Die bosluisbessie of wildedadel[1] (Fadogia homblei) is inheems aan die Suid-Afrikaanse provinsies Noord-Wes, Gauteng, Mpumalanga en Limpopo en kom ook in Swaziland en noordwaarts tot in Sentraal Afrika voor. Op die SANBI-rooilys word dit as veilig gelys.[2]
Dit is 'n meerjarige plant of struikie met regop stammetjies wat 50 cm hoog word en groei uit 'n dik houtige wortelstok. Die spesie is 'n geoksiel Die blare groei in groepies van 3-5 aan elke knoop. Die bokant van die blaar is donkergroen, die onderkant is silwerwit. Dit bring klein geurige geel blommetjies voort en kry 'n ronde vrug wat groen van kleur is, maar swart word wanneer dit ryp word. Die vrug lyk soos 'n bosluis wat hom vol bloed gedrink het.[3]
Dit is een van ses plante wat gousiekte veroorsaak en wat 'n endosimbiontiese bakterie Burkholderia caledonica in knobbeltjies in sy blare het.[4] In 2016 is in die risosfeer van F. homblei 'n ander naverwante spesie gevind, wat die naam Burkholderia fortuita gekry het. Fortuitus beteken toevallig. Die navorsers het eintlik na die endofiet B. caledonica gesoek maar pleks daarvan hierdie spesie toevallig gevind.[5]
Die bosluisbessie of wildedadel (Fadogia homblei) is inheems aan die Suid-Afrikaanse provinsies Noord-Wes, Gauteng, Mpumalanga en Limpopo en kom ook in Swaziland en noordwaarts tot in Sentraal Afrika voor. Op die SANBI-rooilys word dit as veilig gelys.
Dit is 'n meerjarige plant of struikie met regop stammetjies wat 50 cm hoog word en groei uit 'n dik houtige wortelstok. Die spesie is 'n geoksiel Die blare groei in groepies van 3-5 aan elke knoop. Die bokant van die blaar is donkergroen, die onderkant is silwerwit. Dit bring klein geurige geel blommetjies voort en kry 'n ronde vrug wat groen van kleur is, maar swart word wanneer dit ryp word. Die vrug lyk soos 'n bosluis wat hom vol bloed gedrink het.
Dit is een van ses plante wat gousiekte veroorsaak en wat 'n endosimbiontiese bakterie Burkholderia caledonica in knobbeltjies in sy blare het. In 2016 is in die risosfeer van F. homblei 'n ander naverwante spesie gevind, wat die naam Burkholderia fortuita gekry het. Fortuitus beteken toevallig. Die navorsers het eintlik na die endofiet B. caledonica gesoek maar pleks daarvan hierdie spesie toevallig gevind.
Fadogia homblei is a 60 cm-tall erect perennial sub-Saharan shrublet with subterranean stems producing unbranched annual shoots, and is one of some 47 species of Fadogia in the family Rubiaceae. It occurs in Angola, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and in Limpopo and Gauteng Provinces in South Africa.[2]
This species has leaves in whorls of 3-5. The leaves are elliptic or lanceolate, shiny above, with greyish-white papillose hairs on the undersurface. Fragrant flowers are in 3-5-flowered whorls arising from the leaf nodes, and are creamy yellow to bright yellow in colour. The fruit is spherical, crowned with the persistent calyx limb, initially green, but turning black when ripe, and is edible.[3]
Browsing of this species has long been known to cause 'gousiekte' ("quick disease"), a cardiotoxicosis of ruminants marked by heart failure four to eight weeks after ingestion of certain species of Vangueria, Pavetta, and Fadogia, and is thought to be caused by the polyamine pavettamine. All six plants known to cause gousiekte are members of the family Rubiaceae.[4] Laboratory analysis has revealed that the pavettamine concentration in Fadogia homblei was highest in the topmost leaf pair, and decreased towards the base of the plant. All the gousiekte-causing plants have symbiotic bacteria in their leaves, and at first these were suspected of playing a role in the production of pavettamine. However, cultures of the bacteria have not revealed any traces of pavettamine, showing that the toxin is either from an interaction with the plant or solely produced by the plant.[5] The structure of pavettamine remained elusive, but was finally published in 2010 by Bode et al., some 15 years after it was first isolated, and found to be (2S,4R,8R,10S)-1,11-diamino-6-aza-undecane-2,4,8,10-tetraol. Despite the determination of pavettamine's structure, it has yet to be linked to gousiekte.[6]
A large number of compounds were isolated from the fruits, leaves, and stem of the species, including:
Fadogia homblei is a 60 cm-tall erect perennial sub-Saharan shrublet with subterranean stems producing unbranched annual shoots, and is one of some 47 species of Fadogia in the family Rubiaceae. It occurs in Angola, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and in Limpopo and Gauteng Provinces in South Africa.
This species has leaves in whorls of 3-5. The leaves are elliptic or lanceolate, shiny above, with greyish-white papillose hairs on the undersurface. Fragrant flowers are in 3-5-flowered whorls arising from the leaf nodes, and are creamy yellow to bright yellow in colour. The fruit is spherical, crowned with the persistent calyx limb, initially green, but turning black when ripe, and is edible.
Browsing of this species has long been known to cause 'gousiekte' ("quick disease"), a cardiotoxicosis of ruminants marked by heart failure four to eight weeks after ingestion of certain species of Vangueria, Pavetta, and Fadogia, and is thought to be caused by the polyamine pavettamine. All six plants known to cause gousiekte are members of the family Rubiaceae. Laboratory analysis has revealed that the pavettamine concentration in Fadogia homblei was highest in the topmost leaf pair, and decreased towards the base of the plant. All the gousiekte-causing plants have symbiotic bacteria in their leaves, and at first these were suspected of playing a role in the production of pavettamine. However, cultures of the bacteria have not revealed any traces of pavettamine, showing that the toxin is either from an interaction with the plant or solely produced by the plant. The structure of pavettamine remained elusive, but was finally published in 2010 by Bode et al., some 15 years after it was first isolated, and found to be (2S,4R,8R,10S)-1,11-diamino-6-aza-undecane-2,4,8,10-tetraol. Despite the determination of pavettamine's structure, it has yet to be linked to gousiekte.
A large number of compounds were isolated from the fruits, leaves, and stem of the species, including:
Scopoletin - anti-fungal, anti-spasmodic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer. Luteolin - anti-mutagenic, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory. Quercetin - 3-O-β-D-galactoside is common in plants and an active ingredient of many herbal remedies, anti-hypertensive, vasodilatory. Lupeol - anti-oxidant, anti-angiogenic, anti-neoplastic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-malarial. Betulinic acid - anti-inflammatory, in vitro anti-malarial, anti-HIV, and anti-cancer. Sitosterol and stigmasterol - common compounds found in almost all plant species. Pinoresinol - inhibitor of 15-lipoxygenase. Uracil - isolated from the leaf of Fadogia homblei, significant as the first finding of uracil from plants other than ferns.Fadogia homblei là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Thiến thảo. Loài này được De Wild. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1913.[1]
Fadogia homblei là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Thiến thảo. Loài này được De Wild. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1913.
