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Amanita cokeri

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Amanita cokeri, commonly known as Coker's amanita[2] and solitary lepidella,[3] is a mushroom in the family Amanitaceae. The mushroom is poisonous.[4] First described as Lepidella cokeri in 1928, it was transferred to the genus Amanita in 1940.

Taxonomy

Amanita cokeri was first described as Lepidella cokeri by mycologists E.-J.Gilbert and Robert Kühner in 1928. It was in 1940 when the species was transferred from genus Lepidella to Amanita by Gilbert.[1] Presently, A. cokeri is placed under genus Amanita and section Roanokenses. The epithet cokeri is in honour of American mycologist and botanist William Chambers Coker.[5][6]

Description

Close view of gills. Also note the cap and stipe.

Its cap is white in colour, and 7–15 cm (2.8–5.9 in) across. It is oval to convex in shape. The surface is dry but sticky when wet. The cap surface is characterized by large pointed warts, white to brown in colour.[7]

Gills are closely spaced and free from the stem. They are cream at first, but can turn white as the mushroom matures. Short-gills are frequent. Stem is white, measuring 10–20 cm (3.9–7.9 in) long and 1–2 cm (0.39–0.79 in) thick. It tapers slightly to the top, smooth to shaggy in texture. There is a ring, thick and often double-edged, the underside being tissuelike. The universal veil hangs from the top of the stipe.[8] The basal bulb is considerably large in size, with concentric circles of down-turned scales. The volval remnants stick to it and cause irregular patches.[8]

Spores are white, elliptical and amyloid. They measure 11-14 x 6-9 μm, and feel smooth. Flesh is white, and shows no change when exposed. There is no distinctive odour,[3][7] but some specimens may develop the smell of decaying protein.[9]

Lookalikes

Amanita solitaria is a closely related species, though a completely different European taxa.[10] The notable similarity is that both it and A. cokeri are double-ringed.[11] A. timida, from the tropical South Asia, resembles A. cokeri in its volval structure, thick and notable ring and the large bulbal base.[12][13]

Toxicity

In a study, the presence of non-protein amino acids 2-amino-3-cyclopropylbutanoic acid and 2-amino-5-chloro-4-pentenoic acid was revealed. The former acid was found to be toxic to the fungus Cercospora kikuchii, the arthropod Oncopeltus fasciatus and the bacteria Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Erwinia amylovora, and Xanthomonas campestris. The toxicity for bacteria could be eliminated by adding isoleucine to the medium. The other acid did not prove toxic.[14]

Habitat and distribution

Amanita cokeri inhabits mixed coniferous or deciduous woods and also grows on the ground. It grows mainly on oak and pine trees, and leaves a white deposit. It grows isolated or in groups.[15] It is mostly distributed in southeastern North America.[16] It fruits from July to November.[15]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Amanita cokeri (E.-J. Gilbert & Kühner) E.-J. Gilbert". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  2. ^ "Standardized Common Names for Wild Species in Canada". National General Status Working Group. 2020.
  3. ^ a b McKnight, Kent H.; McKnight, Vera B. McKnight; illustrations by Vera B. (1987). A field guide to mushrooms, North America (2. ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 222. ISBN 0-395-42101-2.
  4. ^ Miller Jr., Orson K.; Miller, Hope H. (2006). North American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi. Guilford, CN: FalconGuide. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-7627-3109-1.
  5. ^ Roody, William C. (2003). Mushrooms of West Virginia and the Central Appalachians. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. p. 50. ISBN 0-8131-9039-8.
  6. ^ Bessette, A. E. (2007). Mushrooms of the southeastern United States (1 ed.). Syracuse: Syracuse Univ. Press. p. 106. ISBN 978-0-8156-3112-5.
  7. ^ a b Kuo M. (August 2003). "Amanita cokeri". MushroomExpert.com. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  8. ^ a b Fergus, C. Leonard; Fergus, Charles (2003). Common edible and poisonous mushrooms of the northeast (1st ed.). Mechanicsburg: Stackpole Books. p. 22. ISBN 0-8117-2641-X.
  9. ^ Tulloss, RE. "Amanita cokeri". Amanitaceae.org. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
  10. ^ Fuller, Thomas C.; McClintock, Elizabeth (1986). Poisonous plants of California. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 43. ISBN 0-520-05568-3.
  11. ^ Tulloss, RE. "Amanita solitaria". Amanitaceae.org. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
  12. ^ Bas, Cornelis (1969). Morphology and subdivision of Amanita and a monograph on its section Lepidella. p. 390.
  13. ^ Tulloss, RE. "Amanita timida". Amanitaceae.org. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
  14. ^ Drehmel, Dennis C.; Chilton, William Scott (2002). "Characterization and toxicity of Amanita cokeri extract". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 28 (2): 333–41. doi:10.1023/A:1017986108720. ISSN 0098-0331. PMID 11925071. S2CID 7986407.
  15. ^ a b Phillips, Roger. "Amanita cokeri". Rogers Mushrooms. Archived from the original on 6 November 2011. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
  16. ^ Gibbons, Whit; Haynes, RR.; Thomas, JL.; with a foreword by Geller, Robert J. (1990). Poisonous plants and venomous animals of Alabama and adjoining states. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. p. 28. ISBN 0-8173-0442-8.

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Amanita cokeri: Brief Summary

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Amanita cokeri, commonly known as Coker's amanita and solitary lepidella, is a mushroom in the family Amanitaceae. The mushroom is poisonous. First described as Lepidella cokeri in 1928, it was transferred to the genus Amanita in 1940.

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Amanita cokeri ( Latin )

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Amanita cokeri est fungus venenosus familiae Amanitacearum. Haec species, primum binomine Lepidella cokeri anno 1928 descripta, in genus Amanitam anno 1940 translata est.

Descriptio

Pileus et stipa sunt albae. Lamellae sunt cremeae, sed maturescentes aliquando albae. Impressio sporarum est alba. Huic fungo est nullus odor proprius.

Notae


Nexus interni

Bibliographia

  • H. R. Miller et O. K. Miller, North American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi (Guilford, Conn.: Falcon Guide, 2006), p. 46. ISBN 0-7627-3109-5.
  • M. Kuo, Amanita cokeri apud situm mushroomexpert.com (Augusto 2003).

Nexus externi

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Amanita cokeri: Brief Summary ( Latin )

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Amanita cokeri est fungus venenosus familiae Amanitacearum. Haec species, primum binomine Lepidella cokeri anno 1928 descripta, in genus Amanitam anno 1940 translata est.

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Amanita cokeri ( Portuguese )

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Amanita cokeri é um fungo que pertence ao gênero de cogumelos Amanita na ordem Agaricales. É um cogumelo venenoso. Foi descrito como Lepidella cokeri em 1928, e depois transferido para o gênero Amanita em 1940.[1]

Referências

  1. «Amanita cokeri (E.-J.Gilbert & Kühner) E.-J.Gilbert» (em inglês). mycobank.org. Consultado em 11 de fevereiro de 2014

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Amanita cokeri: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Amanita cokeri é um fungo que pertence ao gênero de cogumelos Amanita na ordem Agaricales. É um cogumelo venenoso. Foi descrito como Lepidella cokeri em 1928, e depois transferido para o gênero Amanita em 1940.

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Amanita cokeri ( Vietnamese )

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Amanita cokeri, thường được biết đến với tên Coker's Amanita, là một loài nấm trong họ Amanitaceae. Nó là nấm độc.[2] Nó được miêu tả đầu tiên là Lepidella cokeri năm 1928, nó được xếp vào chi Amanita năm 1940.[1]

Hình ảnh

Tham khảo

  1. ^ a ă Amanita cokeri (E.-J. Gilbert & Kühner) E.-J. Gilbert”. MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Truy cập ngày 1 tháng 3 năm 2011.
  2. ^ Miller HR, Miller OK. (2006). North American Mushrooms: a Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi. Guilford, Connecticut: Falcon Guide. tr. 46. ISBN 0-7627-3109-5.
Lỗi chú thích: Thẻ có tên “urlKuo” được định nghĩa trong không được đoạn văn bản trên sử dụng.

Liên kết ngoài

Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến bộ nấm Agaricales này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Amanita cokeri: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Amanita cokeri, thường được biết đến với tên Coker's Amanita, là một loài nấm trong họ Amanitaceae. Nó là nấm độc. Nó được miêu tả đầu tiên là Lepidella cokeri năm 1928, nó được xếp vào chi Amanita năm 1940.

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Amanita cokeri ( Russian )

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Царство: Грибы
Подцарство: Высшие грибы
Подотдел: Agaricomycotina
Порядок: Агариковые
Семейство: Мухоморовые
Род: Мухомор
Подрод: Lepidella
Секция: Lepidella
Вид: Amanita cokeri
Международное научное название

Amanita cokeri (E.-J. Gilbert & Kühner) E.-J. Gilbert

Синонимы
  • Aspidella cokeri (E.-J. Gilbert & Kühner) E.-J. Gilbert, 1941
  • Lepidella cokeri E.-J. Gilbert & Kühner, 1928basionym
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Изображения
на Викискладе
NCBI 87323EOL 6691667MB 355702

Amánita cókeri — гриб семейства Мухоморовые (Amanitaceae). Включён в подрод Lepidella рода Amanita.

Вид назван в честь профессора Университета Северной Каролины Уильяма Чемберса Кокера[1].

Биологическое описание

  • Шляпка 7,5—15 см в диаметре, в молодом возрасте полушаровидной или почти шаровидной, затем выпуклой и почти плоской формы, белая или цвета слоновой кости, покрытая мягкими, расположенными кругами, в дождливую погоду иногда смывающимися, бородавками конической формы.
  • Мякоть белого цвета, без особого вкуса и запаха.
  • Гименофор пластинчатый, пластинки почти свободные, часто расположенные, белого или кремового цвета.
  • Ножка 7,5—20 см длиной и 1,2—2 см толщиной, ровная или сужающаяся кверху, с утолщённым, в верхней части покрытым бородавками основанием, одного цвета со шляпкой, обычно с коричневатыми пятнами в нижней части, с иногда двойным кольцом, выше кольца гладкая, ниже — мелкочешуйчатая.
  • Споровый порошок белого цвета. Споры 9,2—15×5,5—9,5 мкм, амилоидные, эллипсоидальной или удлинённой формы, с гладкой поверхностью.
  • Несъедобен.

Экология и ареал

Встречается одиночно или небольшими группами, в смешанных лесах, образует микоризу с сосной и дубом. Известен из восточной части Северной Америки.

Сходные виды

Родственные виды из ряда SolitariaAmanita eijii, Amanita japonica, Amanita solitaria и Amanita timida, а также другие виды с белыми шляпками.

Литература

  • William C. Roody. Mushrooms of West Virginia and the Central Appalachians. — The University Press of Kentucky. — P. 50. — 520 p. — ISBN 0-8131-9039-8.

Ссылки

Примечания

  1. Susan Metzler, Van Metzler. Texas mushrooms: a field guide // University of Texas Press, 1992 — Р. 350. — ISBN 0292751257, ISBN 9780292751255. (англ.)
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Amanita cokeri: Brief Summary ( Russian )

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Amánita cókeri — гриб семейства Мухоморовые (Amanitaceae). Включён в подрод Lepidella рода Amanita.

Вид назван в честь профессора Университета Северной Каролины Уильяма Чемберса Кокера.

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ササクレシロオニタケ ( Japanese )

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この記事は検証可能参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。
出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。2010年8月
ササクレシロオニタケ

Amanita eijii

Amanita cokeri 52268.jpg 分類 : 菌界 Fungi : 担子菌門 Basidiomycota : 菌じん綱 Hymenomycetes : ハラタケ目 Agaricales : テングタケ科 Amanitaceae : テングタケ属 Amanita : ササクレシロオニタケ Amanita eijii 学名 Amanita eijii 和名 ササクレシロオニタケ

ササクレシロオニタケAmanita eijii)は、ハラタケ目テングタケ科テングタケ属キノコである。

特徴[編集]

夏から秋にコナラモミマツ林などの樹下に発生する。可食とする文献もあるが、猛毒のドクツルタケに似るので安易に食すのは危険である。

執筆の途中です この項目は、菌類に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めていますP:生き物と自然PJ生物)。
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ササクレシロオニタケ: Brief Summary ( Japanese )

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ササクレシロオニタケ(Amanita eijii)は、ハラタケ目テングタケ科テングタケ属キノコである。

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