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Image of Enicostema axillare subsp. axillare
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Enicostema

Scientific Names

Preferred Names

Enicostema
Genus recognized by EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from Catalogue of Life in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Enicostema
Genus recognized by Eswatini Species List, wikipedia VI, EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1, EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1, Botswana Species List, Cocos Islands Species List, Costa Rica Species List, Dominica Species List, Dominican Republic Species List, Ethiopia Species List, Grenada Species List, Guyana Species List, India Species List, Kenya Species List, Madagascar Species List, Mongolia Species List, Montserrat Species List, Namibia Species List, Nicaragua Species List, Panama Species List, Somalia Species List, South Africa Species List, Tanzania Species List, Venezuela Species List, Yemen Species List, Cuba Species List, Indonesia Species List, Indian Ocean Species List, North Atlantic Species List, NCBI, wikidata_hierarchy tar gz, wikipedia ES, wikipedia PT, USDA PLANTS images, wikipedia EN, Wikidata Common Names, Wikimedia Commons, Barcode of Life Data Systems, iNaturalist data coverage, and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4
Enicostema
Recognized by Flora of Zimbabwe and Kubitzki et al
Enicostema Blume
Genus recognized by GBIF classification, Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024, USDA Plants data, Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Hierarchy, and GBIF data coverage

Alternative Names

Gentiana lignosa Murr.
Homotypic synonym according to GBIF classification
Adenema G. Don
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024
Enicostema
Harvest ancestor according to Plant Growth Form Data from NMNH Botany specimens, GBIF national node type records UK, GBIF national node type records France, Mozambique Species List, GBIF national node type records Germany, NMNH type specimens, iNaturalist, and Plant Forms, Habitat and Distribution
Enicostema Blume
Authority according to NCBI
Hippion F. W. Schmidt
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024
Lepinema Raf.
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024
Slevogtia Rchb.
Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024

Common Names

English

whitehead preferred
Recognized by USDA PLANTS images and Wikidata Common Names

Curated hierarchies for Enicostema

EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022

Life
Cellular Organisms
Eukaryota
Archaeplastida
Chloroplastida
Streptophyta
Embryophytes
Tracheophyta
Spermatophytes
Angiosperms
Eudicots
Superasterids
Asterids
Gentianales
Gentianaceae
Enicostema (this page)
Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A. Raynal
Enicostema elizabethae Veldkamp
Enicostema littorale Bl.
Adenolisianthus
Anthocleista
Aripuana
Bartonia
Bisgoeppertia
Blackstonia
Calolisianthus
Canscora
Canscorinella
Celiantha
Centaurium
Chelonanthus
Chironia
Chorisepalum
Cicendia
Comastoma
Congolanthus
Coutoubea
Cracosna
Crawfurdia
Curtia
Cyrtophyllum
Deianira
Djaloniella
Duplipetala
Eustoma
Exaculum
Exacum
Exochaenium
Fagraea
Faroa
Frasera
Geniostemon
Gentiana
Gentianella
Gentianopsis
Gentianothamnus
Gyrandra
Halenia
Hockinia
Hoppea
Irlbachia
Ixanthus
Jaeschkea
Karina
Klackenbergia
Latouchea
Lehmanniella
Limahlania
Lisianthus
Lomatogoniopsis
Lomatogonium
Macrocarpaea
Megacodon
Microcala
Microrphium
Neblinantha
Neurotheca
Obolaria
Oreonesion
Ornichia
Orphium
Phyllocyclus
Picrophloeus
Potalia
Prepusa
Pterygocalyx
Pycnosphaera
Rogersonanthus
Roraimaea
Sabatia
Saccifolium
Schenkia
Schinziella
Schultesia
Sebaea
Senaea
Sipapoantha
Swertia
Symbolanthus
Symphyllophyton
Tachia
Tachiadenus
Tapeinostemon
Tetrapollinia
Tripterospermum
Urogentias
Utania
Veratrilla
Voyria
Voyriella
Yanomamua
Zeltnera
Zonanthus
Zygostigma

Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024

Biota
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Gentianales Juss. ex Bercht. & J. Presl
Gentianaceae Juss.
Enicostema Blume (this page)
Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A. Raynal
Enicostema elizabethae Veldkamp
Enicostema littorale Blume
Adenolisianthus (Progel) Gilg
Anthocleista Afzel. ex R. Br.
Aripuana Struwe, Maas & V. A. Albert
Bartonia Muhl. ex Willd.
Bisgoeppertia Kuntze
Blackstonia Huds.
Calolisianthus Gilg
Canscora Lam.
Canscorinella Shahina & Nampy
Celiantha Maguire
Centaurium Hill
Chelonanthus Gilg
Chironia L.
Chorisepalum Gleason & Wodehouse
Cicendia (Adans.) Belli
Comastoma (Wettst.) Toyok.
Congolanthus A. Raynal
Coutoubea Aubl.
Cracosna Gagnep.
Crawfurdia Wall.
Curtia Cham. & Schltdl.
Cyrtophyllum Reinw. ex Blume
Deianira Cham. & Schltdl.
Djaloniella P. Taylor
Duplipetala Thiv
Eustoma Salisb.
Exaculum Caruel
Exacum L.
Exochaenium Griseb.
Fagraea Thunb.
Faroa Welw.
Frasera Walter
Geniostemon Engelm. & A. Gray
Gentiana L.
Gentianella Moench
Gentianopsis Ma
Gentianothamnus Humbert
Gyrandra Griseb.
Halenia Borkh.
Hockinia Gardner
Hoppea Willd.
Irlbachia Mart.
Ixanthus Griseb.
Jaeschkea Kurz
Karina Boutique
Klackenbergia Kissling
Kuepferia Adr. Favre
Latouchea Franch.
Lehmanniella Gilg
Limahlania K. M. Wong & Sugumaran
Lisianthus P. Browne
Lomatogoniopsis T. N. Ho & S. W. Liu
Lomatogonium A. Braun
Macrocarpaea (Griseb.) Gilg
Megacodon (Hemsl.) Harry Sm.
Metagentiana T. N. Ho & S. W. Liu
Microcala Hoffmanns. & Link
Microrphium C. B. Clarke
Neblinantha Maguire
Neurotheca Salisb. ex Benth. & Hook. fil.
Obolaria L.
Oreonesion A. Raynal
Ornichia Klack.
Orphium E. Mey.
Phyllocyclus Kurz
Picrophloeus Blume
Potalia Aubl.
Prepusa Mart.
Pterygocalyx Maxim.
Pycnosphaera Gilg
Rogersonanthus Maguire & B. M. Boom
Roraimaea Struwe, S. Nilsson & V. A. Albert
Sabatia Adans.
Saccifolium Maguire & Pires
Schenkia Griseb.
Schinziella Gilg
Schultesia Mart.
Sebaea Sol. ex R. Br.
Senaea Taub.
Sinogentiana Adr. Favre & Y. M. Yuan
Sipapoantha Maguire & B. M. Boom
Swertia L.
Symbolanthus G. Don
Symphyllophyton Gilg
Tachia Aubl.
Tachiadenus Griseb.
Tapeinostemon Benth.
Tetrapollinia Maguire & B. M. Boom
Tripterospermum Blume
Urogentias Gilg & Gilg-Ben.
Utania G. Don
Veratrilla Baill. & Franch.
Voyria Aubl.
Voyriella Miq.
Yanomamua J. R. Grant, Maas & Struwe
Zeltnera G. Mans.
Zonanthus Griseb.
Zygostigma Griseb.

Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.3

Enicostema (this page)
Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A. Raynal
Enicostema elizabethae Veldkamp
Enicostema littorale Bl.
Adenolisianthus
Anthocleista
Aripuana
Bartonia
Bisgoeppertia
Blackstonia
Calolisianthus
Canscora
Canscorinella
Celiantha
Centaurium
Chelonanthus
Chironia
Chorisepalum
Cicendia
Comastoma
Congolanthus
Coutoubea
Cracosna
Crawfurdia
Curtia
Cyrtophyllum
Deianira
Djaloniella
Duplipetala
Eustoma
Exaculum
Exacum
Exochaenium
Fagraea
Faroa
Frasera
Geniostemon
Gentiana
Gentianella
Gentianopsis
Gentianothamnus
Gyrandra
Halenia
Hockinia
Hoppea
Irlbachia
Ixanthus
Jaeschkea
Karina
Klackenbergia
Latouchea
Lehmanniella
Limahlania
Lisianthus
Lomatogoniopsis
Lomatogonium
Macrocarpaea
Megacodon
Microcala
Microrphium
Neblinantha
Neurotheca
Obolaria
Oreonesion
Ornichia
Orphium
Phyllocyclus
Picrophloeus
Potalia
Prepusa
Pterygocalyx
Pycnosphaera
Rogersonanthus
Roraimaea
Sabatia
Saccifolium
Schenkia
Schinziella
Schultesia
Sebaea
Senaea
Sipapoantha
Swertia
Symbolanthus
Symphyllophyton
Tachia
Tachiadenus
Tapeinostemon
Tetrapollinia
Tripterospermum
Urogentias
Utania
Veratrilla
Voyria
Voyriella
Yanomamua
Zeltnera
Zonanthus
Zygostigma

EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1

Life
Cellular Organisms
Eukaryota
Archaeplastida
Chloroplastida
Streptophyta
Embryophytes
Tracheophyta
Spermatophytes
Angiosperms
Eudicots
Superasterids
Asterids
Gentianales
Gentianaceae
Enicostema (this page)
Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A. Raynal
Enicostema elizabethae Veldkamp
Enicostema littorale Bl.
Adenolisianthus
Anthocleista
Aripuana
Bartonia
Bisgoeppertia
Blackstonia
Calolisianthus
Canscora
Canscorinella
Celiantha
Centaurium
Chelonanthus
Chironia
Chorisepalum
Cicendia
Comastoma
Congolanthus
Coutoubea
Cracosna
Crawfurdia
Curtia
Cyrtophyllum
Deianira
Djaloniella
Duplipetala
Eustoma
Exaculum
Exacum
Exochaenium
Fagraea
Faroa
Frasera
Geniostemon
Gentiana
Gentianella
Gentianopsis
Gentianothamnus
Gyrandra
Halenia
Hockinia
Hoppea
Irlbachia
Ixanthus
Jaeschkea
Karina
Klackenbergia
Latouchea
Lehmanniella
Limahlania
Lisianthus
Lomatogoniopsis
Lomatogonium
Macrocarpaea
Megacodon
Microcala
Microrphium
Neblinantha
Neurotheca
Obolaria
Oreonesion
Ornichia
Orphium
Phyllocyclus
Picrophloeus
Potalia
Prepusa
Pterygocalyx
Pycnosphaera
Rogersonanthus
Roraimaea
Sabatia
Saccifolium
Schenkia
Schinziella
Schultesia
Sebaea
Senaea
Sipapoantha
Swertia
Symbolanthus
Symphyllophyton
Tachia
Tachiadenus
Tapeinostemon
Tetrapollinia
Tripterospermum
Urogentias
Utania
Veratrilla
Voyria
Voyriella
Yanomamua
Zeltnera
Zonanthus
Zygostigma

EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4

Enicostema (this page)
Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A. Raynal
Enicostema elizabethae Veldkamp
Enicostema littorale Bl.
Adenolisianthus
Anthocleista
Aripuana
Bartonia
Bisgoeppertia
Blackstonia
Calolisianthus
Canscora
Canscorinella
Celiantha
Centaurium
Chelonanthus
Chironia
Chorisepalum
Cicendia
Comastoma
Congolanthus
Coutoubea
Cracosna
Crawfurdia
Curtia
Cyrtophyllum
Deianira
Djaloniella
Duplipetala
Eustoma
Exaculum
Exacum
Exochaenium
Fagraea
Faroa
Frasera
Geniostemon
Gentiana
Gentianella
Gentianopsis
Gentianothamnus
Gyrandra
Halenia
Hockinia
Hoppea
Irlbachia
Ixanthus
Jaeschkea
Karina
Klackenbergia
Latouchea
Lehmanniella
Limahlania
Lisianthus
Lomatogoniopsis
Lomatogonium
Macrocarpaea
Megacodon
Microcala
Microrphium
Neblinantha
Neurotheca
Obolaria
Oreonesion
Ornichia
Orphium
Phyllocyclus
Picrophloeus
Potalia
Prepusa
Pterygocalyx
Pycnosphaera
Rogersonanthus
Roraimaea
Sabatia
Saccifolium
Schenkia
Schinziella
Schultesia
Sebaea
Senaea
Sipapoantha
Swertia
Symbolanthus
Symphyllophyton
Tachia
Tachiadenus
Tapeinostemon
Tetrapollinia
Tripterospermum
Urogentias
Utania
Veratrilla
Voyria
Voyriella
Yanomamua
Zeltnera
Zonanthus
Zygostigma

GBIF classification

Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Gentianales
Gentianaceae
Enicostema Blume (this page)
Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A. Raynal
Enicostema elizabethae Veldkamp
Enicostema littorale Blume
Adenolisianthus Gilg
Adenopogon Welw.
Aloitis Raf.
Amarella Gilib.
Aripuana Struwe, Maas & V. A. Albert
Bartonia Muhl. ex Willd.
Bisgoeppertia Kuntze
Blackstonia Huds.
Calolisianthus Gilg
Canscora Lam.
Celiantha Maguire
Centaurodes Moehring ex O. Kuntze 1891
Chelonanthus Gilg
Chironia L.
Chondrophylla (Bunge) A. Nelson
Chorisepalum Gleason & Wodehouse
Cicendia Adans.
Coilantha Borkh.
Comastoma Toyokuni
Congolanthus A. Raynal
Coutoubea Aubl.
Cracosna Gagnep.
Crawfurdia Wall.
Curtia Cham. & Schltdl.
Dasystephana Adans.
Deianira Cham. & Schltdl.
Djaloniella P. Taylor
Duplipetala Thiv
Erythraea Renealm. ex Borkh.
Eudoxia D. Don ex G. Don
Eustoma Salisb.
Exaculum Caruel
Exacum L.
Exadenus Griseb.
Fagraea Thunb.
Faroa Welw.
Frasera Walter
Gentiana L.
Gentianella Moench
Gentianodes Á. Löve & D. Löve
Gentianopsis Ma
Gentianothamnus Humbert
Gentianusa Pohl
Glyphospermum G. Don
Gonipia Raf.
Halenia Borkh.
Helia Mart.
Hippion F. W. Schmidt
Hockinia Gardner
Hoppea Willd.
Irlbachia Mart.
Ixanthus Griseb.
Jaeschkea Kurz
Karina Boutique
Klackenbergia Kissling
Latouchea Franch.
Lehmanniella Gilg
Leucocraspedum Rydb.
Lisianthius P. Browne
Lomatogoniopsis T. N. Ho & S. W. Liu
Lomatogonium A. Braun
Macrocarpaea Gilg
Megacodon (Hemsl.) Harry Sm.
Meristostylis Klotzsch
Microrphium C. B. Clarke
Neblinantha Maguire
Neurola Raf.
Neurotheca Salisb. ex Benth. & Hook. fil.
Obolaria
Orphium E. Mey.
Phyllocyclus Kurz
Picrophloeus Blume 1827
Pleienta Raf.
Pleurogyne Griseb.
Prepusa Mart.
Pycnosphaera Gilg
Reichertia Karst.
Rogersonanthus Maguire & B. M. Boom
Roraimaea Struwe, S. Nilsson & V. A. Albert
Sabatia Adans.
Schinziella Gilg
Schultesia Mart.
Sebaea Sol. ex R. Br.
Shultzia Raf.
Swertia L.
Symbolanthus G. Don
Symphyllophyton Gilg
Tachia Aubl.
Tachiadenus Griseb.
Tapeinostemon Benth.
Tetrapollinia Maguire & B. M. Boom
Urogentias Gilg & Gilg-Ben.
Utania G. Don
Veratrilla Franch.
Voyriella Miq.
Xolemia Raf.
Yanomamua J. R. Grant, Maas & Struwe
Zeltnera G. Mans.
Zonanthus Griseb.
Zygostigma Griseb.
29 additional siblings truncated for brevity.
See the resource file for a full list.

Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Hierarchy

Plantae
Viridiplantae
Streptophyta
Embryophyta
Tracheophyta
Spermatophytina
Magnoliopsida
Asteranae
Gentianales
Gentianaceae
Enicostema Blume (this page)
Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A. Raynal
Enicostema verticillatum (L.) Engl. ex Gilg
Bartonia Muhl. ex Willd.
Centaurium Hill
Cicendia Adans.
Comastoma Toyok.
Eustoma Salisb.
Fagraea Thunb.
Frasera Walter
Gentiana L.
Gentianella Moench
Gentianopsis Ma
Halenia Borkh.
Lisianthius P. Browne
Lomatogonium A. Braun
Obolaria L.
Prepusa Mart.
Sabatia Adans.
Schenkia Griseb.
Schultesia Mart.
Swertia L.
Voyria Aubl.
Zeltnera G. Mans.

NCBI

root
cellular organisms
Eukaryota
Viridiplantae
Streptophyta
Streptophytina
Embryophyta
Tracheophyta
Euphyllophyta
Spermatophyta
Magnoliopsida
Mesangiospermae
eudicotyledons
Gunneridae
Pentapetalae
asterids
lamiids
Gentianales
Gentianaceae
Potalieae
Faroinae
Enicostema (this page)
Enicostema axillare
Enicostema verticillatum
Djaloniella
Faroa
Neurotheca
Oreonesion
Pycnosphaera
Urogentias

wikidata_hierarchy tar gz

Biota
Eukaryota
Plantae
Embryophyta siphonogama
Angiospermae
Dicotyledones
Sympetalae
Contortae
Gentianaceae
Enicostema (this page)
Enicostema axillare
Enicostema elizabethae
Enicostema hyssopifolium
Enicostema latiloba
Enicostema latilobum
Enicostema littorale
Enicostema verticillatum
Adenema
Adenolisianthus
Adenopogon
Aliopsis
Anagallidium
Anthocleista
Aripuana
Bartonia
Belmontia
Bisgoeppertia
Blackstonia
Canscora
Celiantha
Centaurium
Chironieae
Chondropsis
Chorisepalum
Cicendia
Comastoma
Congolanthus
Coutoubea
Cracosna
Crawfurdia
Curtia
Djaloniella
Duplipetala
Eustoma
Exaceae
Exaculum
Exacum
Fagraea
Faroa
Frasera
Geniostemon
Gentianeae
Gentianella
Gentianoideae
Gentianopsis
Gentianothamnus
Halenia
Helieae
Hockinia
Hoppea
Irlbachia
Ixanthus
Jaeschkea
Klackenbergia
Kurramiana
Lagenanthus
Lapithea
Latouchea
Lehmanniella
Leiphaimos
Lisianthius
Lomatogoniopsis
Lomatogonium
Macrocarpaea
Microcala
Monodiella
Neblinantha
Neurotheca
Ophelia
Opsantha
Ornichia
Pleurogynella
Potalia
Potalieae
Potalioideae
Prepusa
Pterygocalyx
Purdieanthus
Pycnosphaera
Rogersonanthus
Roraimaea
Sabatia
Saccifolieae
Saccifolium
Schenkia
Schinziella
Sebaea
Sipapoantha
Swertia
Symbolanthus
Tachia
Tachiadenus
Tapeinostemon
Tetrapollinia
Tripterospermum
Veratrilla
Voyria
Voyrieae
Voyriella
Wurdackanthus
Xestaea
Yanomamua
Zygostigma
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