Antispila oinophylla Van Nieukerken & Wagner

Adult (Figs 1–5). Head face and vertex covered with appressed, strongly metallic, silvery-white scales, more prominently raised in male. Palpi porrect, white; base of proboscis covered with white scales. Antenna fuscous, apical 1 or 2 flagellomeres white. Labial palp silvery white, slightly upturned. Thorax lead-coloured, shiny, contrasting with forewings. Legs grey, tarsi mostly yellowish white, especially on undersides. Forewing dark fuscous with silver-golden patterning; an outwardly oblique fascia from 1/8 of posterior margin to 1/4 of costa, narrowing towards costa; triangular (dorsal) spot at middle of posterior margin, reaching to middle of wing, smaller triangular costal spot just beyond middle, sometimes touching dorsal spot; small, silvery subapical spot in middle of wing at 3/4; fringe line distinct. Terminal fringe paler. Hindwing pale grey. Abdomen lead-coloured, including vestiture on external genitalia. Measurements: male: forewing length 2.5–2.8 mm (2.6 ± 0.10, n=11), wingspan 5.5–6.2 mm, 25–31 antennal segments (29.1 ± 1.9, n=11); female: forewing length 2.3–2.8 mm (2.5 ± 0.16, n=10), wingspan 4.8–5.6 mm, 25–29 antennal segments (27.2 ± 1.4, n=8). Venation (Fig. 6). Forewing with Sc barely visible. R1 a separate vein, connected by persistent trachea to Rs+M stem. Rs+M terminating in five branches, interpreted as Rs2 (possibly with 1) to costa, Rs3+4 to costa just before apex, M1 to dorsum just beyond apex, M2+3 to dorsum and a weakly developed CuA. A1+2 a strong separate vein. Hindwing with Sc barely or not visible, Rs+M a strong vein, bifurcate from ca. 1/4th, upper vein ending in two branches: Rs and M1, lower vein single (M3); Cu and A1+2 separate veins. Compared to the complicate venation of many other Antispila species, including the type species Antispila metalella, (example in Fig. 7, Antispila treitschkiella) venation reduced with loss of forewing cell, separate M stem and connection between R1 and Rs, loss of Rs1 and in hindwing loss of M2. The venation more closely resembles that of Holocacista rivillei (Fig. 8), which is even more reduced and also lacks Cu in the forewing. Male genitalia (Figs 9–16). Uncus bar-shaped, with two large setae dorsally. Vinculum very long, anteriorly rounded, posteriorly shallowly bilobed. Valva more or less triangular, pecten on pedicel, with 10–13 comb teeth (Fig. 15); inner margin of valva with setose lobe anterior to pecten pedicel; basally with a triangular protuberance, almost touching that of other valva; transtilla with trapezoid medial plate, sublateral processes relatively short. Juxta anteriorly spade-shaped, about half as long as phallus. Phallus long, anteriorly much widened, at phallotrema with a comb of about 10–12 strong teeth and at left side a very long curved process (Figs 10–12, 16). Female genitalia (Figs 17–20). Ovipositor with 4–5 cusps at either side (Fig. 19). S8 medially indented, with many papillate setal sockets. Vestibulum with broad, indistinct sclerotization and no spines (Fig. 18).

(Fig. 29, 62). In North America, Antispila oinophylla is known with certainty (material cited) from Canada: Ontario, Quebec; USA: Connecticut, Georgia, Kentucky, New York, Tennessee, and Vermont. Records under Antispila ampelopsifoliella from Maine, Missouri, and Ohio (Brower 1984, Forbes 1923) may partly refer to this species. In Europe introduced into northern Italy, see below. In our experience in the southern Appalachians and New England, at least in the fall, Antispila oinophylla is often the most abundant Antispila species occurring on Vitis.