Arrhenophanes volcanica Walsingham 1912

Arrhenophanes volcanica Walsingham

Arrhenophanes volcanica Walsingham, 1913:206.—Davis, 1984:25

MALE (Figures 122, 123).—Forewing length 11–16 mm.

Head: Vestiture similar to A. perspicilla, mostly off-white, frons more cream. Antenna 58–61-segmented, approximately two-fifths length of forewing; scape and flagellum similar to A. perspicilla. Labial palpus similar to A. perspicilla but with dark fuscous scaling barely extending onto dorsum of segment III.

Thorax: Similar to A. perspicilla. Forewing pattern closely resembling that of A. perspicilla except with large discal cream spot more semicircular, with basal margin more parallel to body, and without extended basal-caudal angle. Hindwing similar to that of A. perspicilla but pattern much more distinct, with irregular, alternating bands of off-white and brown; small black spots located at outer margin near M1–M2 and A2. Legs similar in color pattern to A.perspicilla.

Abdomen (Figure 124): Similar to A. perspicilla in color.

Genitalia (Figures 231–234): Vinculum-saccus T-shaped; vinculum a narrow ventral band; saccus very slender, with swollen anterior end, ∼3× length of vinculum. Apotheca enlarged, more than 2 × length of saccus. Caudal apex of anellus very slender. Valva with apical lobe irregularly furcate, each fork terminating in 3 or 4 irregularly curved teeth (Figure 233); apex of cucullus bifurcate, ventral fork noticeably longer. Aedoeagus extremely slender, elongate, ∼0.8 × length of valva; vitta more than 2 × length of aedeoagus.

FEMALE.—Forewing length 16–22 mm. Antenna approximately one-third length of forewing, 48–50-segmented, scape and flagellum similar to A. perspicilla. Color pattern similar to male.

Abdomen: Similar to that of A. perspicilla.

Genitalia (Figure 255): Lamella vaginalis with caudal margin sinuate, not deeply cleft. Antrum well developed, noticeably stouter than that of A. perspicilla, almost 0.75 × length of anterior apophysis; anterior two-thirds of ductus bursae greatly constricted to a slender, membranous tube. Ductus seminalis normal, only slightly longer that anterior apophysis, joining ductus bursae near middle of latter. Corpus bursae and spermatheca similar to that of A. perspicilla.

TYPE.—Lectotype (present designation); GUATEMALA: QUEZALTENANGO: Cerro Zunil, 4000–5000 ft [1220–1524 m] (BMNH). Throughout his treatment of the Heterocera in volume 4 of the Biologia Centrali-Americana, Walsingham consistently selected both a “type” male and “type” female, whenever both sexes were present in the series before him. Any additional specimens were considered “PT” (paratype). To insure that only one specimen represents the type of this species, I have selected the male “type” as lectotype.

FLIGHT PERIOD.—Over its broad range, adults of this species have been collected throughout the year. Likewise in Costa Rica, adults are recorded from almost every month.

DISTRIBUTION (Map 9).—The geographical range of this species is similar to that of A. perspicilla, being found in much of the lowland Neotropical Region, from the Mexican state of Veracruz to Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil; it is absent from the West Indies.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—BRAZIL: AMAZONAS: Fonte Boa: 1 , May 1906, M. de Matham (BMNH). Manaus, Reserva Ducke, km 26 Itacoatiara Hwy: 1 , Apr 1972; 1 , 20 Apr 1972, E.G & E.A. Munroe (CNC). Pebas: 1 , Nov 1906, M. de Matham (BMNH). Rio Purus, Hyutanaha: 1 , Mar 1922, S.M. Kluges (CMNH), Rio Purus, Miracena: 1 , Apr 1922, S.M. Kluges (CMNH). ESPIRITO SANTO: Linhares, 40 m: 1 , 16–18 Sep 1991, V.O. Becker, 80830 (VOB). MATO GROSSO DO SUL: Corumbá, 600 m: 1 , 20–22 Apr 1985, V.O. Becker (VOB). PARÁ: Marabá 50 m: 1 , 9 Jan 1977, V.O. Becker (VOB). RIO GRANDE DO SUL: Hamburgo Velho: 3 , 21 Nov 1920, Schwarz (BMNH). RONDONIA: Cacaulândia, 140 m: 1 , Dec 1991, V.O. Becker, 80186 (VOB). Porto Velho: 1 , Feb–Mar 1926, A. Moss (BMNH); 189 m: 1 , 24 Apr–12 May 1989, V.O. Becker, 76308 (USNM). SANTA CATARINA: Rio Laeiss, Nova Bremen: 2 , Jan 1932 (BMNH). [locality not stated]: 1 , [no date] (BMNH); 1 , Coll. Staudinger (MNHU). “Sta. Catherine”: 1 , [no date] (USNM). SÃO PAULO: Sào Paulo: 1 , [no date], H. von Hering (USNM). COLOMBIA: CHOCO: Chigorodó: 1 , 27 Feb 1974, A. Lopez, 74–7350, ex Polyporus (USNM). El Tigre, Rio Tamana, Rio San Juan: 3, Feb 1909, Palmer (BMNH). VALLE DEL CAUCA: Bajo Calima, C.C.HQ., 300 ft [92 m]: 1 , 19 Jan 1988, J.B. Sullivan (USNM). COSTA RICA: CARTAGO: 3 km S Casa Mata, 16 km S San Isidro de Tejar, 1800 m: 1 , 4 Dec 1983, Janzen & Hallwachs (USNM). Cachi: 2 , Oct 1912, Lankester (BMNH); 1 , [no date] (USNM). LIMON: Sector Cerro Cocori, Finca de E. Rojas, 150 m: 1 , Apr 1991; 1 , Jul 1991, E. Rojas (INBIO). PUNTARENAS: Buenos Aires, La Amistad, Sector Altamira: 1 , 21 Feb–10 Mar 1984; 1 , Nov 1993; 1 , Dec 1993, R. Delgado (INBIO). Estación Esquinas, Península de Osa, Area Conservación Osa, 200 m: 1 , Jul 1993, M. Segura (INBIO). Estación Quebrada Bonita, Reserva Biológica Carará, 50 m: 2 , Jun 1991; 1 , 1 , Sep 1989; 1 , Oct 1989; 1 , Nov 1989, R. Zuñiga (INBIO). Estación Sirena, Parque Nacional Corcovado, 0–100 m: 1 , Feb 1990; 1 , Mar 1991; 1 , May 1991; 1 , Oct 1989; 1 , Nov 1991; 3 , Nov 1989, G Fonseca (INBIO). SANJOSE: Estación Carrillo, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, 700 m: 1 , May 1985, I. & A. Chacón (DHJ). PROVINCE.?: [locality not stated]: 1 , [no date] (BMNH). ECUADOR: Dos Puentes, Kil. 99, 1700 ft [519 m]: 1 , Jan 1929, W.J. Cokey (CMNH). NAPO: Mishualli Jungle Hotel, on Napo River, 1200 ft [366 m]: 1 , 7–19 Sep 1997, R. Leuschner (UCB). FRENCH GUIANA: SAINT LAURENT DU MARONI: St.-Jean, Maroni: 1 , [no date] (USNM). GUATEMALA: IZABAL: Cayuga: 1 , Jan 1917; 1 , Jan 1918, Schaus & Barnes (USNM). QUEZALTENANGO: Cerro Zunil, 4000–5000 ft [1220–1524 m]: 1 , Aug–Sep 1880, G Champion, “Type ” (BMNH). MEXICO: CHIAPAS: [locality not stated]: 1 , [no date], C. Hoffman (USNM). VERACRUZ: Cordoba: 1 , 6 Jul 1966, J. Buckett, M. & R. Gardner (UCB). Huatusco, 1300 m: 1 , 19–23 Aug 1981, V.O. Becker, 44056 (VOB). Misantla: 1 , [no date], Guglemann (BMNH); 1 , Jul 1911, R. Muller, slide USNM 28472 (USNM). NICARAGUA: [locality not stated]: 1 , 22 Dec 1927 (USNM). PANAMA: CANAL ZONE: Barro Colorado Island: 1 , 16 Mar 1979, Silberglied & Aiello (USNM). CHIRIQUI: Volcan Chiriqui, 2000–3000 ft [610–914 m]: 1 (paralectotype), 1881, Champion, “Type ” (BMNH). PERU: CUZCO: Quincemil, 780 m: 1 , 15–20 Oct 1962, L. Peña (CNC). PUNO: La Unión, Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya: 2 , [no date], Ockenden (BMNH). VENEZUELA: TACHIRA: 14 km E. Rubio: 1 , 24 Feb 1978, J.B. Heppner, slide USNM 23627 (USNM).

MAP 9.—Distribution of Arrhenophanes volcanica.

Arrhenophanes volcanica is a species of moth in the family Arrhenophanidae. It is found in much of the lowland Neotropical Region, from the Mexican state of Veracruz to Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil. It is absent from the West Indies.

The length of the forewings is 11–16 mm for males and 16–22 mm for females. Adults of this species have been collected throughout the year.