^Bei-Bienko, G.Y. & Steyskal, G.C. (1988) Keys to the Insects of the European Part of the USSR, Volume V: Diptera and Siphonaptera, Parts I, II. Amerind Publishing Co., New Delhi.ISBN81-205-0080-6ISBN81-205-0081-4
^R. L. Coe, Paul Freeman & P. F. Mattingly, 1950 Handbooks for the identification of British insects Vol 9 Part 2 ii. Diptera 2. Nematocera: families Tipulidae to Chironomidae (Trichoceridae - Culicidae). Royal Entomological Society, London pdf
