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Conocephalum conicum (L.) Dumort.

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Associations

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Foodplant / pathogen
erumpent, scattered or grouped apothecium of Bryoscyphus conocephali infects and damages moribund plant of Conocephalum conicum

In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / pathogen
fruitbody of Loreleia marchantiae infects and damages moribund thallus of Conocephalum conicum

Foodplant / spot causer
pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph of Phyllosticta marchantiae causes spots on frond of Conocephalum conicum
Remarks: season: 9,5

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Comprehensive Description

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Conocephalum conicum (L.) Dumort. Comm. Bot. 115. 1822
Marchantia conica L. Sp. PI. 1138. 1753.
Conocephalum trioicum Weber; Wiggers, Prim. Fl. Holsat. 82. 1780.
Fegatella officinalis Raddi, Opusc. Sci. Bologna 2: 356. 1818.
Strozzia conica S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. PI. 1: 682. 1821.
Fegatella conica Corda, in Opiz, Beitr. 649. 1829.
Conocephalum nemorosum Hiiben. Hep. Germ. 9. 1834.
Conocephalum vulgare Bisch. Nova Acta Acad. Leop.-Carol. 17: 979. 1835.
Conocephalum officinale Trevisan, Rend. 1st. Lomb. II. 7: 785. 1874.
Hepatica conica Lindb. Hep. Utveckl. 16. 1877.
Fegatella japonica Stephani, Hedwigia 22: 50. 1883.
Asterella Kiaerii Kaalaas, Nyt Mag. Naturvid. 33: 78. 1893.
Conocephalum japonicum Schiffn. in E. &. P. Nat. Pfl. 13; 35. 1893.
Thallus pale-green to dark-green, thin but firm, the ventral surface often purplish, mostly 10-20 cm. long and 1-2 cm. wide, the upper surface divided into distinct polygonal areas, representing the air-spaces, each with a central pore; epidermal cells averaging about 50 X 30 M. those surrounding the pore strongly outwardly curved; colorless processes in the vicinity of the pores long and slender; ventral tissue composed ol cells with conspicuous pits, the slimesacs few but large; appendages of ventral scales orbicular to reniform, mostly 0.3-0.5 mm. long, entire, the marginal cells forming a more or less distinct border. Male receptacle about 0.5 cm. wide; female receptacle borne on a stalk 5-10 cm. long, the disc about 0.5 cm. high; spores green, ellipsoidal, multicellular, mostly 70-100 m in diameter; elaters irregular sometimes branched, mostly 12-20 ju wide. Tubers ventral, rarely produced, spheric, greenish or brownish, composed of parenchyma and covered with rhizoids.
Type IvOCality: Europe.
Distribution: Newfoundland to Alaska, southward to Georgia, New Mexico, and Arizona; also in Europe, the Atlantic Islands and Asia; on damp banks and rocks, especially along streams.
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bibliographic citation
Caroline Coventry Haynes, Marshall Avery Howe, Marshall Avery Howe, Alexander William Evans. 1923. SPHAEROCARPALES - MARCHANTIALES; SPHAEROCARPACEAE, RIELLACEAE; RICCIACEAE, CORSINIACEAE, TARGIONIACEAE, SAUTERIACEAE, REBOULIACEAE, MARCHANTIACEAE. North American flora. vol 14(1) New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
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Conocephalum conicum

provided by wikipedia EN

Conocephalum conicum, also known as the great scented liverwort or snakeskin liverwort, is a liverwort species in the genus Conocephalum.[1] C. conicum is part of the Conocephalum conicum complex, which includes several cryptic species.[2] The name C. conicum refers to the cone-shaped archegoniaphore, which bear sporangia.[3]

Habitat and distribution

C. conicum is one of the most common liverworts in northern hemisphere[4] and is widely distributed throughout Canada.[5]

C. conicum is found in open woodlands, sandy banks, wet rocks or cliffs and moist soils[3] and is strongly associated with calcareous substrates.[6]

Morphology

Thalli

C. conicum is the largest of the thalloid liverworts, growing up to 20 cm long.[5]

The thalli can grow to 17 mm wide. The thalli are very strong-smelling, with purplish margins; a dark green, leathery surface; flat and smooth. There is a set of lines running along the thalli's surface. The air pores, which are found between the lines, are more conspicuous.

Reproductive structures

Male plants bear unstalked, terminal cushions. Female plants have terminal conical receptacles on stalks, which are shortly lobed.[7]

Relationships with fungi

C. conicum has been associated with some species of fungi. These fungi form a highly branched mycelium outside of the plant which then colonize the outside of the rhizoids and pass into the gametophyte.[8]

References

  1. ^ Lunularic acid decarboxylase from the liverwort Conocephalum conicum. Robert J. Pryce, Linda LintonPhytochemistry, November 1974, Volume 13, Issue 11, Pages 2497–2501, doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86926-5
  2. ^ Szweykowski, J.; Buczkowska, K.; Odrzykoski, I. J. (2005-06-01). "Conocephalum salebrosum (Marchantiopsida, Conocephalaceae) – a new Holarctic liverwort species". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 253 (1): 133–158. doi:10.1007/s00606-005-0301-0. ISSN 1615-6110. S2CID 20076390.
  3. ^ a b "Conocephalum conicum | Introduction to Bryophytes". Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  4. ^ Ludwiczuk, Agnieszka; Odrzykoski, Ireneusz J.; Asakawa, Yoshinori (2013-11-01). "Identification of cryptic species within liverwort Conocephalum conicum based on the volatile components". Phytochemistry. 95: 234–241. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.06.011. ISSN 0031-9422. PMID 23835199.
  5. ^ a b "Biology 321 - UBC". www3.botany.ubc.ca. Retrieved 2022-01-30.
  6. ^ "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 2022-01-30.
  7. ^ Atherton, Ian D.M.; Bosanquet, Sam D.S.; Llawley, Mark, eds. (2010). Mosses and Liverworts of Britain and Ireland: A Field Guide (PDF). British Bryological Society. p. 255. ISBN 978-0956131010. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
  8. ^ Ligrone, R.; Lopes, C. (1989). "Cytology and development of a mycorrhiza-like infection in the gametophyte of Conocephalum conicum (L.) Dum. (Marchantiales, Hepatophyta)". New Phytologist. 111 (3): 423–433. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1989.tb00705.x. ISSN 1469-8137. PMID 33874002.

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Conocephalum conicum: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Conocephalum conicum, also known as the great scented liverwort or snakeskin liverwort, is a liverwort species in the genus Conocephalum. C. conicum is part of the Conocephalum conicum complex, which includes several cryptic species. The name C. conicum refers to the cone-shaped archegoniaphore, which bear sporangia.

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