noroeste da América do Sul. No Brasil ocorre naturalmente apenas no Noroeste da Amazônia, nos Estados do Amazonas, Rondônia e Acre, e também no Pará, próximo à Ilha de Marajó.[3]

 src=
Pássaro adulto alimentando-se de Laranja

É considerada como uma ave ornamental,[4] bastante apreciada pelos criadores, pois os machos possuem uma coloração vermelho intensa, com asas pretas, além de terem um lindo cantar. As fêmeas são consideradas ornalmentalmente menos belas, mas têm uma coloração que varia entre o amarelo e o esverdeado.

Ecologia

Na natureza é um pássaro bastante solitário, que procura normalmente galhos mais altos em meio às florestas mais profundas. Tem uma alimentação bastante variada, visto que alimenta-se de insetos voadores, sementes, frutas maduras e larvas. Como a maior parte destes alimentos são encontrados no alto das árvores, raramente um sanhaçu-escarlate é visto no chão.[5]

O cantar do pássaro, especialmente em regiões frias da América do Norte é mais comum durante o verão. Nas demais regiões, ocorre praticamente durante o ano todo.

Para a reprodução, tanto o macho quanto a fêmea trabalham na construção do ninho, mas este não é muito vistoso e fechado e não proporciona muita proteção aos ovos e aos filhotes. O macho começa a reproduzir bem precocemente, mesmo que sua plumagem não esteja completamente formada

Quando adultos, os espécimes medem em torno de 16 centímetros de comprimentos.

O canto do macho é um chilreado bastante alto e estridente.

Referências

  1. BirdLife International. [http:www.iucnredlist.org/details/22722466/0 «Piranga Olivacea»]. 2015. Consultado em 9 de janeiro de 2015
  2. «Piranga olivacea (Scarlet Tanager) - Avibase». avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Consultado em 10 de setembro de 2018
  3. Ber Van Perlo. «A Field Guide to the Birds of Brazil». 2015. Consultado em 9 de janeiro de 2015
  4. Fazenda Visconde. «sanhaçu-escarlate - Scarlet tanager». 2015. Consultado em 9 de janeiro de 2015
  5. «Sanhaço Escarlate». 2015. Consultado em 9 de janeiro de 2015
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Sanhaçu-escarlate: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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O sanhaçu-escarlate (Piranga olivacea), conhecido nos Estados Unidos como Scarlet tanager, é uma ave migratória nativa e amplamente distribuída na América do Norte, América Central e Noroeste da América do Sul. No Brasil ocorre naturalmente apenas no Noroeste da Amazônia, nos Estados do Amazonas, Rondônia e Acre, e também no Pará, próximo à Ilha de Marajó.

 src= Pássaro adulto alimentando-se de Laranja

É considerada como uma ave ornamental, bastante apreciada pelos criadores, pois os machos possuem uma coloração vermelho intensa, com asas pretas, além de terem um lindo cantar. As fêmeas são consideradas ornalmentalmente menos belas, mas têm uma coloração que varia entre o amarelo e o esverdeado.

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Scharlakanstangara ( Swedish )

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Scharlakanstangara[2] (Piranga olivacea) är en nordamerikansk fågel i familjen kardinaler inom ordningen tättingar.[3]

Kännetecken

Utseende

Scharlakanstangara i häckningsdräkt är omisskännlig med sin scharlakansröda kropp samt svarta vingar och stjärt. Utanför häckningstid är den enhetligt grönaktig ovan och gulaktig under med relativt otecknade vingar. Jämfört med sommartangaran (P. rubra) är den mindre med mindre näbb och reser inte stjärten likt denna.[4]

Läten

Hanen sjunger en serie med fem raska och hesa fraser, ofta liknat med en vandringstrast som har ont i halsen. Honan sjunger en liknande sång, men mjukare och färre stavelser. Från både hanen och honan hörs ett mycket distinkt och energifyllt tjick-burr, ett fallande skriande läte när den attackerar inkräktare i reviret, ett mjukt stigande läte under uppvaktning och häckning, ett kvitter under födosök eller i flykten och en nasal vissling när den anländer till boet med mat.[5]

Utbredning och systematik

Scharlakanstangaran häckar i östra Kanada och USA och övervintrar främst i övre Amazonflodens avrinningsområde.[3] Den behandlas som monotypisk, det vill säga att den inte delas in i några underarter.

Arten är en mycket sällsynt gäst i Europa med sex fynd i Storbritannien, fem på Irland, tre på Island, ett i Frankrike och ett 30-tal i Azorerna.[6]

 src=
Utbredningskarta för scharlakanstangaran.

Familjetillhörighet

Släktet Piranga placerades tidigare i familjen tangaror (Thraupidae), vilket fortfarande återspeglas i dess arters trivialnamn. DNA-studier har dock visat att de egentligen är tunnäbbade kardinaler, nära släkt med typarten för familjen röd kardinal.[7]

Levnadssätt

Fågeln häckar i gammal lövskog. Där ses den ofta på egen hand födosöka efter insekter och larver i trädens övre delar.[4]

Häckning

Honan väljer boplats, vanligtvis ett skuggigt ställe med en samling löv vid en grenklyka. Boet placeras ofta relativt högt, 15 meter eller mer. Det är också honan som bygger boet, av material som hon hittar på marken. Hon släpper materialet i boet, hoppar i, och formar det med kroppen. Däri lägger hon en kull med tre till fem ägg som ruvas i tolv till 14 dagar.[5]

Status och hot

Arten har ett stort utbredningsområde och en stor population med stabil utveckling.[1] Utifrån dessa kriterier kategoriserar IUCN arten som livskraftig (LC).[1] Världspopulationen uppskattas till 2,2 miljoner vuxna individer.[8]

Noter

  1. ^ [a b c] Birdlife International 2012 Piranga olivacea Från: IUCN 2015. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.4 www.iucnredlist.org. Läst 2016-02-01.
  2. ^ Sveriges ornitologiska förening (2017) Officiella listan över svenska namn på världens fågelarter, läst 2017-08-14
  3. ^ [a b] Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood (2015) The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 2015 http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download, läst 2016-02-11
  4. ^ [a b] Sibley, David Allen (2003). The Sibley Field Guide to Birds of Eastern North America. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. sid. 45. ISBN 0-679-45120-X
  5. ^ [a b] Scarlet Tanager Faktablad om scharlakanstangara på allaboutbirds.org
  6. ^ Fynd av scharlakanstangara i Västpalearktis på Tarsiger.com
  7. ^ Klicka, J., K. Burns, and G.M. Spellman (2007), Defining a monophyletic Cardinalini: A molecular perspective, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 45, 1014-1032.
  8. ^ Partners in Flight. 2017. Avian Conservation Assessment Database. 2017.

Externa länkar

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Scharlakanstangara: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Scharlakanstangara (Piranga olivacea) är en nordamerikansk fågel i familjen kardinaler inom ordningen tättingar.

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Piranga olivacea ( Ukrainian )

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Опис

Дорослі особини досягають 17—19 см завдовжки. Мають блідо-сірий дзьоб та ноги темного кольору. У період розмноження самці — яскраво-червоні, з чорними крилами та хвостом. Самки матово-оливкового оперення, з темно-коричневими крилами й жовтуватим черевом. У самців з'являється зимове оперення, забарвленням подібного до оперення самок, однак з більш темними крилами та хвостом. Незрілі самці також схожі на самок. Утім, з поступовим ростом видозмінюються.

Живлення

Живиться на верхів'ях дерев; часто ловить комах у польоті, як ластівки. Раціон виду переважно становлять комахи та фрукти.

Поширення

Перелітний птах. Розмножується у широких та густих лісах, переважно дубових, на південному сході Канади та у Сполучених Штатах. Восени мігрує на північний захід до Південної Америки. Транзит головним чином пролягає через Антильські острови, а також територію Центральної Америки (див. карту). Зимують у зоні тропічної рослинності, передовсім у Колумбії, Перу, Венесуелі та на заході Бразилії. Зрідка відвідує Мексику, Гватемалу та Беліз[2].

Розмноження

Розмножуються у широких та густих лісах, переважно дубових, на південному сході Канади та у Сполучених Штатах. Влаштовують гнізда у формі чашки на прямих гілках дерев. Самиця відкладає від 3 до 5 яєць, які висиджує приблизно 13 днів.

Галерея

Примітки

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Piranga olivacea ( Vietnamese )

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Piranga olivacea (tên thông thường tiếng Anh: scarlet tanager) là một loài chim hót kích thường trung bình thuộc chi Piranga. Trước đây, chúng từng được xếp vào họ Thraupidae, nhưng hiện nay loài này và các loài cùng chi đã được chuyển qua họ Hồng tước (Cardinalidae).[2] Bộ lông và giọng hót của chúng tương tự như các thành viên khác của Cardinalidae.

Chú thích

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2012). Piranga olivacea. Sách Đỏ IUCN các loài bị đe dọa. Phiên bản 2013.2. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế. Truy cập ngày 26 tháng 11 năm 2013.
  2. ^ Remsen, J. V., Jr., C. D. Cadena, A. Jaramillo, M. Nores, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, T. S. Schulenberg, F. G. Stiles, D. F. Stotz, and K. J. Zimmer. Version [2009-04-02]. [A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithologists' Union.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết Bộ Sẻ này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Piranga olivacea: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Piranga olivacea (tên thông thường tiếng Anh: scarlet tanager) là một loài chim hót kích thường trung bình thuộc chi Piranga. Trước đây, chúng từng được xếp vào họ Thraupidae, nhưng hiện nay loài này và các loài cùng chi đã được chuyển qua họ Hồng tước (Cardinalidae). Bộ lông và giọng hót của chúng tương tự như các thành viên khác của Cardinalidae.

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Красно-чёрная пиранга ( Russian )

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Научная классификация Царство: Животные Тип: Хордовые Класс: Птицы Отряд: Воробьинообразные Семейство: Танагровые Род: Пиранги Вид: Красно-чёрная пиранга Латинское название Piranga olivacea Wilson, 1811 Синонимы
  • Piranga erythromelas

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Систематика
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ITIS 179883 NCBI 62086 Охранный статус
Status iucn3.1 LC ru.svg
Вызывающие наименьшие опасения
IUCN 3.1 Least Concern: 106009298

Красно-чёрная пиранга[1] (лат. Piranga olivacea) — певчая птица семейства танагровых.

Описание

У самца неповторимый брачный наряд. Оперение на голове и теле красное, блестящее. Крылья и хвост - чёрного цвета. Зимой оперение самца - оливково-зелёное, похоже на оперение самки, однако крылья и хвост чёрные. Вопреки яркости окраски красно-чёрную пирангу трудно обнаружить на дереве, где она ищет ягоды, плоды, насекомых, пауков и улиток. Конусообразный клюв согнут на конце книзу.

Распространение

Ареал гнездования находится на востоке США и крайнем юго-востоке Канады. Регионы зимовки находятся в Южной Америке. Она живёт в лесах, засаженных лесом территориях, парках или садах.

Размножение

В период размножения самка прилетает через несколько дней после самца на территорию гнездования, которую самец уже занял на деревьях в ожидании самки. Когда прилетает самка, самец начинает добиваться её своим пением. На высоком дереве самка строит гнездо и откладывает от 3 до 5 яиц, которые высиживает затем примерно 13 дней.

В культуре

Во время своего пребывания в США композитор Антонин Дворжак записал в свой рабочий блокнот пение пиранги — из этой записи родились резкие реплики скрипки в третьей части его знаменитого Двенадцатого струнного квартета[2].

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Красно-чёрная пиранга: Brief Summary ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию

Красно-чёрная пиранга (лат. Piranga olivacea) — певчая птица семейства танагровых.

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