Lepidaploa tortuosa (L.) H. Rob.

Vernonia seemanniana Steetz; Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 139
1854.
Cacalia Seemanniana Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 970. 1891.
Stems shrubby, climbing, pubescent; leaf-blades subcoriaceous, ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 8-10 cm. long, 2.5-4 cm. wide, sharply acuminate, entire and frequently somewhat revolute, rounded or obtuse at the base, rugose, glabrous and shining above, resinousdotted and minutely puberulent beneath, especially along the prominently reticulate veins; inflorescence of numerous spreading cymes 1-2 dm. long; heads 10-15 mm. apart; involucre broadly campanulate, 6-8 mm. high; scales closely imbricate, the outer triangular-lanceolate, ciliate and pubescent, with a prominent midvein, the inner narrowly lanceolate, gradually tapering to a flat, obtuse and mucronate or acute, abruptly spreading tip less than 1 mm. wide; achenes hirsute with erect white hairs, 2 mm. long; pappus nearly white, the bristles 5 mm. long, the scales white and shining, nearly 1 mm. long.
Type locality: Chiriqui volcano, Veraguas, Costa Rica. Distribution: Costa Rica.

Vernonia schiedeana Less. Linnaea 6: 399. 1831
? Vernonia fragrans Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 1: 24. 1824. Cacalia Schiedeana Kuntze. Rev. Gen. 970. 1891. ? Cacalia fragrans Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 970. 1891.
Stems shrubby, climbing, 1-3 m. high, softly pubescent; leaf-blades thick, firm, coriaceous,
oblong-lanceolate, 10-15 cm. long, 2-5 cm. wide, abruptly acuminate, entire, narrowed to
an obtuse base, papillose-scabrous above and puberulent on the veins, papillose-strigose or
merely puberulent beneath; petioles 5-10 mm. long; inflorescence freely branched, of numerous,
lax, divaricate or recurved cymes; bracteal leaves resembling the cauline but much smaller;
heads about 40-flowered; involucre broadly campanulate, 8-10 mm. high, the outer and
middle scales sharply acute or acuminate with a prominent elevated midvein, essentially
glabrous, the inner scales oblong, ciliate, somewhat constricted near the apex and terminated
by a flat, broadly rounded or emarginate tip 2-3 mm. wide, incurved in bud and spreading
at anthesis; achenes hirsute, 2.5 mm. long; pappus pale straw-color or nearly white, the
bristles 7-8 mm. long, the outer scales linear, 1-2 mm. long.
Tvpe locality: Papantla [Veracruz]. Distribution: Vera Cruz to Honduras.