Adiernia semiadusta

Adiernia semiadusta Enderlein. Orig. desig
Antenna short, not more than 1 1/3X head width; 1st segment longer than broad; 2nd segment broader than long; 3rd segment of female antenna laterally compressed, slightly increasing in width toward apex, apex rounded (Fig. 237). Clypeus truncate to subtruncate, about 2X broader than long; labrum truncate; malar space subequal to or slightly less than diameter of front ocellus; mandibles "inflated," bulbous and very large at base tapering to narrow apex in lateral view (Fig. 239); right mandible with tooth near base, left mandible simple or 1 or 2 crenulations near center (Fig. 240); palpi short, less than eye length, maxillary and labial palpi each 3-segmented, with labial palpus subequal to or longer than maxillary palpus, labium simple, without lobes (Fig. 241); eyes small, far apart, scarcely converging below, lower interocular distance about 2X eye length (Fig. 238); head from above enlarged behind eyes, postocellar area long, convex. Forewing (Fig. 236) with radial cell open to faintly closed (R may be faint thus cell sometimes appearing open) with long accessory vein at apex; costa narrower than intercostal area; no intercostal crossvein (Sc); distance between M and Rs+M on Sc+R half or less length of vein M; 3 cubital cells, the last closed cell about as long on radius as on cubitus; small basal anal cell present (forewing of male with costa about as broad as intercostal area). Hindwing (Fig. 236) with anal cell present, of various lengths. Hindbasitarsus
about as long as remaining tarsal segments combined. Each tarsal claw with inner tooth and basal lobe (Figs. 242, 243), or only foreclaw with inner tooth and basal lobe and midand hindclaws simple each with basal lobe.
These are large, plump species, mostly 9-15 mm long. Many are orange or orange and black with the forewing hyaline or darkly black infuscated and the apex beyond the stigma hyaline. The enlarged mandibles and reduced palpi with the labium lacking lobes are distinctive for Themos though the mandibles of a few genera such as Durgoa approach them in size.
Malaise (1955) gave a key to Themos and (1949) a key to Adiernia. Adierna included those species with the foreclaw bifid and the midand hindclaws simple with a basal lobe, and Themos included those species with each tarsal claw bifid. However because of the similarity of mandibles, palpi, and other characters including those of the lancet and male genitalia, I believe all the species included belong to one unit. The male is known for only two species, thus unassociated males may not be correctly identified using the following key. Coloration of sexes, where both are known, is very different.
The biology of one species, olfersii, was studied in detail by Dias (1975). He discussed the maternal care of the eggs and larvae by the female and gregarious feeding habits of the larvae. The larvae form cocoons in the soil under the host plant, but it is not known if they cocoon together or not. The cocoon site differs from that of other Dielocerinae which form mass cocoons on tree or shrub trunks and have a communal covering.
Representatives of Themos occur from Venezuela and Surinam south to Bolivia and southern Brazil. Wings hyaline (each tarsal claw with small or large inner tooth) 2
Forewing dark black to purplish, apex of wing beyond stigma hyaline 4
Yellow, with 3rd or 2nd and 3rd antennal segments, extreme apices of tibiae, and veins (Sc+R, M, M+Cu, 1A, cu-a, CUjb, and apex of Rs) in basal half of forewing black (specimen from Venezuela has mesostemum black, apex of
stigma black, and most of tarsal segments 2-4 black) laqueatus (Enderlein) (F)
Black and orange, at least dorsum of head, mesonotum, and apex of abdomen black, veins and stigma black 3
Mesopleuron and mesostemum orange; abdomen orange with apex black; legs orange nigronotum Malaise (M)
Mesopleuron and mesostemum black; abdomen black with basal 2-3 sterna orange; legs whitish with apical 4 tarsal segments, extreme apices of tibia, midand hindfemora except extreme apices, and coxae and inner surface and
apical 1/3 of outer surface of forefemur black (male genitalia as in Fig. 254) olfersii (Klug) (M)
Abdomen orange 5
Abdomen black 8
5. Foretarsal claw with inner tooth (Fig. 242), midand hindtarsal claws simple with only basal lobe (Fig. 243); midclaw
sometimes with minute inner tooth 6
— Each tarsal claw with inner tooth and basal lobe (Fig. 242) 7
6. Apical tarsal segment pale, rest of tarsi black or with black stripe on inner surface; 3rd antennal segment with yellowishbrown pubescense; apex of stigma yellow semiadusta (Enderlein) (F)
Tarsi black, only hindbasitarsus with pale stripe on outer surface at base; 3rd antennal segment with black pubescense;
stigma entirely black vigilax (Malaise) (F)
Sheath orange; body orange; tibiae brownish; about 15 mm long; lancet as in Fig. 249 boliviensis Smith (F)
— Sheath black; body yellowish; tibiae lined with black above, yellow below; about 9 mm long; lancet as in Fig. 251
(sheath as in Fig. 246) ochreus, new species (F)
8. Legs orange, or with only apical 1/5 of tibiae and entire tarsi black 9
— Midand hindlegs black or entire tibiae and tarsi black 10
9. Legs entirely orange, or extreme apices of tibiae, apices of basitarsi, and apical 4 tarsal segments blackish; abdomen
black ventrally; metanotum black; foretarsal claw with inner tooth (Fig. 242), midand hindtarsal claws simple with only basal lobe (Fig. 243); lancet as in Fig. 250, sheath as in Fig. 245 surinamensis (Klug) (F)
— Apical 1/5 of tibiae and entire tarsi of midand hindlegs black, those of foreleg black only on inner surface; basal
abdominal sterna orange; metanotum orange; each tarsal claw with inner tooth and basal lobe (Fig. 242); lancet as in Fig. 248, sheath as in Fig. 247 olfersii (Klug) (F)
10. Legs with apices of femora and tibiae and tarsi entirely black (each tarsal claw with inner tooth and basal lobe, Fig.
242; lancet as in Fig. 252; sheath as in Fig. 244; male genitalia as in Fig. 255) .... malaisei, new species (F, M)
— Midand hindlegs, except for trochanters, black; foreleg with most of tibia and entire tarsus black 11
11. Foretarsal claw with small inner tooth (Fig. 242), midand hindtarsal claws simple, only with basal lobe (Fig. 243)
similis Mocsary (F)
— Each tarsal claw with a long inner tooth and basal lobe (Fig. 242) (lancet as in Fig. 253) concinnus Mocsary (F) boliviensis Smith — Bolivia
*Themos boliviensis Smith 1 975 : 375, fig. 2 1 . F. "Rosario, Lake Rogagua, Bolivia" (Washington, F).
The lancet and structural characters are similar to those of malaisei, only the coloration differs between the two. This could be a color variety, but variation was not evident in series of malaisei studied.
concinnus Mocsary — Peru
*Themos concinnus Mocsary 1909: 8. F. "Peru: Pachitea" (Budapest, F).— Malaise 1955: 116.
One specimen other than the holotype has been examined, that a F from "El Campamiento, Peru."
hyaline Norton
Themos hyaline Norton 1 867: 58. M"Pennsylvania. One male. This came from the Smithsonian Institute and is marked Pennsylvania, but is probably from Mexico or South America." (lost ?).— Dalla Torre 1894: 318.— Konow 1905a: 27.— Malaise 1955: 1 16(?syn. of olfersii).— Smith 1971a: 524 (holotype not located).
Norton described a male, and the coloration he gives is similar to that of females of concinnus and similis, but the males of those species are not known. Norton's species cannot be placed until more information on males is available. Most Themos are known from females only. This species is not included in the key.
laqueatus (Enderlein) Ecuador; Venezuela
*Themus laqueatus Enderlein 1919: 118-119. F.
Banos" (Warszawa, F). Themos laqueatus: Malaise 1955: 116.
'Ecuador.
Enderlein examined "2 F", and both are at Warszawa. Both are labeled "Banos (Ecuad.) R. Haensch S.", one with the label "Type" the other "Co=Typus". The specimen labeled type is hereby designated lectotype, the other is a paralectotype. A female from Tabay, Venezuela (Townes Coll.) is similar to the types but has most of the second antennal segment orange, the mesosternum black, the apex of the stigma black, and the extreme apices of the basitarsi and most of tarsal segments 2-4 black. As I could not find structural differences, I regard this as a color variant.
malaisei. 239, Side view of mandibles of T. malaisei. 240, Mandibles of T. malaisei. 241, Palpi of T. malaisei. 242, Tarsal claw of T. malaisei. 243, Tarsal claw of T. surinamensis. Female sheaths of 244, T. malaisei; 245, T. surinamensis; 246, T. ochreus; 247, T. olfersii. Female lancets of 248, T. olfersii; 249, T. boliviensis; 250, T. surinamensis; 251, T. ochreus; 252, T. malaisei; 253, T. concinnus.
malaisei.
malaisei Smith, new species — Bolivia; Brazil (Goias, Mato Grosso, Sao Paulo)
Themos olfersii: Malaise 1955: 116 (misidentification).
Male. — Length, 11.0:13.0 mm. Coloration similar to that of female. Genitalia as in Fig. 255.
Holotype. — F, "Sao Paulo, Ypiranga, XII-32, 22.147" (Sao Paulo).
Paratypes. — BOLIVIA: Santiago, Santa Cruz, 8/ 13-11-1958, Monros (3 F). BRAZIL: Same data as for holotype (4 F, 2 M); same data as for holotype except XII-31 (1 F, 1 M); S. Paulo, XII-02, M. Beron lg. (1 F); S. Paulo, Ypiranga, Lange de Morretes, Coll. 1 -II1937 (1 F); Barueri, Sao Paulo, 3-II-1962, K. Lenko col. (with portion of leaf with eggs on surface) ( 1 F); Utiariti, Rio Papagaio Mato Grosso, 1-12. XI. 1966, Ko and Pereira ( 1 F); "22 147" (probably same as type locality) (2 F); Annapolis, Goiaz, XII-29-35, G. Fairchild, collector (1 F) (Sao Paulo, Cambridge, Tucuman, Washington).
Host. — According to Dias (personal correspondence), Luehea sp. (Tiliaceae).