Allocasuarina decaisneana (Synonym: Casuarina decaisneana – Deutsch: „Wüstenkasuarine“ / Englisch: „Desert Oak“) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Allocasuarina in der Familie Kasuarinengewächse (Casuarinaceae).
Allocasuarina decaisneana handelt sich um einen mittelgroßen, immergrünen Baum. Durch die sehr weit in die Tiefe reichenden Wurzeln kann Allocasuarina decaisneana in sehr trockenen Gebieten überleben. Er besitzt lange, dünne, segmentierte und rutenartige Zweige, die die Funktion der Blätter übernehmen und als Phyllokladium bezeichnet werden.
Allocasuarina decaisneana ist zweihäusig. Weibliche Exemplare bilden große, stachelige, (Zapfen ähnelnde), holzige Fruchtstände aus (28–95 mm lang, die größten in der Gattung). Sie enthalten Nussfrüchte.
Allocasuarina decaisneana stammt aus Wüstenregionen Zentral-Australiens (Northern Territory, Western Australia, South Australia).
Sie kommt im Uluṟu-Kata-Tjuṯa-Nationalpark vor, der unter anderem den Uluṟu und die Kata Tjuṯa umfasst.
Die Erstbeschreibung erfolgte 1858 unter dem Namen (Basionym) Casuarina decaisneana durch Ferdinand von Mueller in Fragmenta Phytographiæ Australiæ, 1, S. 61. Bei der Aufteilung der Gattung der Casuarina erfolgte 1982 durch Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson die Neukombination zu Allocasuarina decaisneana.[1]
Allocasuarina decaisneana (Synonym: Casuarina decaisneana – Deutsch: „Wüstenkasuarine“ / Englisch: „Desert Oak“) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Allocasuarina in der Familie Kasuarinengewächse (Casuarinaceae).
Allocasuarina decaisneana, commonly known as desert oak, desert sheoak,[2][3] or kurkara by the Anangu peoples,[4] is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to the Central Australia. It is a dioecious tree that typically grows to a height of 10–16 m (33–52 ft) and has long, drooping branchlets, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of four, the mature fruiting cones 28–95 mm (1.1–3.7 in) long containing winged seeds (samaras) 8.5–17 mm (0.33–0.67 in) long.
Allocasuarina decaisneana is a dioecious tree typically grows to 10–16 m (33–52 ft) high and 3–8 m (9.8–26.2 ft) wide. Its trunk has deeply furrowed, corky bark when mature. Its branchlets are drooping, up to 500 mm (20 in) long, the leaves reduced to erect, sharply pointed teeth 1.7–3.2 mm (0.067–0.126 in) long, arranged in whorls four around the branchlets. The sections of branchlet between the leaf whorls (the "articles") are 20–60 mm (0.79–2.36 in) long and 0.7–1.5 mm (0.028–0.059 in) wide. Male flowers are arranged in spikes 20–40 mm (0.79–1.57 in) long, in whorls of about ten per centimetre (per 0.39 in.), the anthers 0.7–0.8 mm (0.028–0.031 in) long. Female cones are cylindrical, often softly-hairy when young, glabrous when mature and on a peduncle 5–15 mm (0.20–0.59 in) long. Mature cones are 28–95 mm (1.1–3.7 in) long and 20–35 mm (0.79–1.38 in) in diameter with a pointed tip on the bracteoles. The cones are the largest in the genus Allocasuarina, and the samaras are 8.5–17 mm (0.33–0.67 in) long. Flowering occurs in most months and cones are present on the tree throughout the year.[2][3][4][5][6][7]
This species was first formally described in 1858 by Ferdinand von Mueller who gave it the name Casuarina decaisneana in his Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae.[8][9] It was reclassified in 1982 as Allocasuarina decaisneana by Lawrie Johnson in the Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens.[10] The specific epithet (decaisneana) honours the Belgian botanist Joseph Decaisne, who had never visited Australia or ever seen the tree.[11]
Desert oak mainly grows in the swales between sand dunes in red sand. It is mainly found in the south of the Northern Territory, but is also common in inland Western Australia and in the far north-west of South Australia.[6] The species is distributed through the deserts of the eastern part of central Western Australia, in the southern portion of the Northern Territory, and in northern South Australia. It is the only member of its family to occur in the same areas, apart from Casuarina glauca that has been introduced in same of the sme areas.[2][3][5][6]
The branchlets of A. decaisneana, also known as cladodes perform the same function as leaves but conserve moisture. As the cladodes are shed from the tree they form a dense mat around the base preventing other plants from becoming established and competing for moisture and nutrients. The roots have nodules that contain nitrogen fixing bacteria, which allows them to survive in sandy soils with low nutrient levels. In the first few years, the slow growing tree develops a fast growing tap-root that can reach a depth of over 10 metres (33 ft) and can reach any sub-surface water.[11]
The tree was useful to Indigenous Australian peoples who used it as a source of water. Water can be collected from tree hollows but surface roots could also be broken off in sections to provide potable water by draining the root when held vertically or by directly sucking the water out.[12] The Aborigines also used the hard wood of the trees for firewood and for making weapons and other implements, and they used the seeds for food.[6] A 10,000 year-old boomerang made from Allocasuarina wood was found in Wyrie Swamp, near Millicent, South Australia.[13]
The Aboriginal Community in Oak Valley, South Australia, on the southern edge of the Great Victoria Desert was established in 1985 for Anangu people displaced from Maralinga lands following nuclear weapons testing, takes its name from the tree.[14]
Stand of desert oak near Kata Tjuta 
Mature cones Allocasuarina decaisneana, commonly known as desert oak, desert sheoak, or kurkara by the Anangu peoples, is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to the Central Australia. It is a dioecious tree that typically grows to a height of 10–16 m (33–52 ft) and has long, drooping branchlets, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of four, the mature fruiting cones 28–95 mm (1.1–3.7 in) long containing winged seeds (samaras) 8.5–17 mm (0.33–0.67 in) long.
Allocasuarina decaisneana o roble del desierto (desert oak) es un árbol atractivo de talla media y de lento crecimiento que se encuentra en las regiones secas del desierto del Territorio del Norte, Australia Meridional y Australia Occidental.
Los troncos jóvenes tienen un tronco estrecho y un follaje gris/verde plumoso. Maduran en una forma adulta con las ramas extendidas y un follaje tupido. Es el único miembro de la familia en Australia Central y sus conos cilíndricos son los más grandes de la familia. El fuego usualmente no mata al árbol. Los robles del desierto pueden ser propagados por semilla, pero no son fácil de cultivar fuera de su medio ambiente natural.
Allocasuarina decaisneana fue descrita por (Miq.) L.A.S.Johnson y publicado en Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 6(1): 74. 1982.[1]
Roble del desierto
Frutos
Allocasuarina decaisneana o roble del desierto (desert oak) es un árbol atractivo de talla media y de lento crecimiento que se encuentra en las regiones secas del desierto del Territorio del Norte, Australia Meridional y Australia Occidental.
L'Allocasuarina decaisneana est une espèce d'arbre, proche des filaos, originaire d'Australie.
il est nommé chêne du desert en Australie dans les territoires du nord autour d Uluru et d Alice Springs . le nom aborigène est Kurkara
C'est un arbre de taille moyenne (5 à 15 mètres de haut pour 3 à 8 mètres de diamètre), à croissance lente des régions désertiques du Territoire du Nord, de l'Australie-Méridionale et de l'Australie-Occidentale.
Les jeunes arbres ont un port étroit, un tronc gris et un feuillage retombant plumeux. À l'âge adulte ils sont plus larges et ont un feuillage plus touffu. Les fleurs sont unisexuées.
C'est le seul membre de sa famille poussant au centre de l'Australie et ses grands cônes cylindriques sont les plus grands dans sa famille.
Il supporte le feu.
Il peut se propager par semis, mais il est difficile à cultiver en dehors de son environnement naturel.
fruits
L'Allocasuarina decaisneana est une espèce d'arbre, proche des filaos, originaire d'Australie.
il est nommé chêne du desert en Australie dans les territoires du nord autour d Uluru et d Alice Springs . le nom aborigène est Kurkara
C'est un arbre de taille moyenne (5 à 15 mètres de haut pour 3 à 8 mètres de diamètre), à croissance lente des régions désertiques du Territoire du Nord, de l'Australie-Méridionale et de l'Australie-Occidentale.
Les jeunes arbres ont un port étroit, un tronc gris et un feuillage retombant plumeux. À l'âge adulte ils sont plus larges et ont un feuillage plus touffu. Les fleurs sont unisexuées.
C'est le seul membre de sa famille poussant au centre de l'Australie et ses grands cônes cylindriques sont les plus grands dans sa famille.
Il supporte le feu.
Il peut se propager par semis, mais il est difficile à cultiver en dehors de son environnement naturel.
Allocasuarina decaisneana là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Casuarinaceae. Loài này được (F.Muell.) L.A.S.Johnson mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1982.[1]
Allocasuarina decaisneana là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Casuarinaceae. Loài này được (F.Muell.) L.A.S.Johnson mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1982.
