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Commelina erecta grows in temperate regions of North and Central America, as well as in tropical regions.

This is by far the most variable species of Commelina in the flora. Three freely intergrading varieties may be recognized, although they are of questionable significance: C. erecta var. erecta, with larger leaves lanceolate to lanceolate-ovate, (1.5--)2--4 cm wide, and spathes (2.2--)2.5--3.6 cm, occurs throughout our region; C. erecta var. angustifolia (Michaux) Fernald, with leaves linear to narrowly lanceolate, 0.3--1.5 cm wide, and spathes 1--2 cm, is mainly southern but extends as far north as Virginia; and C. erecta var. deamiana Fernald, with leaves linear to narrowly lanceolate, 0.5--1.7 cm wide, and spathes 2--3.5 cm, occurs in midwestern United States south to Texas.

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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
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Flora of North America Vol. 22 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description

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Herbs, perennial. Roots fleshy, stout, tufted. Stems cespitose, usually erect to ascending (rarely decumbent, rooting at nodes). Leaves: leaf sheath auriculate at apex; blade sessile or petiolate, linear to lanceolate (rarely lanceolate-ovate), 5--15 ´ 0.3--4 cm, apex acuminate (rarely acute). Inflorescences: distal cyme vestigial, included; spathes solitary or clustered, green, pedunculate, not at all to strongly falcate, 1--2.5(--4) ´ 0.7--1.5(--2.5) cm, margins longly connate, glabrous except along connate edge, apex acute to acuminate, sometimes purple, usually variously pubescent; peduncles 0.5--1(--2) cm. Flowers bisexual and staminate, 1.5--4 cm wide; proximal petal minute, white, distal petals blue (rarely lavender or white); staminodes 3, staminodes and medial stamen entirely yellow; antherodes cruciform. Capsules 3-locular, 2-valved (very rarely 3-valved), 3.5--4.5 ´ 3--5 mm; abaxial locule warty, indehiscent (very rarely smooth and dehiscent); adaxial locules smooth, dehiscent. Seeds 3, brown, with soft, whitish tissue at both ends or in a band, 2.4--3.5 ´ 2.3--2.8 mm, nearly smooth. 2n = 60.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 22 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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Habitat & Distribution

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Flowering spring--fall. Rocky woods and hillsides, scrub oak woods, pine woods and barrens, sand dunes, hummocks, shale barrens, roadsides, railroad rights-of-way, fields, and occasionally a weed in cultivated ground; Ala., Ark., Ariz., Colo., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Md., Miss., Mo., Nebr., N.C., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., Okla., Pa., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va., W.Va., Wis.; Central America.
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 22 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Synonym

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Commelina angustifolia Michaux; C. crispa Wooton; C. elegans Kunth
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
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Flora of North America Vol. 22 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Derivation of specific name

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erecta: erect
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Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
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Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Commelina erecta L. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=112640
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Mātlālitztic ( Nahuatl )

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In Mātlālitztic (Commelina erecta).

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Commelina erecta

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Commelina erecta, commonly known as the white mouth dayflower, slender dayflower, or widow's tears, is a perennial herb native throughout the Americas, Africa and western Asia. It is considered to be the most variable species of Commelina in North America.

Distribution and habitat

Commelina erecta is native to much of the world, including the Americas, Africa and western Asia. In the Americas it is present in the United States, the West Indies, every country of Central America and south through the tropics into Argentina. In the United States it can be found from New York and Nebraska in the north, south to Florida and Texas.[4] In the West Indies it is present throughout Puerto Rico and on several of the Virgin Islands such as Saint Croix, Saint Thomas, Saint John, George Dog Island, Anegada, Great Camanoe, Guana Island, Tortola and Water Island.[5] The native Slender dayflower is located occasionally in the western half Illinois, Northeast, and Southern Illinois. It is usually in dry sand prairies, woodlands, or anywhere drier than normal. (illinoiswildflowers.info)

In tropical Africa the plant is also widespread. In west Africa it is present in Senegal, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone, Liberia, the Ivory Coast, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Benin, Nigeria, and Bioko.[6]

In Nigeria, the plant is known as Ewe Apolukuluku and Itopere.

In the West Indies it is common in disturbed sites as well as in dry to moist woods from sea level up to 1300 meters.[5]

References

  1. ^ "Commelina erecta". NatureServe Explorer. NatureServe. Retrieved 2022-03-13.
  2. ^ Kunth Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1: 259–260 1815 [1816]
  3. ^ De Egea, J.; Pena-Chocarro, M.; Espada, C.; Knapp, S. (2012). "Checklist of vascular plants of the Department of Ñeembucú, Paraguay". PhytoKeys (9): 15–179. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.9.2279. PMC 3281576. PMID 22371688.
  4. ^ Faden, Robert (2006), "Commelina erecta", in Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+ (ed.), Flora of North America online, vol. 22, New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press, retrieved 2007-12-12
  5. ^ a b Acevedo-Rodriguez, Pedro; Strong, Mark T. (2005), "Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands", Contributions of the United States National Herbarium, 52: 158
  6. ^ Brenan, J.P.M. (1968), "Commelinaceae", in Hutchinson, J.; Dalziel, J.M. (ed.), Flora of West Tropical Africa, vol. 3, pp. 49–50

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Commelina erecta: Brief Summary

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Commelina erecta, commonly known as the white mouth dayflower, slender dayflower, or widow's tears, is a perennial herb native throughout the Americas, Africa and western Asia. It is considered to be the most variable species of Commelina in North America.

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Commelina erecta ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Commelina erecta ("flor de Santa Lucía") es una planta herbácea perenne de la familia Commelinaceae.

 src=
Detalle de la flor
 src=
Vista de la planta

Descripción

Es una planta herbácea, perenne, con hábito de crecimiento erecto o postrado. Alcanza de 20 a 90 cm de altura, ramifica casi desde la base. Los tallos son verdes, carnosos y cilíndricos. Las hojas son lanceoladas y sus vainas cubren yemas capaces de producir ramificaciones. Los primeros macollos aparecen cuando la planta posee 3 a 4 hojas. En densidades bajas cada planta es capaz de producir aproximadamente 50 ramificaciones basales. Las inflorescencias están protegidas por una espata verde y las flores comprenden dos pétalos azules o blancos unidos al final, un pétalo blanco más pequeño, numerosos estigmas amarillos y un estambre. Es muy atractiva para la abejas que realizan la polinización. Hoja simple, brillante y lanceolada, 15 cm x 3 cm, angosta a muy angostamente ovada, algo puntiaguda, hacia la base se torna redondeada y con un par de pequeños lóbulos (aurículas) a los lados, luego se hace tubular formando la vaina que envuelve al tallo, con pelos blancos principalmente sobre la vaina. Los frutos son cápsulas con tres semillas, dos arriñonadas y la tercera ovoide.[1]

Se propaga en forma sexual (produciendo hasta 1000 semillas por planta) y asexual, por rizomas simpodiales (cortos y agrupados en corona) y monopodiales (10 a 20 cm de largo). Los tallos, al tocar el suelo, emiten raíces adventíceas en los nudos basales.[1]

Distribución y hábitat

Commelina erecta es nativa de EE. UU., Indias Occidentales (Puerto Rico y varias de las Islas Vírgenes Saint Croix, Saint Thomas, Saint John, Isla George Dog, Anegada, Gran Camanoe, isla de Guana, Tórtola, Water Island). En esas áreas es común tanto en sitios disturbados como en áreas secas a húmedas, desde el nivel del mar a 1.500 msnm.[2]​ No obstante, se halla distribuida en toda América y también ha sido introducida a África tropical.[2]​ Está considerada una de las especies más variables de Commelina en Norteamérica. Fernald reconoce tres variedades, pero Robert B. Faden ha cuestionado su significancia.[3]

Importancia económica

En la región pampeana (Argentina) habitualmente se encontraba en banquinas, vías de ferrocarril y no existían referencias respecto a su presencia en campos cultivados. Sin embargo, en los últimos años se ha observado como maleza en barbechos y en cultivos de soja y maíz bajo siembra directa. Este incremento en las poblaciones de esta especie como maleza podría estar asociado al uso casi exclusivo del herbicida glifosato como herbicida para controlar malezas en el cultivo de soja y a la elevada tolerancia que exhibe Commelina erecta a este herbicida.[1]​ Es sensible al 2,4 D[4]

Taxonomía

Commelina erecta fue descrita por Carlos Linneo y publicado en Species Plantarum 1: 41. 1753.[5]

Etimología

Commelina: nombre genérico que Carlos Linneo (1707-1778) nombró por Commelina communis en honor de tres hermanos apellidados Commelin, que vivieron en Francia durante el Siglo XVIII. Los tres fueron botánicos, pero solo dos llegaron a ser famosos por su trabajo. Los dos grandes pétalos brillantes azules se dice que representan a los dos hermanos famosos, mientras que el pequeño pétalo blanco simboliza a su científicamente insignificante hermano.

erecta: epíteto latino que significa "erecta".[6]

Sinonimia
  • Commelina elegans Kunth
  • Commelina virginica auct.

Nombres comunes

Otros nombres comunes de esta especie son:

  • castellano: espuelitas, hierba del pollo, mataliste, mataliz, rosilla[7]​ (México), tetzocana[7]​ (México), hierba de Santa Lucía (Argentina), canutillo (Venezuela).
  • idioma maya: pah-tsá, x-habul-ha , ya´ax-ha-xiu

Referencias

  1. a b c Luisa Nisensohn & Daniel Tuesca. 2001Especies de malezas asociadas al nuevo modelo productivo de la región: Commelina erecta Archivado el 31 de marzo de 2008 en Wayback Machine., Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario.
  2. a b Acevedo-Rodriguez, Pedro; Strong, Mark T. (2005). «Monocotiledóneas y Gimnospermas de Puerto Rico y Virgin Islands». Contribuciones del Herbario Nacional de EE.UU. 52. p. 158.
  3. Faden, Robert (2006). «Commelina erecta». En Flora de Norteamérica Comité Editorial, eds. 1993, ed. Flora de Norteamérica online 22. New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press. Consultado el 12 de diciembre de 2007.
  4. Commelina erecta - ficha informativa
  5. «Commelina erecta». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultado el 9 de noviembre de 2013.
  6. En Epítetos Botánicos
  7. a b Colmeiro, Miguel: «Diccionario de los diversos nombres vulgares de muchas plantas usuales ó notables del antiguo y nuevo mundo», Madrid, 1871.

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Commelina erecta: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Commelina erecta ("flor de Santa Lucía") es una planta herbácea perenne de la familia Commelinaceae.

 src= Detalle de la flor  src= Vista de la planta
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Commelina erecta ( Vietnamese )

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Commelina erecta là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Commelinaceae. Loài này được L. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1753.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Commelina erecta. Truy cập ngày 16 tháng 7 năm 2013.

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Commelina erecta: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Commelina erecta là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Commelinaceae. Loài này được L. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1753.

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