Galerina marginata

Galerina; Galerina marginata; Hymenogastraceae

Galerina-marginata_5
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Amadej Trnkoczy Flickr Group
Galerina marginata (Batsch) Khner, syn.: Galerina autumnalis (Peck) A.H. Sm. & Singer, Galerina unicolor (Vahl) Singer, Pholiota marginata (Batsch) Qul.Funeral Bell, DE: Gift-Hubling, Nadelholz-HublingSlo.: obrobljena kumicaDat.: Nov. 9. 2016Lat.:46.36118 Long.: 13.70112Code: Bot_1028/2016_DSC6439Habitat: pasture, slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; full sun, dry and relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 625 m (2.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: moss overgrown stump of a cut down Picea abies in its late phase of disintegration.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa; Na Melu place, near cottage Trenta 2b, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: This mushroom usually appears in older literature as Galerina autumnalis. But extensive DNA study (Gulden and collaborators, 2001) has synonymized that species - along with Galerina oregonensis, Galerina unicolor, and Galerina venenata - with the older, European species first described in the 18th century, Galerina marginata. The mushroom is deadly poisonous (look at English common name). Growing in a loose group of about 15 pilei; pilei diameter 1.4 - 4.0 cm (measured as it is, not expanded), surface lubricous-waxy; stipe 4.0 - 6.2 cm long, diameter 2.8 - 7.8 mm, hollow, fibrous; taste not tested, smell indistinctive, on soil? SP abundant, rusty-brown, oac713.Spores minutely verrucose. Dimensions: 7.6 [8.5 ; 8.9] 9.8 x 5 [5.5 ; 5.7] 6.2 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.5 ; 1.6] 1.7; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 8.7 x 5.6 microns; Qe = 1.5. Basidia 4-sterigmate and also 2-sterigmate. Cystidia lageniform, with a long neck and a rounded or subclavate apex; smooth; thin-walled; dimensions: 38.4 [44.5 ; 48.1] 54.1 x 8.5 [10.1 ; 11] 12.5 microns; Q = 3.4 [4.2 ; 4.7] 5.5; N = 19; C = 95%; Me = 46.3 x 10.5 microns; Qe = 4.4. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (cystidia, trama), fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 5, Ulmer (2010), p 323. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.5. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 318. (3) www.mushroomexpert.com/galerina_marginata.html (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 360. (5) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 248. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 262.
Galerina-marginata_11
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Amadej Trnkoczy Flickr Group
Galerina marginata (Batsch) Khner, syn.: Galerina autumnalis (Peck) A.H. Sm. & Singer, Galerina unicolor (Vahl) Singer, Pholiota marginata (Batsch) Qul.Funeral Bell, DE: Gift-Hubling, Nadelholz-HublingSlo.: obrobljena kumicaDat.: Nov. 9. 2016Lat.:46.36118 Long.: 13.70112Code: Bot_1028/2016_DSC6439Habitat: pasture, slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; full sun, dry and relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 625 m (2.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: moss overgrown stump of a cut down Picea abies in its late phase of disintegration.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa; Na Melu place, near cottage Trenta 2b, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: This mushroom usually appears in older literature as Galerina autumnalis. But extensive DNA study (Gulden and collaborators, 2001) has synonymized that species - along with Galerina oregonensis, Galerina unicolor, and Galerina venenata - with the older, European species first described in the 18th century, Galerina marginata. The mushroom is deadly poisonous (look at English common name). Growing in a loose group of about 15 pilei; pilei diameter 1.4 - 4.0 cm (measured as it is, not expanded), surface lubricous-waxy; stipe 4.0 - 6.2 cm long, diameter 2.8 - 7.8 mm, hollow, fibrous; taste not tested, smell indistinctive, on soil? SP abundant, rusty-brown, oac713.Spores minutely verrucose. Dimensions: 7.6 [8.5 ; 8.9] 9.8 x 5 [5.5 ; 5.7] 6.2 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.5 ; 1.6] 1.7; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 8.7 x 5.6 microns; Qe = 1.5. Basidia 4-sterigmate and also 2-sterigmate. Cystidia lageniform, with a long neck and a rounded or subclavate apex; smooth; thin-walled; dimensions: 38.4 [44.5 ; 48.1] 54.1 x 8.5 [10.1 ; 11] 12.5 microns; Q = 3.4 [4.2 ; 4.7] 5.5; N = 19; C = 95%; Me = 46.3 x 10.5 microns; Qe = 4.4. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (cystidia, trama), fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 5, Ulmer (2010), p 323. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.5. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 318. (3) www.mushroomexpert.com/galerina_marginata.html (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 360. (5) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 248. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 262.
Galerina-marginata_cystidia_stat_4M
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Amadej Trnkoczy Flickr Group
Galerina marginata (Batsch) Khner, syn.: Galerina autumnalis (Peck) A.H. Sm. & Singer, Galerina unicolor (Vahl) Singer, Pholiota marginata (Batsch) Qul.Funeral Bell, DE: Gift-Hubling, Nadelholz-HublingSlo.: obrobljena kumicaDat.: Nov. 9. 2016Lat.:46.36118 Long.: 13.70112Code: Bot_1028/2016_DSC6439Habitat: pasture, slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; full sun, dry and relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 625 m (2.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: moss overgrown stump of a cut down Picea abies in its late phase of disintegration.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa; Na Melu place, near cottage Trenta 2b, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: This mushroom usually appears in older literature as Galerina autumnalis. But extensive DNA study (Gulden and collaborators, 2001) has synonymized that species - along with Galerina oregonensis, Galerina unicolor, and Galerina venenata - with the older, European species first described in the 18th century, Galerina marginata. The mushroom is deadly poisonous (look at English common name). Growing in a loose group of about 15 pilei; pilei diameter 1.4 - 4.0 cm (measured as it is, not expanded), surface lubricous-waxy; stipe 4.0 - 6.2 cm long, diameter 2.8 - 7.8 mm, hollow, fibrous; taste not tested, smell indistinctive, on soil? SP abundant, rusty-brown, oac713.Spores minutely verrucose. Dimensions: 7.6 [8.5 ; 8.9] 9.8 x 5 [5.5 ; 5.7] 6.2 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.5 ; 1.6] 1.7; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 8.7 x 5.6 microns; Qe = 1.5. Basidia 4-sterigmate and also 2-sterigmate. Cystidia lageniform, with a long neck and a rounded or subclavate apex; smooth; thin-walled; dimensions: 38.4 [44.5 ; 48.1] 54.1 x 8.5 [10.1 ; 11] 12.5 microns; Q = 3.4 [4.2 ; 4.7] 5.5; N = 19; C = 95%; Me = 46.3 x 10.5 microns; Qe = 4.4. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (cystidia, trama), fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 5, Ulmer (2010), p 323. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.5. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 318. (3) www.mushroomexpert.com/galerina_marginata.html (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 360. (5) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 248. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 262.
Galerina-marginata_gill-trama_5M
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Amadej Trnkoczy Flickr Group
Galerina marginata (Batsch) Khner, syn.: Galerina autumnalis (Peck) A.H. Sm. & Singer, Galerina unicolor (Vahl) Singer, Pholiota marginata (Batsch) Qul.Funeral Bell, DE: Gift-Hubling, Nadelholz-HublingSlo.: obrobljena kumicaDat.: Nov. 9. 2016Lat.:46.36118 Long.: 13.70112Code: Bot_1028/2016_DSC6439Habitat: pasture, slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; full sun, dry and relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 625 m (2.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: moss overgrown stump of a cut down Picea abies in its late phase of disintegration.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa; Na Melu place, near cottage Trenta 2b, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: This mushroom usually appears in older literature as Galerina autumnalis. But extensive DNA study (Gulden and collaborators, 2001) has synonymized that species - along with Galerina oregonensis, Galerina unicolor, and Galerina venenata - with the older, European species first described in the 18th century, Galerina marginata. The mushroom is deadly poisonous (look at English common name). Growing in a loose group of about 15 pilei; pilei diameter 1.4 - 4.0 cm (measured as it is, not expanded), surface lubricous-waxy; stipe 4.0 - 6.2 cm long, diameter 2.8 - 7.8 mm, hollow, fibrous; taste not tested, smell indistinctive, on soil? SP abundant, rusty-brown, oac713.Spores minutely verrucose. Dimensions: 7.6 [8.5 ; 8.9] 9.8 x 5 [5.5 ; 5.7] 6.2 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.5 ; 1.6] 1.7; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 8.7 x 5.6 microns; Qe = 1.5. Basidia 4-sterigmate and also 2-sterigmate. Cystidia lageniform, with a long neck and a rounded or subclavate apex; smooth; thin-walled; dimensions: 38.4 [44.5 ; 48.1] 54.1 x 8.5 [10.1 ; 11] 12.5 microns; Q = 3.4 [4.2 ; 4.7] 5.5; N = 19; C = 95%; Me = 46.3 x 10.5 microns; Qe = 4.4. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (cystidia, trama), fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 5, Ulmer (2010), p 323. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.5. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 318. (3) www.mushroomexpert.com/galerina_marginata.html (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 360. (5) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 248. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 262.
Galerina-marginata_6
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Amadej Trnkoczy Flickr Group
Galerina marginata (Batsch) Khner, syn.: Galerina autumnalis (Peck) A.H. Sm. & Singer, Galerina unicolor (Vahl) Singer, Pholiota marginata (Batsch) Qul.Funeral Bell, DE: Gift-Hubling, Nadelholz-HublingSlo.: obrobljena kumicaDat.: Nov. 9. 2016Lat.:46.36118 Long.: 13.70112Code: Bot_1028/2016_DSC6439Habitat: pasture, slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; full sun, dry and relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 625 m (2.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: moss overgrown stump of a cut down Picea abies in its late phase of disintegration.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa; Na Melu place, near cottage Trenta 2b, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: This mushroom usually appears in older literature as Galerina autumnalis. But extensive DNA study (Gulden and collaborators, 2001) has synonymized that species - along with Galerina oregonensis, Galerina unicolor, and Galerina venenata - with the older, European species first described in the 18th century, Galerina marginata. The mushroom is deadly poisonous (look at English common name). Growing in a loose group of about 15 pilei; pilei diameter 1.4 - 4.0 cm (measured as it is, not expanded), surface lubricous-waxy; stipe 4.0 - 6.2 cm long, diameter 2.8 - 7.8 mm, hollow, fibrous; taste not tested, smell indistinctive, on soil? SP abundant, rusty-brown, oac713.Spores minutely verrucose. Dimensions: 7.6 [8.5 ; 8.9] 9.8 x 5 [5.5 ; 5.7] 6.2 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.5 ; 1.6] 1.7; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 8.7 x 5.6 microns; Qe = 1.5. Basidia 4-sterigmate and also 2-sterigmate. Cystidia lageniform, with a long neck and a rounded or subclavate apex; smooth; thin-walled; dimensions: 38.4 [44.5 ; 48.1] 54.1 x 8.5 [10.1 ; 11] 12.5 microns; Q = 3.4 [4.2 ; 4.7] 5.5; N = 19; C = 95%; Me = 46.3 x 10.5 microns; Qe = 4.4. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (cystidia, trama), fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 5, Ulmer (2010), p 323. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.5. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 318. (3) www.mushroomexpert.com/galerina_marginata.html (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 360. (5) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 248. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 262.
Galerina-marginata_10
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Amadej Trnkoczy Flickr Group
Galerina marginata (Batsch) Khner, syn.: Galerina autumnalis (Peck) A.H. Sm. & Singer, Galerina unicolor (Vahl) Singer, Pholiota marginata (Batsch) Qul.Funeral Bell, DE: Gift-Hubling, Nadelholz-HublingSlo.: obrobljena kumicaDat.: Nov. 9. 2016Lat.:46.36118 Long.: 13.70112Code: Bot_1028/2016_DSC6439Habitat: pasture, slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; full sun, dry and relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 625 m (2.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: moss overgrown stump of a cut down Picea abies in its late phase of disintegration.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa; Na Melu place, near cottage Trenta 2b, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: This mushroom usually appears in older literature as Galerina autumnalis. But extensive DNA study (Gulden and collaborators, 2001) has synonymized that species - along with Galerina oregonensis, Galerina unicolor, and Galerina venenata - with the older, European species first described in the 18th century, Galerina marginata. The mushroom is deadly poisonous (look at English common name). Growing in a loose group of about 15 pilei; pilei diameter 1.4 - 4.0 cm (measured as it is, not expanded), surface lubricous-waxy; stipe 4.0 - 6.2 cm long, diameter 2.8 - 7.8 mm, hollow, fibrous; taste not tested, smell indistinctive, on soil? SP abundant, rusty-brown, oac713.Spores minutely verrucose. Dimensions: 7.6 [8.5 ; 8.9] 9.8 x 5 [5.5 ; 5.7] 6.2 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.5 ; 1.6] 1.7; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 8.7 x 5.6 microns; Qe = 1.5. Basidia 4-sterigmate and also 2-sterigmate. Cystidia lageniform, with a long neck and a rounded or subclavate apex; smooth; thin-walled; dimensions: 38.4 [44.5 ; 48.1] 54.1 x 8.5 [10.1 ; 11] 12.5 microns; Q = 3.4 [4.2 ; 4.7] 5.5; N = 19; C = 95%; Me = 46.3 x 10.5 microns; Qe = 4.4. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (cystidia, trama), fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 5, Ulmer (2010), p 323. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.5. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 318. (3) www.mushroomexpert.com/galerina_marginata.html (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 360. (5) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 248. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 262.
Galerina-marginata_3
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Amadej Trnkoczy Flickr Group
Galerina marginata (Batsch) Khner, syn.: Galerina autumnalis (Peck) A.H. Sm. & Singer, Galerina unicolor (Vahl) Singer, Pholiota marginata (Batsch) Qul.Funeral Bell, DE: Gift-Hubling, Nadelholz-HublingSlo.: obrobljena kumicaDat.: Nov. 9. 2016Lat.:46.36118 Long.: 13.70112Code: Bot_1028/2016_DSC6439Habitat: pasture, slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; full sun, dry and relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 625 m (2.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: moss overgrown stump of a cut down Picea abies in its late phase of disintegration.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa; Na Melu place, near cottage Trenta 2b, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: This mushroom usually appears in older literature as Galerina autumnalis. But extensive DNA study (Gulden and collaborators, 2001) has synonymized that species - along with Galerina oregonensis, Galerina unicolor, and Galerina venenata - with the older, European species first described in the 18th century, Galerina marginata. The mushroom is deadly poisonous (look at English common name). Growing in a loose group of about 15 pilei; pilei diameter 1.4 - 4.0 cm (measured as it is, not expanded), surface lubricous-waxy; stipe 4.0 - 6.2 cm long, diameter 2.8 - 7.8 mm, hollow, fibrous; taste not tested, smell indistinctive, on soil? SP abundant, rusty-brown, oac713.Spores minutely verrucose. Dimensions: 7.6 [8.5 ; 8.9] 9.8 x 5 [5.5 ; 5.7] 6.2 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.5 ; 1.6] 1.7; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 8.7 x 5.6 microns; Qe = 1.5. Basidia 4-sterigmate and also 2-sterigmate. Cystidia lageniform, with a long neck and a rounded or subclavate apex; smooth; thin-walled; dimensions: 38.4 [44.5 ; 48.1] 54.1 x 8.5 [10.1 ; 11] 12.5 microns; Q = 3.4 [4.2 ; 4.7] 5.5; N = 19; C = 95%; Me = 46.3 x 10.5 microns; Qe = 4.4. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (cystidia, trama), fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 5, Ulmer (2010), p 323. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.5. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 318. (3) www.mushroomexpert.com/galerina_marginata.html (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 360. (5) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 248. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 262.
Galerina-marginata_spore_1M
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Amadej Trnkoczy Flickr Group
Galerina marginata (Batsch) Khner, syn.: Galerina autumnalis (Peck) A.H. Sm. & Singer, Galerina unicolor (Vahl) Singer, Pholiota marginata (Batsch) Qul.Funeral Bell, DE: Gift-Hubling, Nadelholz-HublingSlo.: obrobljena kumicaDat.: Nov. 9. 2016Lat.:46.36118 Long.: 13.70112Code: Bot_1028/2016_DSC6439Habitat: pasture, slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; full sun, dry and relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 625 m (2.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: moss overgrown stump of a cut down Picea abies in its late phase of disintegration.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa; Na Melu place, near cottage Trenta 2b, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: This mushroom usually appears in older literature as Galerina autumnalis. But extensive DNA study (Gulden and collaborators, 2001) has synonymized that species - along with Galerina oregonensis, Galerina unicolor, and Galerina venenata - with the older, European species first described in the 18th century, Galerina marginata. The mushroom is deadly poisonous (look at English common name). Growing in a loose group of about 15 pilei; pilei diameter 1.4 - 4.0 cm (measured as it is, not expanded), surface lubricous-waxy; stipe 4.0 - 6.2 cm long, diameter 2.8 - 7.8 mm, hollow, fibrous; taste not tested, smell indistinctive, on soil? SP abundant, rusty-brown, oac713.Spores minutely verrucose. Dimensions: 7.6 [8.5 ; 8.9] 9.8 x 5 [5.5 ; 5.7] 6.2 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.5 ; 1.6] 1.7; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 8.7 x 5.6 microns; Qe = 1.5. Basidia 4-sterigmate and also 2-sterigmate. Cystidia lageniform, with a long neck and a rounded or subclavate apex; smooth; thin-walled; dimensions: 38.4 [44.5 ; 48.1] 54.1 x 8.5 [10.1 ; 11] 12.5 microns; Q = 3.4 [4.2 ; 4.7] 5.5; N = 19; C = 95%; Me = 46.3 x 10.5 microns; Qe = 4.4. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (cystidia, trama), fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 5, Ulmer (2010), p 323. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.5. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 318. (3) www.mushroomexpert.com/galerina_marginata.html (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 360. (5) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 248. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 262.
Galerina-marginata_1
cc-by-nc-sa

Amadej Trnkoczy Flickr Group
Galerina marginata (Batsch) Khner, syn.: Galerina autumnalis (Peck) A.H. Sm. & Singer, Galerina unicolor (Vahl) Singer, Pholiota marginata (Batsch) Qul.Funeral Bell, DE: Gift-Hubling, Nadelholz-HublingSlo.: obrobljena kumicaDat.: Nov. 9. 2016Lat.:46.36118 Long.: 13.70112Code: Bot_1028/2016_DSC6439Habitat: pasture, slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; full sun, dry and relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 625 m (2.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: moss overgrown stump of a cut down Picea abies in its late phase of disintegration.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa; Na Melu place, near cottage Trenta 2b, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: This mushroom usually appears in older literature as Galerina autumnalis. But extensive DNA study (Gulden and collaborators, 2001) has synonymized that species - along with Galerina oregonensis, Galerina unicolor, and Galerina venenata - with the older, European species first described in the 18th century, Galerina marginata. The mushroom is deadly poisonous (look at English common name). Growing in a loose group of about 15 pilei; pilei diameter 1.4 - 4.0 cm (measured as it is, not expanded), surface lubricous-waxy; stipe 4.0 - 6.2 cm long, diameter 2.8 - 7.8 mm, hollow, fibrous; taste not tested, smell indistinctive, on soil? SP abundant, rusty-brown, oac713.Spores minutely verrucose. Dimensions: 7.6 [8.5 ; 8.9] 9.8 x 5 [5.5 ; 5.7] 6.2 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.5 ; 1.6] 1.7; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 8.7 x 5.6 microns; Qe = 1.5. Basidia 4-sterigmate and also 2-sterigmate. Cystidia lageniform, with a long neck and a rounded or subclavate apex; smooth; thin-walled; dimensions: 38.4 [44.5 ; 48.1] 54.1 x 8.5 [10.1 ; 11] 12.5 microns; Q = 3.4 [4.2 ; 4.7] 5.5; N = 19; C = 95%; Me = 46.3 x 10.5 microns; Qe = 4.4. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (cystidia, trama), fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 5, Ulmer (2010), p 323. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.5. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 318. (3) www.mushroomexpert.com/galerina_marginata.html (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 360. (5) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 248. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 262.
Galerina-marginata_7
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Amadej Trnkoczy Flickr Group
Galerina marginata (Batsch) Khner, syn.: Galerina autumnalis (Peck) A.H. Sm. & Singer, Galerina unicolor (Vahl) Singer, Pholiota marginata (Batsch) Qul.Funeral Bell, DE: Gift-Hubling, Nadelholz-HublingSlo.: obrobljena kumicaDat.: Nov. 9. 2016Lat.:46.36118 Long.: 13.70112Code: Bot_1028/2016_DSC6439Habitat: pasture, slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; full sun, dry and relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 625 m (2.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: moss overgrown stump of a cut down Picea abies in its late phase of disintegration.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa; Na Melu place, near cottage Trenta 2b, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: This mushroom usually appears in older literature as Galerina autumnalis. But extensive DNA study (Gulden and collaborators, 2001) has synonymized that species - along with Galerina oregonensis, Galerina unicolor, and Galerina venenata - with the older, European species first described in the 18th century, Galerina marginata. The mushroom is deadly poisonous (look at English common name). Growing in a loose group of about 15 pilei; pilei diameter 1.4 - 4.0 cm (measured as it is, not expanded), surface lubricous-waxy; stipe 4.0 - 6.2 cm long, diameter 2.8 - 7.8 mm, hollow, fibrous; taste not tested, smell indistinctive, on soil? SP abundant, rusty-brown, oac713.Spores minutely verrucose. Dimensions: 7.6 [8.5 ; 8.9] 9.8 x 5 [5.5 ; 5.7] 6.2 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.5 ; 1.6] 1.7; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 8.7 x 5.6 microns; Qe = 1.5. Basidia 4-sterigmate and also 2-sterigmate. Cystidia lageniform, with a long neck and a rounded or subclavate apex; smooth; thin-walled; dimensions: 38.4 [44.5 ; 48.1] 54.1 x 8.5 [10.1 ; 11] 12.5 microns; Q = 3.4 [4.2 ; 4.7] 5.5; N = 19; C = 95%; Me = 46.3 x 10.5 microns; Qe = 4.4. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (cystidia, trama), fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 5, Ulmer (2010), p 323. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.5. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 318. (3) www.mushroomexpert.com/galerina_marginata.html (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 360. (5) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 248. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 262.
Galerina-marginata__9
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Amadej Trnkoczy Flickr Group
Galerina marginata (Batsch) Khner, syn.: Galerina autumnalis (Peck) A.H. Sm. & Singer, Galerina unicolor (Vahl) Singer, Pholiota marginata (Batsch) Qul.Funeral Bell, DE: Gift-Hubling, Nadelholz-HublingSlo.: obrobljena kumicaDat.: Nov. 9. 2016Lat.:46.36118 Long.: 13.70112Code: Bot_1028/2016_DSC6439Habitat: pasture, slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; full sun, dry and relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 625 m (2.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: moss overgrown stump of a cut down Picea abies in its late phase of disintegration.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa; Na Melu place, near cottage Trenta 2b, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: This mushroom usually appears in older literature as Galerina autumnalis. But extensive DNA study (Gulden and collaborators, 2001) has synonymized that species - along with Galerina oregonensis, Galerina unicolor, and Galerina venenata - with the older, European species first described in the 18th century, Galerina marginata. The mushroom is deadly poisonous (look at English common name). Growing in a loose group of about 15 pilei; pilei diameter 1.4 - 4.0 cm (measured as it is, not expanded), surface lubricous-waxy; stipe 4.0 - 6.2 cm long, diameter 2.8 - 7.8 mm, hollow, fibrous; taste not tested, smell indistinctive, on soil? SP abundant, rusty-brown, oac713.Spores minutely verrucose. Dimensions: 7.6 [8.5 ; 8.9] 9.8 x 5 [5.5 ; 5.7] 6.2 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.5 ; 1.6] 1.7; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 8.7 x 5.6 microns; Qe = 1.5. Basidia 4-sterigmate and also 2-sterigmate. Cystidia lageniform, with a long neck and a rounded or subclavate apex; smooth; thin-walled; dimensions: 38.4 [44.5 ; 48.1] 54.1 x 8.5 [10.1 ; 11] 12.5 microns; Q = 3.4 [4.2 ; 4.7] 5.5; N = 19; C = 95%; Me = 46.3 x 10.5 microns; Qe = 4.4. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (cystidia, trama), fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 5, Ulmer (2010), p 323. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.5. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 318. (3) www.mushroomexpert.com/galerina_marginata.html (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 360. (5) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 248. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 262.
Galerina-marginata_cystidia_3M
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Amadej Trnkoczy Flickr Group
Galerina marginata (Batsch) Khner, syn.: Galerina autumnalis (Peck) A.H. Sm. & Singer, Galerina unicolor (Vahl) Singer, Pholiota marginata (Batsch) Qul.Funeral Bell, DE: Gift-Hubling, Nadelholz-HublingSlo.: obrobljena kumicaDat.: Nov. 9. 2016Lat.:46.36118 Long.: 13.70112Code: Bot_1028/2016_DSC6439Habitat: pasture, slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; full sun, dry and relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 625 m (2.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: moss overgrown stump of a cut down Picea abies in its late phase of disintegration.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa; Na Melu place, near cottage Trenta 2b, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: This mushroom usually appears in older literature as Galerina autumnalis. But extensive DNA study (Gulden and collaborators, 2001) has synonymized that species - along with Galerina oregonensis, Galerina unicolor, and Galerina venenata - with the older, European species first described in the 18th century, Galerina marginata. The mushroom is deadly poisonous (look at English common name). Growing in a loose group of about 15 pilei; pilei diameter 1.4 - 4.0 cm (measured as it is, not expanded), surface lubricous-waxy; stipe 4.0 - 6.2 cm long, diameter 2.8 - 7.8 mm, hollow, fibrous; taste not tested, smell indistinctive, on soil? SP abundant, rusty-brown, oac713.Spores minutely verrucose. Dimensions: 7.6 [8.5 ; 8.9] 9.8 x 5 [5.5 ; 5.7] 6.2 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.5 ; 1.6] 1.7; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 8.7 x 5.6 microns; Qe = 1.5. Basidia 4-sterigmate and also 2-sterigmate. Cystidia lageniform, with a long neck and a rounded or subclavate apex; smooth; thin-walled; dimensions: 38.4 [44.5 ; 48.1] 54.1 x 8.5 [10.1 ; 11] 12.5 microns; Q = 3.4 [4.2 ; 4.7] 5.5; N = 19; C = 95%; Me = 46.3 x 10.5 microns; Qe = 4.4. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (cystidia, trama), fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 5, Ulmer (2010), p 323. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.5. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 318. (3) www.mushroomexpert.com/galerina_marginata.html (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 360. (5) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 248. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 262.
Galerina-marginata_4
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Amadej Trnkoczy Flickr Group
Galerina marginata (Batsch) Khner, syn.: Galerina autumnalis (Peck) A.H. Sm. & Singer, Galerina unicolor (Vahl) Singer, Pholiota marginata (Batsch) Qul.Funeral Bell, DE: Gift-Hubling, Nadelholz-HublingSlo.: obrobljena kumicaDat.: Nov. 9. 2016Lat.:46.36118 Long.: 13.70112Code: Bot_1028/2016_DSC6439Habitat: pasture, slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; full sun, dry and relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 625 m (2.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: moss overgrown stump of a cut down Picea abies in its late phase of disintegration.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa; Na Melu place, near cottage Trenta 2b, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: This mushroom usually appears in older literature as Galerina autumnalis. But extensive DNA study (Gulden and collaborators, 2001) has synonymized that species - along with Galerina oregonensis, Galerina unicolor, and Galerina venenata - with the older, European species first described in the 18th century, Galerina marginata. The mushroom is deadly poisonous (look at English common name). Growing in a loose group of about 15 pilei; pilei diameter 1.4 - 4.0 cm (measured as it is, not expanded), surface lubricous-waxy; stipe 4.0 - 6.2 cm long, diameter 2.8 - 7.8 mm, hollow, fibrous; taste not tested, smell indistinctive, on soil? SP abundant, rusty-brown, oac713.Spores minutely verrucose. Dimensions: 7.6 [8.5 ; 8.9] 9.8 x 5 [5.5 ; 5.7] 6.2 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.5 ; 1.6] 1.7; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 8.7 x 5.6 microns; Qe = 1.5. Basidia 4-sterigmate and also 2-sterigmate. Cystidia lageniform, with a long neck and a rounded or subclavate apex; smooth; thin-walled; dimensions: 38.4 [44.5 ; 48.1] 54.1 x 8.5 [10.1 ; 11] 12.5 microns; Q = 3.4 [4.2 ; 4.7] 5.5; N = 19; C = 95%; Me = 46.3 x 10.5 microns; Qe = 4.4. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (cystidia, trama), fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 5, Ulmer (2010), p 323. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.5. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 318. (3) www.mushroomexpert.com/galerina_marginata.html (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 360. (5) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 248. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 262.
Galerina-marginata_2
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Amadej Trnkoczy Flickr Group
Galerina marginata (Batsch) Khner, syn.: Galerina autumnalis (Peck) A.H. Sm. & Singer, Galerina unicolor (Vahl) Singer, Pholiota marginata (Batsch) Qul.Funeral Bell, DE: Gift-Hubling, Nadelholz-HublingSlo.: obrobljena kumicaDat.: Nov. 9. 2016Lat.:46.36118 Long.: 13.70112Code: Bot_1028/2016_DSC6439Habitat: pasture, slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; full sun, dry and relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 625 m (2.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: moss overgrown stump of a cut down Picea abies in its late phase of disintegration.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa; Na Melu place, near cottage Trenta 2b, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: This mushroom usually appears in older literature as Galerina autumnalis. But extensive DNA study (Gulden and collaborators, 2001) has synonymized that species - along with Galerina oregonensis, Galerina unicolor, and Galerina venenata - with the older, European species first described in the 18th century, Galerina marginata. The mushroom is deadly poisonous (look at English common name). Growing in a loose group of about 15 pilei; pilei diameter 1.4 - 4.0 cm (measured as it is, not expanded), surface lubricous-waxy; stipe 4.0 - 6.2 cm long, diameter 2.8 - 7.8 mm, hollow, fibrous; taste not tested, smell indistinctive, on soil? SP abundant, rusty-brown, oac713.Spores minutely verrucose. Dimensions: 7.6 [8.5 ; 8.9] 9.8 x 5 [5.5 ; 5.7] 6.2 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.5 ; 1.6] 1.7; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 8.7 x 5.6 microns; Qe = 1.5. Basidia 4-sterigmate and also 2-sterigmate. Cystidia lageniform, with a long neck and a rounded or subclavate apex; smooth; thin-walled; dimensions: 38.4 [44.5 ; 48.1] 54.1 x 8.5 [10.1 ; 11] 12.5 microns; Q = 3.4 [4.2 ; 4.7] 5.5; N = 19; C = 95%; Me = 46.3 x 10.5 microns; Qe = 4.4. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (cystidia, trama), fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 5, Ulmer (2010), p 323. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.5. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 318. (3) www.mushroomexpert.com/galerina_marginata.html (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 360. (5) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 248. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 262.
Galerina-marginata_8
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Amadej Trnkoczy Flickr Group
Galerina marginata (Batsch) Khner, syn.: Galerina autumnalis (Peck) A.H. Sm. & Singer, Galerina unicolor (Vahl) Singer, Pholiota marginata (Batsch) Qul.Funeral Bell, DE: Gift-Hubling, Nadelholz-HublingSlo.: obrobljena kumicaDat.: Nov. 9. 2016Lat.:46.36118 Long.: 13.70112Code: Bot_1028/2016_DSC6439Habitat: pasture, slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; full sun, dry and relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 625 m (2.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: moss overgrown stump of a cut down Picea abies in its late phase of disintegration.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa; Na Melu place, near cottage Trenta 2b, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: This mushroom usually appears in older literature as Galerina autumnalis. But extensive DNA study (Gulden and collaborators, 2001) has synonymized that species - along with Galerina oregonensis, Galerina unicolor, and Galerina venenata - with the older, European species first described in the 18th century, Galerina marginata. The mushroom is deadly poisonous (look at English common name). Growing in a loose group of about 15 pilei; pilei diameter 1.4 - 4.0 cm (measured as it is, not expanded), surface lubricous-waxy; stipe 4.0 - 6.2 cm long, diameter 2.8 - 7.8 mm, hollow, fibrous; taste not tested, smell indistinctive, on soil? SP abundant, rusty-brown, oac713.Spores minutely verrucose. Dimensions: 7.6 [8.5 ; 8.9] 9.8 x 5 [5.5 ; 5.7] 6.2 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.5 ; 1.6] 1.7; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 8.7 x 5.6 microns; Qe = 1.5. Basidia 4-sterigmate and also 2-sterigmate. Cystidia lageniform, with a long neck and a rounded or subclavate apex; smooth; thin-walled; dimensions: 38.4 [44.5 ; 48.1] 54.1 x 8.5 [10.1 ; 11] 12.5 microns; Q = 3.4 [4.2 ; 4.7] 5.5; N = 19; C = 95%; Me = 46.3 x 10.5 microns; Qe = 4.4. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (cystidia, trama), fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 5, Ulmer (2010), p 323. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.5. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 318. (3) www.mushroomexpert.com/galerina_marginata.html (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 360. (5) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 248. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 262.
Galerina marginata
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Dick Culbert Flickr Group
Under names such as Funeral Bells, this poisonous species is found widely on conifer wood in temperate climates.
Galerina-marginata_spore_stat_2M
cc-by-nc-sa

Amadej Trnkoczy Flickr Group
Galerina marginata (Batsch) Khner, syn.: Galerina autumnalis (Peck) A.H. Sm. & Singer, Galerina unicolor (Vahl) Singer, Pholiota marginata (Batsch) Qul.Funeral Bell, DE: Gift-Hubling, Nadelholz-HublingSlo.: obrobljena kumicaDat.: Nov. 9. 2016Lat.:46.36118 Long.: 13.70112Code: Bot_1028/2016_DSC6439Habitat: pasture, slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; full sun, dry and relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 625 m (2.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: moss overgrown stump of a cut down Picea abies in its late phase of disintegration.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa; Na Melu place, near cottage Trenta 2b, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: This mushroom usually appears in older literature as Galerina autumnalis. But extensive DNA study (Gulden and collaborators, 2001) has synonymized that species - along with Galerina oregonensis, Galerina unicolor, and Galerina venenata - with the older, European species first described in the 18th century, Galerina marginata. The mushroom is deadly poisonous (look at English common name). Growing in a loose group of about 15 pilei; pilei diameter 1.4 - 4.0 cm (measured as it is, not expanded), surface lubricous-waxy; stipe 4.0 - 6.2 cm long, diameter 2.8 - 7.8 mm, hollow, fibrous; taste not tested, smell indistinctive, on soil? SP abundant, rusty-brown, oac713.Spores minutely verrucose. Dimensions: 7.6 [8.5 ; 8.9] 9.8 x 5 [5.5 ; 5.7] 6.2 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.5 ; 1.6] 1.7; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 8.7 x 5.6 microns; Qe = 1.5. Basidia 4-sterigmate and also 2-sterigmate. Cystidia lageniform, with a long neck and a rounded or subclavate apex; smooth; thin-walled; dimensions: 38.4 [44.5 ; 48.1] 54.1 x 8.5 [10.1 ; 11] 12.5 microns; Q = 3.4 [4.2 ; 4.7] 5.5; N = 19; C = 95%; Me = 46.3 x 10.5 microns; Qe = 4.4. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (cystidia, trama), fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 5, Ulmer (2010), p 323. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.5. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 318. (3) www.mushroomexpert.com/galerina_marginata.html (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 360. (5) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 248. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 262.