Leaf Blotch Miner Moths

Figure 1.Spinivalva gaucha adult, dorsal view: A wings spread, pinned, dorsal view B wings folded, on Passiflora actinia leaf. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.

Figures 5–10.Life history of Conopomorpha flueggella. 5 adult, holotype, male 6 female moth resting on a female flower at night 7 mature larva weaving pupal cocoon on a host leaf 8 pupa 9 pupal cocoon on a host leaf 10 infested fruit.

Figure 2.Phyllocnistis adults. A Phyllocnistis hyperpersea sp. n. (2.1 mm) B Phyllocnistis subpersea sp. n. (2.5 mm) C Phyllocnistis longipalpa sp. n. (2.6 mm) D Phyllocnistis perseafolia sp. n. (3.0 mm). (Drawn approximately to scale; forewing length in parentheses.)

Figure 11.Diaphanized portion and histological sections of a Passiflora actinia leaf, showing through transparency the organization levels ofa Spinivalva gaucha mine in relation to larval ontogeny: A general aspect of the mine, containing a last-instar larva; Roman numerals indicate larval instar numbers and corresponding positions of head capsules in the mine; closed arrow indicates the beginning of the mine B detail of head capsule shed by the fourth-instar larva (bar indicates position used for measurement of head-capsule width) C transverse section of serpentine portion of the mine (location indicated by the horizontal dashed line in A) D transverse section of blotch portion of the mine (location indicated by the vertical dashed line in A) E transverse section of intact portion of leaf lamina (indicated by left arrow in D) F transverse section of mined portion of leaf lamina (indicated by right arrow in D). Ab abaxial surface of epidermis; Ad adaxial surface of epidermis; Lm leaf mine; Pp palisade parenchyma; Sp spongy parenchyma. Scale bars =1.5, 0.15, 2.0, 3.0 mm; 500, 600 µm, respectively.

Figures 11–14.Genitalia of two gracillariidspecies. 11 Conopomorpha flueggella, male, paratype, slide No. BHY07239 12 Epicephala relictella, male, slide No. BHY07296 13 Conopomorpha flueggella, female, paratype, slide No. HBB09034 14 Epicephala relictella, female, slide No. BHY08143.

Figure 3.Phyllocnistis leafmines. A Phyllocnistis hyperpersea sp. n., upper-side mine on Persea borbonia B Phyllocnistis subpersea sp. n., lower side mine on Persea borbonia. Pupal crypts indicated by arrows in A and C. C Phyllocnistis perseafolia sp. n., lower-side mine on Persea americana (~ 15 cm).

Figure 1.Spinivalva gaucha adult, dorsal view: A wings spread, pinned, dorsal view B wings folded, on Passiflora actinia leaf. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.

Figures 11–14.Genitalia of two gracillariidspecies. 11 Conopomorpha flueggella, male, paratype, slide No. BHY07239 12 Epicephala relictella, male, slide No. BHY07296 13 Conopomorpha flueggella, female, paratype, slide No. HBB09034 14 Epicephala relictella, female, slide No. BHY08143.

Figure 5.Late instar sapfeeding larvae. A Phyllocnistis hyperpersea sp. n. (length 4.3 mm) B Phyllocnistis subpersea sp. n. (length 4.4 mm).

Figure 11.Diaphanized portion and histological sections of a Passiflora actinia leaf, showing through transparency the organization levels ofa Spinivalva gaucha mine in relation to larval ontogeny: A general aspect of the mine, containing a last-instar larva; Roman numerals indicate larval instar numbers and corresponding positions of head capsules in the mine; closed arrow indicates the beginning of the mine B detail of head capsule shed by the fourth-instar larva (bar indicates position used for measurement of head-capsule width) C transverse section of serpentine portion of the mine (location indicated by the horizontal dashed line in A) D transverse section of blotch portion of the mine (location indicated by the vertical dashed line in A) E transverse section of intact portion of leaf lamina (indicated by left arrow in D) F transverse section of mined portion of leaf lamina (indicated by right arrow in D). Ab abaxial surface of epidermis; Ad adaxial surface of epidermis; Lm leaf mine; Pp palisade parenchyma; Sp spongy parenchyma. Scale bars =1.5, 0.15, 2.0, 3.0 mm; 500, 600 µm, respectively.

Figure 6.Phyllocnistis hyperpersea sp. n. pupa. A Head, ventral view (176 µm) B Head, lateral view (200 µm) C Dorsal spines of abdominal tergum 5 (76 µm) D Lateral view of C (60 µm) E Abdominal sterna 6-10 (100 µm) F Scattered spinules of sternum 6 (100 µm). (Length of bar scales shown in parentheses.)

Figure 7.Phyllocnistis hyperpersea sp. n. pupa. A Abdominal terga 6-10 (100 µm) B Abdominal sterna 6-10 (100 µm) C Caudal end of abdomen (100 µm) D Lateral view of abdominal segments 6-10 (100 µm). (Length of bar scales shown in parentheses.)

Figure 16.Phyllocnistis hyperpersea sp. n. genitalia. A Male, ventral view B Mesal view of valva C Aedeagus D Female, lateral view E Ventral view of D segments 7-10.

Figure 2.Phyllocnistis adults. A Phyllocnistis hyperpersea sp. n. (2.1 mm) B Phyllocnistis subpersea sp. n. (2.5 mm) C Phyllocnistis longipalpa sp. n. (2.6 mm) D Phyllocnistis perseafolia sp. n. (3.0 mm). (Drawn approximately to scale; forewing length in parentheses.)

Figure 3.Phyllocnistis leafmines. A Phyllocnistis hyperpersea sp. n., upper-side mine on Persea borbonia B Phyllocnistis subpersea sp. n., lower side mine on Persea borbonia. Pupal crypts indicated by arrows in A and C. C Phyllocnistis perseafolia sp. n., lower-side mine on Persea americana (~ 15 cm).

Figure 5.Late instar sapfeeding larvae. A Phyllocnistis hyperpersea sp. n. (length 4.3 mm) B Phyllocnistis subpersea sp. n. (length 4.4 mm).

Figure 8.Phyllocnistis subpersea sp. n. head of sapfeeding larva, late instar A Dorsal view (100 µm) B Detail of labrum and antennae in A (10 µm) C Ventral view (100 µm) D Detail of labium in C (10 µm) E Spinneret (10 µm) F Anterior view of head (100 µm). (Length of bar scales shown in parentheses.)

Figure 13.Phyllocnistis subpersea sp. n. pupa. A Lateral seta of abdominal segment 6 (10 µm) B Caudal end of abdomen (100 µm) C Abdominal sterna 6-10 (100 µm) D Scattered spinules of abdominal sternum 6, (100 µm) E Abdominal sterna 8-10 (100 µm) F Abdominal terga 8-10 (100 µm). (Length of bar scales shown in parentheses.)

Figure 17.Phyllocnistis subpersea sp. n. genitalia. A Male, ventral view B Mesal view of valva C Aedeagus D Female, lateral view E Ventral view of D segments 7-10.

Figure 2.Phyllocnistis adults. A Phyllocnistis hyperpersea sp. n. (2.1 mm) B Phyllocnistis subpersea sp. n. (2.5 mm) C Phyllocnistis longipalpa sp. n. (2.6 mm) D Phyllocnistis perseafolia sp. n. (3.0 mm). (Drawn approximately to scale; forewing length in parentheses.)

Figure 18.Phyllocnistis longipalpa sp. n. genitalia. A Male, ventral view B Mesal view of valva C Aedeagus D Female, lateral view E Ventral view of D segments 7-10.

Figure 2.Phyllocnistis adults. A Phyllocnistis hyperpersea sp. n. (2.1 mm) B Phyllocnistis subpersea sp. n. (2.5 mm) C Phyllocnistis longipalpa sp. n. (2.6 mm) D Phyllocnistis perseafolia sp. n. (3.0 mm). (Drawn approximately to scale; forewing length in parentheses.)

Figure 3.Phyllocnistis leafmines. A Phyllocnistis hyperpersea sp. n., upper-side mine on Persea borbonia B Phyllocnistis subpersea sp. n., lower side mine on Persea borbonia. Pupal crypts indicated by arrows in A and C. C Phyllocnistis perseafolia sp. n., lower-side mine on Persea americana (~ 15 cm).

Figure 4.Leafmines of Phyllocnistis perseafolia sp. n. on Persea americana. A General habitus, note lower side mine (arrow) B Leaf damage caused by upper and lower side larval mining.