Asterias is a genus of the Asteriidae family of sea stars. It includes several of the best-known species of sea stars, including the (Atlantic) common starfish, Asterias rubens, and the northern Pacific seastar, Asterias amurensis. The genus contains a total of eight species in all. All species have five arms and are native to shallow oceanic areas (the littoral zone) of cold to temperate parts of the Holarctic. These starfish have planktonic larvae. Asterias amurensis is an invasive species in Australia and can in some years become a pest in the Japanese mariculture industry.
The genus Asterias was first described by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae in 1758 when he published A. rubens. It was for a time the only species, but by the early 1800s a few dozen taxa had been described in this genus.
In 1825 Thomas Say listed six species native to the coasts of the United States (which at the time consisted of the east coast from Maine to Florida, which the US had just formally acquired from Spain a few years earlier). None of these species are accepted or recognised as Asterias today.[2]
Johannes Peter Müller and Franz Hermann Troschel worked on starfish systematics in 1840, renaming the genus Asteracanthion and splitting a number of new genera from it.
William Stimpson rejected Müller and Troschel's Asteracanthion in a paper presented on 4 December 1861, and named 16 new species, none of which are retained or included in Asterias at present.[3] In 1875 Edmond Perrier formally reduced Asteracanthion to a synonym.[1] Francis Jeffrey Bell listed 78 species in the genus in 1881, arranging them in some 16 unranked groupings (see artificial taxonomy).[4]
A few years later, in 1889, Percy Sladen counted 48 or 49 species in the genus. He split the genus into at least six subgenera, of which subgenus Asterias, section β of the Pentactinid (5-armed) section contained at least four species, three of which are still accepted in the genus today.[5]
In the early 1900s Addison Emery Verrill, working on the east coast of the US, added a number of new species to the genus, none of which are still in Asterias, and split the genus into numerous new genera and created new genera, moving almost all of the species now recognised as belonging to Asterias to his new genus of Allasterias. He accepted six species for the Pacific coasts of North America, none of which remain in Asterias at present.[6][7] Soon after, and in the following two decades, Walter Kenrick Fisher, working in California, synonymised or removed all of Verrill's species of Asterias, and synonymised Verrill's new genera of Allasterias and Parasterias with Asterias,[8] leaving the genus with four species, all of which are still recognised today.[9] Ryori Hayashi synonymised one further Japanese species in 1940, leaving the genus with three species known since the previous century, all of which are still recognised today.[10]
Alexander Michailovitsch Djakonov added two new species from Far East Russia in 1950 and reinstated the three species which were synonymised by Fisher and Hayashi, bringing the genus to eight species,[11] although it took until the 2000s for some zoologists from the United States to accept his new species.
Asterias, like most starfish genera in the order Forcipulatida, are recognisable externally by their pedicellariae, many thousands of tiny jaw-like structures on the skin which can snap shut to nip at prey or predators. Asterias has two types present -the major, also called straight, pedicellaria, which lie scattered across their skin, and the smaller minor, also called crossed, pedicellaria, which are found in tufts or wreaths around the large dorsal spines -these pedicellariae have tiny, rubbery stalks known as pedicels. Papulae are also present. All species normally have five arms. Internally, the exoskeleton also presents some diagnostic characters, such as the dorsal plates bearing only a single spine in their centre.[8]
Sladen distinguishes it from the genus Uniophora by the presence of spines on its abactinal plates, instead of large, spherical tubercles; and from Anasterias by the well-developed, reticulate, abactinal skeleton.[5]
The World Register of Marine Species includes the following species:[1] Distributions from Djakonov (1950).[11]
Asterias is a genus of the Asteriidae family of sea stars. It includes several of the best-known species of sea stars, including the (Atlantic) common starfish, Asterias rubens, and the northern Pacific seastar, Asterias amurensis. The genus contains a total of eight species in all. All species have five arms and are native to shallow oceanic areas (the littoral zone) of cold to temperate parts of the Holarctic. These starfish have planktonic larvae. Asterias amurensis is an invasive species in Australia and can in some years become a pest in the Japanese mariculture industry.
Asterias es un género de equinodermos asteroideos de la familia Asteriidae que incluye cinco especies. Incluye varias de las especies más conocidas de estrellas de mar, como la estrella de mar común (Asterias rubens).
Incluye las siguientes especies:[1]
Asterias es un género de equinodermos asteroideos de la familia Asteriidae que incluye cinco especies. Incluye varias de las especies más conocidas de estrellas de mar, como la estrella de mar común (Asterias rubens).
Meritäht (Asterias) on perekond meritähtede klassist.
Meritäht (Asterias) on perekond meritähtede klassist.
Asterias est un genre d'étoiles de mer, de la famille des Asteriidae.
Ce sont des étoiles régulières, munies de 5 bras (parfois plus ou moins suivant la prédation et la régénération). Leur surface est rugueuse et le squelette calcaire est en partie visible sous la forme de spicules de couleur beige. Ces espèces sont carnivores et se nourrissent notamment de bivalves.
Ce genre est commun sur les côtes européennes et nord-américaines[2], et souvent étudié en laboratoire de zoologie. Il contient l'« Étoile de mer commune », Asterias rubens, étoile la plus répandue en Europe atlantique.
Il est à noter qu'originellement, toutes les espèces d'étoiles de mer avaient été placées dans le genre Asterias par Carl von Linné, et il a fallu attendre ses successeurs pour que les étoiles de mer ne deviennent une classe au sein de l'embranchement des échinodermes, divisée en ordres, familles et genres. Ainsi, de nombreuses dénominations obsolètes rangent dans ce genre des étoiles qui n'en font plus partie selon l'état actuel de la science. Il y demeure aussi de nombreuses espèces à statut incertain (nomen dubium ou nomen nudum)[3].
Ainsi, Asterias glacialis, Asterias spinosa, Asterias angulosa, Asterias echinophora, Asterias madeirensis, Asterias africana et Asterias rarispina ne sont qu'une seule et même espèce, maintenant classée dans un genre à part, sous le nom de Marthasterias glacialis[4].
Selon World Register of Marine Species (19 décembre 2013)[3] : ...
Selon ITIS (19 décembre 2013)[1] :
Asterias est un genre d'étoiles de mer, de la famille des Asteriidae.
Asterias est genus Asteroideorum familiae Asteriidarum, quod nonnullas comprehendit notissimas Asteroideorum species, inter quas Asterias rubens Oceani Atlantici et Asterias amurensis Oceani Pacifici septentrionalis.
Say, Thomas. 1825. On the species of the Linnaean genus Asterias inhabiting the coast of the United States. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5, pars 1.
Vide "Asteridem" apud Vicispecies. Asterias est genus Asteroideorum familiae Asteriidarum, quod nonnullas comprehendit notissimas Asteroideorum species, inter quas Asterias rubens Oceani Atlantici et Asterias amurensis Oceani Pacifici septentrionalis.
Asterias is een geslacht van zeesterren (Asteroidea), en het typegeslacht van de familie Asteriidae.
Soorten uit dit geslacht komen voor langs de kusten van de noordelijke Atlantische Oceaan en het westen van de Grote Oceaan. De bekendste soort is de gewone zeester (Asterias rubens), die ook langs de kust van België en Nederland voorkomt.
Asterias is een geslacht van zeesterren (Asteroidea), en het typegeslacht van de familie Asteriidae.
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Wikimedia Commons'ta Asterias ile ilgili çoklu ortam belgeleri bulunur. 
Wikispecies'te Asterias ile ilgili detaylı taksonomi bilgileri bulunur. Asterias Asteriidae familyasından denizyıldızlarının bulunduğu bir cinstir. Aralarında en yaygın denizyıldızları olan bayağı denizyıldızı Asterias rubens ve Asterias amurensis türleri bulunur.
Cins içinde sekiz tür sınıflandırılmaktadır.[1]
Asterias Asteriidae familyasından denizyıldızlarının bulunduğu bir cinstir. Aralarında en yaygın denizyıldızları olan bayağı denizyıldızı Asterias rubens ve Asterias amurensis türleri bulunur.
Це морські зірки стандартної форми з п'ятьма кінцівками. Їхня поверхня шорстка і вапняний скелет частково видно у вигляді бежевих голок. Ці зірки є хижаками і живляться, в основному, двостулковими молюсками. Нацчастіше зустрічаються біля європейських і північноамериканських берегів.
Згідно з сайтом World Register of Marine Species рід містить 8 видів:[1]
Asterias
Linnaeus, 1758
Астериасы[1] (лат. Asterias) — род морских звёзд из семейства Asteriidae.
В роде Asterias 8 видов[2]:
Это заготовка статьи по зоологии. Вы можете помочь проекту, дополнив её. Астериасы (лат. Asterias) — род морских звёзд из семейства Asteriidae.
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