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Associations

provided by BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK
In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / parasite
Blumeria graminis parasitises live Holcus mollis

Foodplant / spot causer
amphigenous acervulus of Colletotrichum coelomycetous anamorph of Colletotrichum holci causes spots on fading leaf of Holcus mollis
Remarks: season: 7-8

Foodplant / parasite
sorus of Entyloma dactylidis parasitises live leaf of Holcus mollis
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / gall
stroma of Epichlo causes gall of stem of Holcus mollis

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Marasmius curreyi is saprobic on dead, decayed stem of Holcus mollis
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / parasite
amphigenous, scattered or in patches uredium of Puccinia coronata parasitises live leaf of Holcus mollis
Remarks: season: summer

Foodplant / parasite
telium of Puccinia hordei parasitises live stem of Holcus mollis
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / spot causer
deeply immersed, very minute, hardly visible, black pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph of Septoria holci causes spots on fading leaf of Holcus mollis
Remarks: season: 8

Foodplant / pathogen
embedded sorus of Tilletia holci infects and damages ovary of Holcus mollis
Remarks: season: 6-9

Foodplant / spot causer
long, linear, erumpent sorus of Ustilago striiformis causes spots on live, blistered leaf of Holcus mollis
Other: major host/prey

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Comprehensive Description

provided by North American Flora
Holcus mollis L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1305. 1759
Aira mollis Schreb. Spic. Fl. Lips. 51. 1771. (Ba,sed on Holcus mollis L.)
Aira holcus-mollis Vill. Hist. PI. Dauph. 2: 88. 1787. (Based on Holcus mollis L.)
/Irena sy/uo/ica Salisb. Prodr. 24. 1796. (Kased on Holcus mollis h.)
Avena mollis Kokqt, Ucscr. Gram. 300. 1802. (Based on Holcus mollis L.) Not /I. moHii Salisb.,
1796. Ginannia mollis Bubani, Fl. Pyren. 4: 321. 1901. (Based on Holcus mollis L.) Notholcus mollis Hitchc. Am. jour. Bot. 2: 304. 1915. (Based on Holcus mollis L.)
Culms ascending, 50-100 cm. tall, leafy below, with vigorous slender rhizomes; sheaths, except the lower, glabrous; ligule membranaceous, about 2 mm. long; blades from rather harshly velvety on both surfaces to glabrcsccnt-scabrous, obscurely while-margined, mostly 6-13 cm. long, 4-10 mm. wide; panicle ovate to narrowly oblong, dense to rather loose, 6-10 cm. long; spikelets 4-5 ram. long; glumes subequal, acuminate, scabrous, hirsute on the nerve;, the second broader than the first; lemmas pubescent on the callus and on the back toward the summit, about 2,5 mm. long, the second with a geniculate awn 3-4 mm. long; paleas thin, nearly as long as their lemmas.
Type locality: Europe.
Distribution: Damp places, recently introduced and apparently spreading, Lewis County, New York; ballast, Catnden. New Jersey; Washington to California; native of Europe.
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bibliographic citation
Albert Spear Hitchcock, Jason Richard Swallen, Agnes Chase. 1939. (POALES); POACEAE (pars). North American flora. vol 17(8). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
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Physical Description

provided by USDA PLANTS text
Perennials, Terrestrial, not aquatic, Rhizomes present, Rhizome elongate, creeping, stems distant, Stolons or runners present, Stems nodes swollen or brittle, Stems erect or ascending, Stems geniculate, decumbent, or lax, sometimes rooting at nodes, Stems caespitose, tufted, or clustered, Stems terete, round in cross section, or polygonal, Stem nodes bearded or hairy, Stem internodes hollow, Stems with inflorescence less than 1 m tall, Stems with inflorescence 1-2 m tall, Stems, culms, or scapes exceeding basal leaves, Leaves mostly cauline, Leaves conspicuously 2-ranked, disticho us, Leaves sheathing at base, Leaf sheath mostly open, or loose, Leaf sheath hairy, hispid or prickly, Leaf sheath and blade differentiated, Leaf blades linear, Leaf blades lanceolate, Leaf blades 2-10 mm wide, Leaf blades 1-2 cm wide, Leaf blades mostly flat, Leaf blade margins folded, involute, or conduplicate, Leaf blades mostly glabrous, Leaf blades more or less hairy, Ligule present, Ligule an unfringed eciliate membrane, Ligule a fringed, ciliate, or lobed membrane, Inflorescence terminal, Inflorescence an open panicle, openly paniculate, branches spreading, Inflorescence solitary, with 1 spike, fascicle, glomerule, head, or cluster per stem or culm, Flowers bisexual, Spikelets pedicellate, Spikelets laterally compressed, Spikelet less than 3 mm wide, Spikelets with 1 fertile floret, Spikelets with 2 florets, Spikelets solitary at rachis nodes, Spikelets all alike and fertille, Spikelets bisexual, Spikelets disarticulating below the glumes, Rachilla or pedicel glabrous , Glumes present, empty bracts, Glumes 2 clearly present, Glumes equal or subequal, Glumes equal to or longer than adjacent lemma, Glume equal to or longer than spikelet, Glumes keeled or winged, Glumes 1 nerved, Glumes 3 nerved, Lemma coriaceous, firmer or thicker in texture than the glumes, Lemma 5-7 nerved, Lemma glabrous, Lemma apex truncate, rounded, or obtuse, Lemma distinctly awned, more than 2-3 mm, Lemma with 1 awn, Lemma awn less than 1 cm long, Lemma awn subapical or dorsal, Lemma awn once geniculate, bent once, Lemma margins thin, lying flat, Lemma straight, Palea present, well developed, Palea about equal to lemma, Palea 2 nerved or 2 keeled, Stamens 3, Styles 2-fid, deeply 2-branched, Stigmas 2, Fruit - caryopsis.
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Holcus mollis

provided by wikipedia EN

Holcus mollis, known as creeping soft grass or creeping velvet grass, is a species of flowering plant in the grass family Poaceae. It is native to Europe and north Africa.

Description

Young (left) and mature inflorescences

Holcus mollis is a rhizomatous perennial grass found in woods and hedgerows, growing to 50 centimetres (20 in) tall. It has rhizomes that occur around 5 cm (2.0 in) deep in soil or sometimes deeper. Rhizome growth occurs in the period May to November but is fastest from mid-June to mid-July. The rhizomes have many dormant buds that do not develop unless the rhizomes are disturbed and then fresh aerial shoots may arise from the broken fragments. It flowers from June to July.

The main distinguishing characteristics from H. lanatus are the presence of rhizomes, and the bearded nodes or 'hairy knees' on the culm.[1]

Habitat

Holcus mollis is favoured by conditions in woodland clearings and at the early stages of coppicing. Growth and flowering are restricted as the tree canopy develops. It is often a relict of former woodland vegetation, surviving in open grassland and grassy heaths after woodland clearance despite being a shade lover. It is found mostly on moist, freely-drained acid soils, normally light to medium texture and high in organic matter; it is absent from areas of calcareous or base rich soil, and often grows with bracken.

Insect foodplant

The caterpillars of some Lepidoptera use it as a food plant, e.g. the Essex skipper (Thymelicus lineola).

Status as a weed

In a survey of weeds in conventional cereals in central southern England in 1982, it was found in 1% of winter barley but not at all in winter wheat or spring barley.

Each small piece of rhizome is capable of developing into a new plant. Research shows that within 6–8 inches (150–200 mm) of the surface, 1 square foot (0.093 m2) of rhizome infested soil may contain up to 110 feet (34 m) of rhizome, the weight of roots and rhizomes being estimated at 7.5 tons per acre.[1]{{rp|263]]

Varieties and hybridisation

A pentaploid variant of H. mollis is common in Britain; it is sterile but spreads vegetatively. H. mollis var. variegatus has striped green and white leaves; it is sometimes cultivated.[1]

A male sterile hybrid with Holcus lanatus exists with 2n = 21 chromosomes.[1] Hybrids tend to resemble H. lanatus in their morphology.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c d C. E. Hubbard (1976). Grasses. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-013227-4.
  2. ^ Weed Information
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Holcus mollis: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Holcus mollis, known as creeping soft grass or creeping velvet grass, is a species of flowering plant in the grass family Poaceae. It is native to Europe and north Africa.

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