Psilocybe caerulescens, also known as landslide mushroom ("derrumbe" in Spanish), is a psilocybin mushroom having psilocybin and psilocin as main active compounds. Along with Psilocybe mexicana and Psilocybe aztecorum, it is one of the mushrooms likely to have been used by the Aztecs and is currently used by Mazatec shamans for its entheogenic properties.
The taste and smell of Psilocybe caerulescens are strongly farinaceous, reminiscent of cucumber, though the smell lessens with age or when dry.
The cap is (1)3–7(10) cm broad. Convex to obtusely campanulate with an incurved margin at first, rarely becoming plane, and often are umbonate or with a slight depression in the center. It is viscid when moist from a separable gelatinous pellicle. The margin is slightly translucent-striate when moist. The cap is hygrophanous, yellowish brown to reddish brown with a silvery-blue metallic luster, paler at the margin, and drying to a beige or straw yellow. It readily bruises blue when handled, the younger specimens bruising bluish olivaceous or even blackish. The cap often has a great variation in color and form.
The gills are adnate to sinuate and close to subclose. They are whitish, yellowish grey when young, becoming dark violaceous brown to sepia brown with age; the edges remain slightly whitish.
Psilocybe caerulescens spores are dark violaceous brown.
The stipe is (2)5–9(13) cm long and (5)8–10(12) mm thick. It is equal or enlarging slightly at the base, and is somewhat flexuous, hollow, and subpruinose to floccose. The stipe is whitish to reddish brown or blackish and readily bruises blue. Rhizomorphs are sometimes attached to the base. The veil is well-developed but does not form a permanent annulus.
The spores are hexagonal to subrhomboid in frontal view and ellipsoid in side view, (5.6)6.7–8(9) x (4) 4.8–6.4 (7.2) x 4–4.8 (5.5) μm. The basidia each produce four spores, and occasionally only two larger spores. The cheilocystidia are 16–27(29) x 4.5–8 μm and lageniform to narrowly lageniform, with a flexuous neck that is 1–2.5 μm broad and sometimes bifurcate. Basidia 18.5–22.5 × 5.5–6.5 μm, cylindrical, four spored, hyaline and thin-walled. Pleurocystidia 12–20 (–32) × 4.5–9 (‒10) μm, fusiform, occasionally conical, clavate or utriform, occasionally bifurcate, hyaline, thin-walled. The subhymenium is ramose-inflated. Pileus trama is radial, with hyphae 5–32 μm, yellowish to yellowish brown, thick walled (0.5–1 μm). Pileipellis an ixocutis, (9–) 12–54 μm wide, hyphae 1.5–4 (–5.5) μm diameter, hyaline and thin-walled. Pileocystidia (10–) 12–28 × 4–9.5 μm, globose, cylindrical, clavate, flexuose or pyriform and thin-walled. Stipitipellis a cutis, hyphae 1.5–9.5 μm diameter, yellowish brown, thin-walled (up to 0.5–0.8 μm thick). Caulocystidia (19–) 22.5–49.5 (–56) × 4–8 (–9.5) μm, cylindrical, lageniform, fusiform or, utriform, or lageniform, hyaline and, thin-walled.
Psilocybe caerulescens is found growing gregariously or cespitosely, rarely solitarily, from June through October on disturbed ground often devoid of herbaceous plants. It often grows in sunny locations, preferring muddy orangish brown soils with much woody debris. Psilocybe caerulescens was first reported from near Montgomery, Alabama, by Murrill in 1923 on sugarcane mulch, not re-documented from that locality since. It was recently found in South Carolina in September 2008. Psilocybe caerulescens is common and widespread throughout northern Georgia. Found in N. Georgia in 2000.
Psilocybe caerulescens
Psilocybe caerulescens
Psilocybe caerulescens
Psilocybe caerulescens from grassland
Psilocybe caerulescens from forest floor
Cluster of Psilocybe caerulescens
Psilocybe caerulescens, also known as landslide mushroom ("derrumbe" in Spanish), is a psilocybin mushroom having psilocybin and psilocin as main active compounds. Along with Psilocybe mexicana and Psilocybe aztecorum, it is one of the mushrooms likely to have been used by the Aztecs and is currently used by Mazatec shamans for its entheogenic properties.
Psilocybe caribaea es una especie de hongo de la familia Hymenogastraceae del orden Agaricales.
El pileo de (17-) 35-60 (-70) mm de diámetro, convexo-umbonado, liso con margen uniforme, estriado translúcido, marrón amarillento a marrón rojizo oscuro. Lamelas sinuosas, marrones pálidas o violáceas marrones, margen uniforme. Estípite de (20-) 80-130 (-175) 3 3-6 (-8) mm hueco, con una base bulbosa, marrón pálido o marrón amarillento o marrón o rojizo fuscoso hacia el ápice, sedoso, cubierto con fibrillas apretadas. Fibrillas blancas hacia la base, textura dura-cartilaginosa, con rizomorfos en la base. Contexto en el píleo y estípite blanquecino, o marrón rojizo en la base del estipe. Todas las partes, excepto las laminillas fuertemente caerulescentes cuando se cortan o se tocan. Olor y sabor farináceo. Esporada marrón violáceo oscuro. Microscópicamente: Esporas de (6–)6.5–7.5(–8) x 5–5.5(–6.5) x 4.5–5 μm (Q 5 1.25), subromboide en vista frontal, subelipsoide en vista lateral, paredes gruesas, de hasta 1 μm, amarillento-marrón, con poro germinativo. Basidio de (16-) 20-25 (-28) 3 5-6 (-7) μm, 4-esterigmas, hialino. Pleurocistidio (9.5-) 12-17 (-20) 3 (3.5-) 5-8 (-12) μm, hialino, subventricoso, subfusoide o subcilíndrico, con un ápice agudo o un cuello corto. Queilocistidio (16-) 18-30 (-37) 3 (4-) 5-8 (-9,5) μm, hialino, subventricoso, irregularmente ramificado, con un ápice agudo o con un cuello corto. Trama himenoforal regular, la mayoría hifas hialinas, cilíndricas o con algunos elementos inflados, de 3-24 μm de ancho, con incrustaciones finas e inconspicuas. Pileipellis una capa subgelatinizada 8-40 μm de grueso, hifas hialinas de 2.5-7 μm diam. Pileocistidio de 25-43 3 6-8 μm, postrado o erecto. Hipodermio con hifas hialinas, cilíndricas y elementos subglobosos, de 2 a 15 μm de ancho. Contexto con hifas hialinas o amarillentas, algunas hinchadas o subglobosas, de 3-24 μm de ancho, pared delgada, de hasta 1 μm de espesor.[1][2]
Se ha reportado de Puerto Rico, Martinica (Martinique en francés) y México.[1]
Es una especie gregaria, es decir, que forma grupos de varios organismos. Crece en suelo rico en materia orgánica o arenoso; en bosques tropicales húmedos.[1][2]
Se conoce muy poco de la biología y hábitos de los hogos, por ello la mayoría de ellos, no están categorizados en la Norma Oficial Mexicana 059.
Psilocybe caribaea es una especie de hongo de la familia Hymenogastraceae del orden Agaricales.
