Diagnostic Description
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fornecido por Fishbase
Ocular band of adult specimens uniformly dark (Ref. 5327). Yellowish silvery or dusky, with a black (or dusky) bar through eye and another dark bar from dorsal-fin origin across rear edge of operculum and pectoral-fin base to belly, where it usually encloses a black blotch, with another smaller black vertical streak often present at origin of anal fin. Median fins dusky yellow, with black margins posteriorly. Pelvic fins yellow, dusky yellow or blackish. Body orbicular and strongly compressed, its depth more than twice length of head and 0.9 to 1.2 times SL. Head length 2.7 to 3.5 times in SL. Large adults (above 35 cm standard length) with bony hump from top of head to interorbital region, the front head profile almost vertical. Interorbital width 42 to 50% head length. Jaws with bands of slender, flattened, tricuspid teeth, the middle cusp slightly longer than lateral cusps. Vomer with a few teeth, but none on palatines. Five pores on each side of lower jaw. Preopercle smooth. Opercle without spines (Ref 43039).
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Migration
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Amphidromous. Refers to fishes that regularly migrate between freshwater and the sea (in both directions), but not for the purpose of breeding, as in anadromous and catadromous species. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.Characteristic elements in amphidromy are: reproduction in fresh water, passage to sea by newly hatched larvae, a period of feeding and growing at sea usually a few months long, return to fresh water of well-grown juveniles, a further period of feeding and growing in fresh water, followed by reproduction there (Ref. 82692).
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Morphology
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Dorsal spines (total): 5 - 6; Dorsal soft rays (total): 28 - 37; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 22 - 28
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Trophic Strategy
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Large adults live in sheltered bays as well as deep offshore. Commonly found around shipwrecks in small groups and occasionally forms large schools. Small juveniles with floating debris and form aggregations as they find each other. They can be pelagic to large sizes and form schools under large Sargassum rafts that usually form after the wet season (Ref. 48637). Juveniles inhabit shallow protected inner reefs while adults occur in lagoon and seaward reefs to a depth of 20 m or more (Ref. 1602). Active carnivore (Ref. 42247). Young fish are usually seen hovering under coral heads or in the shadows of boat moorings (Ref. 54301). Also Ref. 58652, 93199.
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Biology
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Large adults live in sheltered bays as well as deep offshore. Commonly found around shipwrecks in small groups and occasionally forms large schools. Small juveniles with floating debris and form aggregations as they find each other. They can be pelagic to large sizes and form schools under large Sargassum rafts that usually form after the wet season (Ref. 48637). Juveniles inhabit shallow protected inner reefs while adults occur in lagoon and seaward reefs to a depth of 20 m or more. Edible but not esteemed (Ref. 12484). Not an important game fish (Ref. 12484).
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Importance
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fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: commercial; price category: low; price reliability: questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this genus
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分布
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Inglês
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fornecido por The Fish Database of Taiwan
分布於印度-太平洋區，西起紅海、非洲東部，東至巴布新幾內亞，北至日本南部，南至澳洲。台灣分布於南部、北部、東北部、澎湖及綠島等海域。
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利用
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fornecido por The Fish Database of Taiwan
幼魚體態優美，個性獨立，又易於飼養。成魚反而較有個性，所以不易飼養。一般可由圍網、拖網及延繩釣所漁獲，為量少但味美之食用魚。
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描述
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fornecido por The Fish Database of Taiwan
體呈菱形，極側扁；頭部背面眼至吻部間稍凹，眼後至背部間突出；眼間隔寬小於眼徑。吻短而圓鈍。口下位；上下頜約等長，下頜具小孔5對；頜齒具三牙尖，等長；鋤骨具齒，腭骨無齒。體被小櫛鱗；側線弧形，側線鱗數44-52；背鰭單一，背鰭硬棘與軟條無缺刻，硬棘V或VI，埋於鰭前緣，軟條29-34；臀鰭硬棘III，軟條21-26，背、臀鰭前方鰭條均延長，呈鐮刀狀；腹鰭延長；尾鰭截形或雙凹形，上下葉或延長。體銀黃色或暗，腹部較淺；體側含眼帶共具三條黑色寬橫帶；奇鰭具黑邊；尾鰭基黑色，鰭條黃褐色。
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棲地
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fornecido por The Fish Database of Taiwan
幼魚比較孤僻，只愛一個人在淺海域中活動，因為體色為枯黃褐色，會擬態成枯葉，漂在水面的漂浮物之下躲藏。成魚變得交遊廣闊，喜歡成群結隊在較深的珊瑚礁斜坡上活動。以浮游生物及藻類為主食。容易和潛水者親近
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Platax teira
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fornecido por wikipedia EN
Platax teira, also known as the teira batfish, longfin batfish, longfin spadefish, or round faced batfish is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Ephippidae, the spadefishes and batfishes. This species is found in the Indo-West Pacific.
Taxonomy
Platax teira was first formally described as Chaetodon teira by the Swedish-speaking Finnish explorer, orientalist, naturalist Peter Forsskål with its type locality given as Al Luḩayyah on the Red Sea coast of Yemen.[3] This species was descinated as the type species of the genus Platax by Pieter Bleeker in 1876, Platax belongs to the family Ephippidae[4] in the order Moroniformes.[5] The specific name teira is a latinisation of the Arabic teyra the name given to the juveniles in Yemen.[6]
Description
Platax teira has a dark blotch under the pectoral fin, with another long dark mark above the base of the anal fin. Looked at from the side, it has a roughly circular body with a low hump on the nape. This fish is usually silver, grey or brownish. It has a blackish band through the eye and another band with the pectoral fin. They will change colour from silvery white with no bands, to brown with darker banding as you watch, and then fade back to silver again.[7] This species has a maximum published total length of 70 cm (28 in).[2] The very small juveniles are brownish in colour and look like floating leaves. The larger juveniles have the pelvic fins and front soft rays of the dorsal and anal fins highly elongated, extending to around the psteriot of the base of the anal fin.[8]
Distribution and habitat
Platax teira has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution from the Red Sea and East Africa to Papua New Guinea, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to Australia. It has also been recorded in the Bay of Islands in New Zealand.[2] In Australia it can be found from the central coast of Western Australia, around the tropical north of the country and south to the southern coast of New South Wales.[7] In India it was reported from the Gulf of Mannar following the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami.[9] It has been reported twice recently in the Mediterranean Sea,[10] off Turkey[11] and Israel.[12]
Long-fin Batfish (Platax teira) in transitional stage between juvenile and adult.
They are known to reside among floating seaweed, debris, and artificial reefs.[13] The species occurs in shallow coastal habitats to deeper offshore.[7]
Biology
Platax teira is an omnivore. It will eat plankton, sessile invertebrates, small invertebrates, and marine algae.[14] The small juveniles stay among floating debris, forming aggregations as the individual fishes find each other. At larger sizes they increasinglt become more pelagic and will form sizeable schools which shelter beneath large rafts of Sargassum that typically form following the wet season.[2]
Utilisation
In the aquarium
They are a very peaceful and social fish and will form schools with others of their species. They should not be kept with very aggressive species that may harass them as juveniles. Teira batfish are usually rather small when first purchased, but they will rapidly outgrow a small home aquarium to reach a maximum size of 24".[14]
Fisheries
Platax teira is caught using hook-and-line, palisade traps, spear, trawls and hand nets.[15] The flesh is not valued[2] and may have an excellent flavour or taste rank and weedy.[15]
Gallery
Teira batfish in Egyptian Red Sea, 2010
Teira batfish at Maedamisaki Okinawa, 2009
Batfish near Comores, Indian Ocean
References
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^ Carpenter, K.E.; Robertson, R. (2019). "Platax teira". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T54007396A54023123. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T54007396A54023123.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
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^ a b c d e Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2023). "Platax teira" in FishBase. February 2023 version.
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^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Platax". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
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^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Ephippidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
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^ J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 495–497. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
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^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (12 January 2021). "Order ACANTHURIFORMES (part 2): Families EPHIPPIDAE, LEIOGNATHIDAE, SCATOPHAGIDAE, ANTIGONIIDAE, SIGANIDAE, CAPROIDAE, LUVARIDAE, ZANCLIDAE and ACANTHURIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
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^ a b c Mark McGrouther (6 May 2022). "Roundface Batfish, Platax teira Forsskål, 1775". Australian Museum. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
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^ Bray, D.J. (2019). "Platax teira". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
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^ Marimuthu, N.; J.J. Wilson; and A.K. Kumaraguru (2005). "Teira batfish, Platax teira (Forsskal, 1775) in Pudhumadam coastal waters, drifted due to the tsunami of 26 December 2004". Current Science. 89 (8): 1310–1312.
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^ Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea (Platax teira). 2nd Edition. 2021. 366p. CIESM Publishers, Paris, Monaco.https://ciesm.org/atlas/fishes_2nd_edition/Platax_teira.pdf
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^ Bilecenoglu, M., & Kaya, M. (2006). A new alien fish in the Mediterranean Sea–Platax teira (Forsskål, 1775)(Osteichthyes: Ephippidae). Aquatic Invasions, 1(2), 80-83.
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^ Daniel Golani; Oren Sonin & Dor Edelist (2011). "Second records of the Lessepsian fish migrants Priacanthus sagittarius and Platax teira and distribution extension of Tylerius spinosissimus in the Mediterranean". Aquatic Invasions. 6 (1, supplement): s7–s11. doi:10.3391/ai.2011.6.S1.002.
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^ Ketabi, Ramin. "Platax teira". Aquatic Commons. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute.
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^ a b "Teira Batfish, (Platax teira) Species Profile, Teira Batfish, (Platax teira) Hobbyist Guide, Teira Batfish, (Platax teira) Care Instructions, Teira Batfish care, Feeding and more. :: Aquarium Domain.com". AquariumDomain.
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^ a b P. C. Heemstra (2001). "Ephippidae (spadefishes (batfishes)". In Carpenter, K.E. & Neim, Volker H. (eds.). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific Volume 5: Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae) (PDF). FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO Rome. p. 3619.
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Platax teira: Brief Summary
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Inglês
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fornecido por wikipedia EN
Platax teira, also known as the teira batfish, longfin batfish, longfin spadefish, or round faced batfish is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Ephippidae, the spadefishes and batfishes. This species is found in the Indo-West Pacific.
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