Comments
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por eFloras
Amaranthus dubius, a morphologically deviant allopolyploid, is very close genetically to both A. spinosus (sect. Centrusa) and members of sect. Amaranthus. This species most probably originated as a result of ancient hybridization between A. spinosus and either A. hybridus or A. quitensis (W. F. Grant 1959; T. N. Khoshoo and M. Pal 1972; M. Pal and T. N. Khoshoo 1965; J. D. Sauer 1967b; V. Srivastava et al. 1977). Amaranthus nothosect. Dubia Mosyakin & K. R. Robertson (A. sect. Amaranthus × A. sect. Centrusa), was proposed to accommodate A. dubius (S. L. Mosyakin and K. R. Robertson 1996).
- licença
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Comments
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por eFloras
Article reporting naturalization (in Hualien, Taiwan) appeared after publication of the family treatment for the Flora of China. See CHEN Shih-Huei & Ming-Jou Wu. 2007. Notes on four newly naturalized plants in Taiwan. Taiwania 52(1): 59-69).
- licença
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Description
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por eFloras
Plants glabrous or sparsely pubescent in distal parts. Stems erect, green, branched, 0.3-1 m. Leaves: petiole of proximal leaves equaling or longer than blade, becoming shorter distally; blade rhombic-ovate or ovate to elliptic, 3-12 × 2-8 cm, base broadly cuneate, margins entire, apex slightly acuminate to obtuse and faintly emarginate, mucronate. Inflorescences terminal panicles and axillary spikes; panicles erect or often drooping, green, dense, branched, leafless at least distally. Bracts lanceolate, shorter than 2 mm, shorter than tepals, apex spinescent. Pistillate flowers: tepals 5, oblong-spatulate to oblong, not clawed, 1.5-2 mm, apex acute, often very shortly mucronate; style branches strongly spreading, shorter than body of fruit; stigmas 3. Staminate flowers usually clustered at tips of inflorescence branches, sometimes gathered in proximal glomerules (as in A. spinosus); tepals 5, equal or subequal; stamens 5. Utricles ovoid or subglobose, 1.5-2 mm, slightly shorter than tepals, smooth to irregularly wrinkled, dehiscence regularly circumscissile. Seeds dark reddish brown to black, subglobose or lenticular, 0.8-1 mm diam., shiny, smooth. 2n = 64.
- licença
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Distribution
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por eFloras
introduced; Fla.; West Indies; South America; introduced and locally naturalized Europe, Asia, Africa.
- licença
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Flowering/Fruiting
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por eFloras
Flowering summer-fall in tropics, various seasons in subtropics.
- licença
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Habitat
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por eFloras
Waste places, disturbed habitats; 0-100m.
- licença
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Habitat & Distribution
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por eFloras
Native of the New World but now widely naturalized in the tropics and subtropics.
- licença
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Derivation of specific name
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Flora of Zimbabwe
dubius: uncertain, doubtful
- licença
- cc-by-nc
- direitos autorais
- Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
- citação bibliográfica
- Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=122130
- autor
- Mark Hyde
- autor
- Bart Wursten
- autor
- Petra Ballings
Comprehensive Description
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por North American Flora
Amaranthus dubius Mart. PI. Hort. Erlang. 197. 1814
Amaranthus tristis Willd. Hist. Amaranth. 21, at least in part. 1790. Not A. tristis I/. 1753.
Amaranthus incomptus Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. Suppl. 64, hyponym. 1813.
Amaranthus tristis xanthostachys Moq. in DC. Prodr. 13 2 : 260. 1849.
Amaranthus tristis flexuosus Moq. in DC. Prodr. 13 2 : 260. 1849.
Amaranthus tristis leptostachys Moq. in DC. Prodr. 13 2 : 260. 1849.
Amaranthus dubius xanthostachys Thellung, in Asch. & Graebn. Syn. Mittel-Eur. Fl. 5: 266. 1914.
Amaranthus dubius flexuosus Thellung, in Asch. & Graebn. Syn. Mittel-Eur. Fl. 5: 266. 1914.
Amaranthus dubius leptostachys Thellung, in Asch. & Graebn. Syn. Mittel-Eur. Fl. 5: 266. 1914.
Stems rather slender, erect, 3-10 dm. high, succulent, simple or much branched, green* glabrous, rarely pubescent about the inflorescence; leaves numerous, the petioles 2-9 cm. long, slender, the blades ovate or rhombic-ovate, 2-12 cm. long, 1.2-8 cm. wide, acute to rounded at the apex, the tip rounded and usually emarginate, rounded, obtuse, or acutish at the base, thin, deep-green, glabrous, or rarely pubescent when young, rather inconspicuously nerved; flowers monoecious, green or whitish, in slender, dense, terminal or axillary, simple or paniculate, usually drooping spikes 5-25 cm. long and 4-12 mm. thick, these often interrupted below, dense clusters of flowers sometimes present in the axils of the leaves; bracts ovate or oval, acute, scarious except for the* midnerve and the pungent tip, usually shorter than the sepals but often equaling or rarely slightly exceeding them; sepals of the staminate flowers oblong-ovate or oval, acute or acutish, mucronate, 1 -nerved, scarious; sepals of the pistillate flowers oblong to ovate, 1.5-2 mm. long, obtuse or acutish, often emarginate, mucronate, scarious, 1 -nerved, erect, distinct; stamens 5; style-branches 3, long and slender; utricle subglobose, slightly longer than thick, not compressed, usually exceeding the sepals, thin-walled, slightly rugulose, dehiscent at the middle; seed rotund, 1 mm. in diameter, usually sharpedged, dark reddish-brown or black, lustrous.
Type locality: Described from cultivated plants.
Distribution: Common nearly throughout the West Indies; southwestern Mexico and Yucatan ; also in tropical South America ; adventi ve in Europe.
- citação bibliográfica
- Paul Carpenter Standley. 1917. (CHENOPODIALES); AMARANTHACEAE. North American flora. vol 21(2). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Espinac xinès
(
Catalão; Valenciano
)
fornecido por wikipedia CA
L'espinac xinès (Amaranthus dubius) és una espècie de planta comestible dins la família amarantàcia.
Distribució
És originari d'Euràsia i Àfrica. Ha estat introduït a Florida, Carib i Amèrica del Sud.
Descripció
Normalment fa 80-120 cm d'alt. Hi ha varietats verdes i vermelles i altres de colors mesclats. La varietat verda és gairebé igual a l'amarant gràcil. És una espècie ruderal.
Gastronomia
A Àsia s'aprecien molt les seves fulles[1] i també a Àfrica.[2] Es pot menjar cru o cuit en curry[3] i en bhajis.[4] En la llengua bantu d'Uganda rep el nom de Doodo[5] i es talla fi i es menja amb cebes i tomàquets.
Referències
Enllaços externs
![src=]()
A
Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a:
Espinac xinès 
- licença
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Autors i editors de Wikipedia
Espinac xinès: Brief Summary
(
Catalão; Valenciano
)
fornecido por wikipedia CA
L'espinac xinès (Amaranthus dubius) és una espècie de planta comestible dins la família amarantàcia.
- licença
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Autors i editors de Wikipedia
Zepina
(
Haitiano; Crioulo Haitiano
)
fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages
- licença
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Otè ak editè Wikipedia
அரைக்கீரை
(
Tâmil
)
fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages
அரைக்கீரை (
ஒலிப்பு ) அல்லது குப்பை கீரை என்பது தமிழர் சமையலில் இடம்பெறும் கீரைகளில் ஒன்றாகும். சித்த மருத்துவத்தில் காய்ச்சல், குளிர் சன்னி, கப நோய் போன்ற நோய்களுக்கு மருந்தாக இக்கீரை கூறப்பட்டுள்ளது. தோசை, கூட்டு, சூப், கூட்டல், வடை, மசியல் என பல வகைகளில் அரைக்கீரையை உணவில் சேர்த்துக் கொள்ளலாம். இது கீரையாகத் தெற்காசியாவிலும் தென்கிழக்காசியாவிலும் .[1] ஆப்பிரிக்காவிலும் போற்றி உண்ணப்படுகிறது.[2] அரைக்கீரை உடலுக்கு வெப்பத்தை கொடுப்பதினால் மகப்பேறு பெற்ற பெண்களுக்கு ஒரு முக்கிய உணவாக அளிக்கபடுகிறது. அதோடு பிரசவத்தால் எற்படும் உடல் மெலிவை போக்கி, உடலுக்குச் சக்தியையும், பலத்தையும் கொடுக்கின்றது.[3]
மேற்கோள்கள்
-
↑ Edible Amaranth
-
↑ Grubben, G.J.H. & Denton, O.A. (2004) Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2. Vegetables. PROTA Foundation, Wageningen; Backhuys, Leiden; CTA, Wageningen.
-
↑ Arai Keerai Benefits in Tamil
- licença
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- விக்கிபீடியா ஆசிரியர்கள் மற்றும் ஆசிரியர்கள்
அரைக்கீரை: Brief Summary
(
Tâmil
)
fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages
அரைக்கீரை (ஒலிப்பு ) அல்லது குப்பை கீரை என்பது தமிழர் சமையலில் இடம்பெறும் கீரைகளில் ஒன்றாகும். சித்த மருத்துவத்தில் காய்ச்சல், குளிர் சன்னி, கப நோய் போன்ற நோய்களுக்கு மருந்தாக இக்கீரை கூறப்பட்டுள்ளது. தோசை, கூட்டு, சூப், கூட்டல், வடை, மசியல் என பல வகைகளில் அரைக்கீரையை உணவில் சேர்த்துக் கொள்ளலாம். இது கீரையாகத் தெற்காசியாவிலும் தென்கிழக்காசியாவிலும் . ஆப்பிரிக்காவிலும் போற்றி உண்ணப்படுகிறது. அரைக்கீரை உடலுக்கு வெப்பத்தை கொடுப்பதினால் மகப்பேறு பெற்ற பெண்களுக்கு ஒரு முக்கிய உணவாக அளிக்கபடுகிறது. அதோடு பிரசவத்தால் எற்படும் உடல் மெலிவை போக்கி, உடலுக்குச் சக்தியையும், பலத்தையும் கொடுக்கின்றது.
- licença
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- விக்கிபீடியா ஆசிரியர்கள் மற்றும் ஆசிரியர்கள்
Byaekroem
(
Zhuang; Chuang
)
fornecido por wikipedia emerging_languages
Byaekroem（苋菜）, gij mbaw de dwg luenxyingz roxnaeuz lingzyingz, gij saej ndaw ganj de dwg mbwk lai. Gwn gij byaekroem naengz cawzseuq gij ndiepdoeg.
- licença
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Wikipedia authors and editors
Amaranthus dubius
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por wikipedia EN
Amaranthus dubius, the red spinach, Chinese spinach, (simplified Chinese: 苋菜; traditional Chinese: 莧菜; pinyin: xiàncài), spleen amaranth, hon-toi-moi, yin choy, hsien tsai, or Arai keerai (அரை கீரை) is a plant species. It belongs to the economically important family Amaranthaceae.
This plant is native to South America, Mexico, and the West Indies, however; it is widely introduced throughout the world. The species occurs locally in France and Germany and is naturalized or invasive in tropical and subtropical regions of the United States (Florida and Hawaii), Africa, Asia, Australia and the Pacific.[1]
Description
Usually it grows to a size of 80–120 centimetres (31–47 in). It has both green and red varieties, as well as some with mixed colors. The green variety is practically indistinguishable from Amaranthus viridis.
It flowers from summer to fall in the tropics, but can flower throughout the year in subtropical conditions. It is a ruderal species, usually found in waste places or disturbed habitats.
Amaranthus dubius is considered to be a morphologically deviant allopolyploid. It is very close genetically to Amaranthus spinosus and other Amaranthus species.
As food
This species is valued as a leafy vegetable throughout South and Southeast Asia[2] and also in Africa.[3] It may be eaten raw in thoran or cooked in curry[4] and bhajis.[5] In Uganda, it is commonly cooked with onions, tomatoes and peanut sauce.[6]
References
- licença
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Wikipedia authors and editors
Amaranthus dubius: Brief Summary
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por wikipedia EN
Amaranthus dubius, the red spinach, Chinese spinach, (simplified Chinese: 苋菜; traditional Chinese: 莧菜; pinyin: xiàncài), spleen amaranth, hon-toi-moi, yin choy, hsien tsai, or Arai keerai (அரை கீரை) is a plant species. It belongs to the economically important family Amaranthaceae.
This plant is native to South America, Mexico, and the West Indies, however; it is widely introduced throughout the world. The species occurs locally in France and Germany and is naturalized or invasive in tropical and subtropical regions of the United States (Florida and Hawaii), Africa, Asia, Australia and the Pacific.
- licença
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Wikipedia authors and editors
Amaranthus dubius
(
Espanhol; Castelhano
)
fornecido por wikipedia ES
Amaranthus dubius es una especie de las Fanerógamas. Crece hasta 2,5 m de altura. A. dubius Mart. es conocida comúnmente como pira dulce, bledo o bleo. Es suculenta de color morado rojizo, florescencia verde cremosa reunida en espigas compactas.[1]
Descripción
Planta anual que alcanza un tamaño de 0.05–0.6 m de alto, tallos postrados, ascendentes o erectos, las ramas surgiendo generalmente cerca de la base, glabros o hacia arriba a veces con dispersos tricomas cortos; monoicas. Hojas rómbico-ovadas o angostamente elípticas, 1–2.5 (–4) cm de largo y 0.7–1.4 (–2.5) cm de ancho, redondeadas o ligeramente emarginadas en el ápice, cuneadas o atenuadas en la base, glabras. Cimas más o menos completas, inflorescencia completamente laxa de cimas distantes con hojas caulinares subyacentes o con la parte superior terminal compacta y espiciforme, la flor central de cada cima estaminada, bráctea angostamente triangular u ovada de 0.9–2 mm de largo, nervio principal cortamente excurrente, bractéolas obviamente más cortas que las flores, las 2 inferiores ampliamente lanceoladas, 0.7–1.4 mm de largo, nervio principal verde y cortamente excurrente, las superiores similares; flores estaminadas con 5 tépalos iguales, angostamente lanceolados, 1.2–1.5 mm de largo, más anchos cerca de la mitad, mucronados, filamentos 0.7–1.5 mm de largo, anteras 0.4–0.7 mm de largo; flores pistiladas con 5 tépalos iguales, angostamente ligulados, 1.3–2 mm de largo, ligeramente más anchos arriba de la mitad, obtusos o mucronados en el ápice, endurecidos y cortamente connados en la base, con 1–2 nervios laterales en la mitad superior, nervio principal verde, escariosos, estilo 0.2–0.3 mm de largo, engrosado y con apariencia esponjosa, estigmas 3, 0.2–0.3 mm de largo. Utrículo gruesamente rugulado, circuncísil; semilla gruesamente lenticular,0.9–1 mm de diámetro, lisa y lustrosa, café obscura.[2]
Distribución, hábitat y control
Es una especie muy frecuente y está en sitios transitados o en alrededores abandonados de viviendas y sabana. Heliconia y se reproduce por semillas. Parece ser que bajo ciertas condiciones puede ser tóxica al ganado por la acumulación de nitratos.
El control preemergente se logra mediante el uso de diferentes sustancias químicas empleadas en agronomía, como: ureas sustituidas, Triazina y pendimentalín.
El control postemergente se logra con Picloran, Dicamba, Paraquat y Glifosato.
Florece de verano a otoño en el trópico, y en los subtrópicos florece en varias estaciones. Se lo encuentra en lugares de basura e inhabitados. Se la introdujo a Florida, las Antillas, Sudamérica, y naturalizada localmente en Europa, Asia, y África.
A. dubius es un desvío morfológico alopoliploide. Está muy cerca genéticamente de Amaranthus spinosus y de otras Amaranthaceae. Se creyó que era un híbrido de A. spinosus con otra Amaranthus hybridus o Amaranthus quitensis.
Taxonomía
Amaranthus dubius fue descrito por Mart. ex Thell. y publicado en La flore adventice de Montpellier 203. 1912.[2]
- Etimología
Amaranthus: nombre genérico que procede del griego amaranthos, que significa "flor que no se marchita".[3]
dubius: epíteto latino que significa "dudoso, incierto".[4]
- Sinonimia
-
Amaranthus dubius var. flexuosus Thell.
-
Amaranthus dubius var. leptostachys Thell.
-
Amaranthus dubius var. xanthostachys Thell.
-
Amaranthus tristis Willd.
-
Amaranthus tristis var. flexuosus Moq.
-
Amaranthus tristis var. xanthostachys Moq.[5]
Referencias
Taxonomía, información científica y distribución
Bibliografía
- CONABIO. 2009. Catálogo taxonómico de especies de México. 1. In Capital Nat. México. CONABIO, Mexico City.
- Correa A., M. D., C. Galdames & M. N. S. Stapf. 2004. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Panamá 1–599. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama.
- Cowan, C. P. 1983. Flora de Tabasco. Listados Floríst. México 1: 1–123.
- Dodson, C. H., A. H. Gentry & F. M. Valverde Badillo. 1985. Fl. Jauneche 1–512. Banco Central del Ecuador, Quito.
- Eliasson, U. H. 1987. 44. Amaranthaceae. 28: 1–138. In G. W. Harling & B. B. Sparre (eds.) Fl. Ecuador. University of Göteborg and Swedish Museum of Natural History, Göteborg and Stockholm.
- Flora of North America Editorial Committee, e. 2003. Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1. 4: i–xxiv, 1–559. In Fl. N. Amer.. Oxford University Press, New York.
- Funk, V. A., P. E. Berry, S. Alexander, T. H. Hollowell & C. L. Kelloff. 2007. Checklist of the Plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55: 1–584.
- Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. Welman, E. Reitief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. v. Wyk & A. Nicholas. 1987. List of species of southern African plants. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa 2(1–2): 1–152(pt. 1), 1–270(pt. 2).
- Hokche, O., P. E. Berry & O. Huber. 2008. 1–860. In O. Hokche, P. E. Berry & O. Huber Nuevo Cat. Fl. Vasc. Venezuela. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela, Caracas.
- Idárraga-Piedrahíta, A., R. D. C. Ortiz, R. Callejas Posada & M. Merello. 2011. Flora de Antioquia. Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares, vol. 2. Listado de las Plantas Vasculares del Departamento de Antioquia. Pp. 1-939.
- Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez. (eds.) 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75: i–viii, 1–1181.
- Lawesson, J. E., H. Adsersen & P. Bentley. 1987. An updated and annotated check list of the vascular plants of the Galapagos Islands. Rep. Bot. Inst. Univ. Aarhus 16: 1–74.
- Macbride, J. F. 1937. Amaranthaceae, Flora of Peru. Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13(2/2): 478–518.
- licença
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Autores y editores de Wikipedia
Amaranthus dubius: Brief Summary
(
Espanhol; Castelhano
)
fornecido por wikipedia ES
Amaranthus dubius es una especie de las Fanerógamas. Crece hasta 2,5 m de altura. A. dubius Mart. es conocida comúnmente como pira dulce, bledo o bleo. Es suculenta de color morado rojizo, florescencia verde cremosa reunida en espigas compactas.
![src=]()
Inflorescencia
![src=]()
Vista de la planta
- licença
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Autores y editores de Wikipedia
Blužninis burnotis
(
Lituano
)
fornecido por wikipedia LT
- licença
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Vikipedijos autoriai ir redaktoriai
Amaranthus dubius
(
Vietnamita
)
fornecido por wikipedia VI
Amaranthus dubius là loài thực vật có hoa thuộc họ Dền. Loài này được Mart. ex Thell. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1912.[1]
Tham khảo
Liên kết ngoài
- licença
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
Amaranthus dubius: Brief Summary
(
Vietnamita
)
fornecido por wikipedia VI
Amaranthus dubius là loài thực vật có hoa thuộc họ Dền. Loài này được Mart. ex Thell. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1912.
- licença
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
假刺莧
(
Chinês
)
fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Amaranthus dubiusMart. ex Thell., 1912 假刺莧（学名：Amaranthus dubius）为莧科莧屬下的一个种。
参考文献
扩展阅读
这是一篇
莧科小作品。你可以通过
编辑或修订扩充其内容。
假刺莧: Brief Summary
(
Chinês
)
fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
假刺莧（学名：Amaranthus dubius）为莧科莧屬下的一个种。
Bài viết về phân họ Dền này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. 
这是一篇莧科小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。 
