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Devilshead

Echinocactus horizonthalonius Lem.

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The Sonoran Desert populations of Echinocactus horizonthalonius have been segregated as var. nicholii, but are relatively similar to plants in New Mexico and extreme western Texas. Much greater morphologic diversity exists farther east and in Mexico, where shorter-spined, nearly flat-topped plants, which are more distinctive than the Sonoran Desert populations, have escaped taxonomic distinction.
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Description

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Plants normally unbranched. Stems pale gray-green to bright gray-blue, flat-topped or hemi-spheric and deep-seated in sub-strate, spheric with age or stoutly short cylindric (remaining hemi-spheric at high elevations), 4-25(-45) × 8-15(-20) cm; ribs (7-)8(-9), vertical to helically curving around stem, rib crests broadly rounded, uninterrupted or slightly constricted between areoles. Spines (5-)8(-10) per areole, loosely projecting or strongly decurved, pink, gray, tan, or brown, strongly annulate-ridged, subulate, ± flattened, glabrous, generally not hiding stem surface; radial spines 5(-8) per areole, similar to central spines; central spines 1(-3) per areole, 18-43 × 1-2.5(-3) mm, longest spine usually descending, straight or decurved throughout its length. Flowers 5-7 × 5-6.5(-9.5) cm; inner tepals bright rose-pink or magenta, color ± uniform from base to apex, 3 × 1.5 cm, margins entire to serrate; stigma lobes pinkish to olive. Fruits indehiscent or weakly dehiscent through basal abscission pore, pink or red, spheric to ovoid-cylindric, surfaces partly or entirely hidden by hairs from axils of scales and long areolar hairs of stem apex, usually quickly drying to tan shell before seed dispersal, 10-30 mm; scales several, tips dark, spinelike, glabrous. Seeds black or gray, angular or slightly wrinkled, spheric to obovoid, 2-3 mm; testa cell surfaces slightly convex, with weak network pattern of slightly protruding anticlinal cell walls. 2n = 22.
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Flora of North America Vol. 4: 186, 189 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Distribution

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Ariz., N.Mex., Tex.; Mexico.
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Flora of North America Vol. 4: 186, 189 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flowering/Fruiting

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Flowering Apr-Sep.
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Flora of North America Vol. 4: 186, 189 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Habitat

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Arid rocky slopes, primarily limestone; 600-1700(-2500)m.
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Flora of North America Vol. 4: 186, 189 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Synonym

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Echinocactus horizonthalonius var. nicholii L. D. Benson
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Flora of North America Vol. 4: 186, 189 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Echinocactus horizonthalonius ( German )

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Frucht an Echinocactus horizonthalonius
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Echinocactus horizonthalonius
Tafel 117 von 1910 aus Blühende Kakteen

Echinocactus horizonthalonius ist eine Pflanzenart in der Gattung Echinocactus aus der Familie der Kakteengewächse (Cactaceae). Das Artepitheton horizonthalonius bedeutet ‚waagerechter Schildrand‘. Fremdsprachige Trivialnamen sind „Blue Barrel Cactus“, „Devil’s Head Cactus“, „Eagle-Claw Cactus“, „Mancacaballo“, „Mancamula“, „Melon Cactus“, „Turk’s Cap Cactus“, „Turk’s Head Cactus“ und „Viznaga Meloncillo“.

Beschreibung

Echinocactus horizonthalonius wächst einzeln oder bildet manchmal kleine Gruppen. Die niedergedrückt kugelförmigen bis kurz zylindrischen Triebe sind blaugrün und erreichen bei Durchmessern von 10 bis 15 Zentimetern Wuchshöhen von 10 bis 50 Zentimetern. Es sind meist 8 Rippen vorhanden, die etwas in Höcker gegliedert sind. Die 3 bis 5 steifen, etwas abgeflachten Mitteldornen sind grau bis schwärzlich und 2,5 bis 3 Zentimeter lang. Einer von ihnen ist meist abwärts gebogen. Die 5 bis 7 grauen Randdornen sind 2 bis 2,5 Zentimeter lang und leicht auswärts gebogen oder gerade.

Die rosafarben Blüten haben eine Länge von 5 bis 6,2 Zentimetern und erreichen Durchmesser von 5 bis 6,5 Zentimeter. Die anfangs saftigen, später vertrocknenden Früchte sind mit weicher, weißer Wolle besetzt und sind 2,5 Zentimeter lang.

Verbreitung, Systematik und Gefährdung

Echinocactus horizonthalonius ist im Süden der Vereinigten Staaten in den Bundesstaaten Arizona, New Mexico und Texas verbreitet. In Mexiko reicht das Verbreitungsgebiet im Süden bis nach San Luis Potosí.

Die Erstbeschreibung durch Charles Lemaire wurde 1839 veröffentlicht.[1] Ein nomenklatorisches Synonym ist Meyerocactus horizonthalonius (Lem.) Doweld (1996).

Es werden die folgenden Varietäten unterschieden:

  • Echinocactus horizonthalonius var. horizonthalonius
  • Echinocactus horizonthalonius var. nicholii L.D.Benson

Echinocactus horizonthalonius var. nicholii ist in den Vereinigten Staaten durch den US Endangered Species Act geschützt.[2]

In der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN wird die Art als „Least Concern (LC)“, d. h. als nicht gefährdet geführt.[3]

Nachweise

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

  1. C: Lemaire: Cactearum Genera Nova Speciesque Novae et Omnium in Horto Monvilliano. Paris 1839, S. 19 (online).
  2. Nichol's Turk's head cactus (Echinocactus horizonthalonius var. nicholii)
  3. Echinocactus horizonthalonius in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2020-3. Eingestellt von: Goettsch, B.K., Gómez-Hinostrosa, C., Heil, K., Terry, M. & Corral-Díaz, R., 2009. Abgerufen am 1. März 2021.

Weiterführende Literatur

  • Margrit E. McIntosha, Amy E. Boyd, Philip D. Jenkins, Lucinda A. McDade: Growth and Mortality in the Endangered Nichol’s Turk’s Head Cactus Echinocactus horizonthalonius var. nicholii (Cactaceae) in Southeastern Arizona, 1995–2008. In: The Southwestern Naturalist. Band 56, Nummer 3, 2011, S. 333–340 (doi:10.1894/F05-PHCC-01.1).

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Echinocactus horizonthalonius: Brief Summary ( German )

provided by wikipedia DE
 src= Frucht an Echinocactus horizonthalonius  src= Echinocactus horizonthalonius
Tafel 117 von 1910 aus Blühende Kakteen

Echinocactus horizonthalonius ist eine Pflanzenart in der Gattung Echinocactus aus der Familie der Kakteengewächse (Cactaceae). Das Artepitheton horizonthalonius bedeutet ‚waagerechter Schildrand‘. Fremdsprachige Trivialnamen sind „Blue Barrel Cactus“, „Devil’s Head Cactus“, „Eagle-Claw Cactus“, „Mancacaballo“, „Mancamula“, „Melon Cactus“, „Turk’s Cap Cactus“, „Turk’s Head Cactus“ und „Viznaga Meloncillo“.

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Echinocactus horizonthalonius

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Echinocactus horizonthalonius is a species of cactus known by several common names, including devilshead, turk's head cactus, blue barrel cactus, eagle's claw,[2] horse maimer,[2] horse crippler, and visnaga meloncillo. It is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, where it occurs in Chihuahuan Desert and Sonoran Desert habitats, particularly on limestone substrates. One of its varieties is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.

Description

This cactus is gray-green to blue-gray in color and spherical, hemispherical, columnar, or flat-topped in shape. It reaches a maximum size of about 45 centimeters tall by 20 wide. The body is made up of curving sections that twist around the body in a helical fashion. These sections are lined with areoles bearing up to 10 spines each. The pink, gray, or brown spines may be over 4 centimeters long.

The bright pink to magenta flowers are up to 7 to 9 centimeters wide.[3] Flowers open around midday and close for the night. They also open after the plant receives rainfall, and although most of the flowers occur in June, they may bloom again in late summer and fall if rain occurs.[4]

The fruit is hairy or woolly and pink or red in color.[3]

Varieties

The species is generally divided into two varieties.

References

  1. ^ "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  2. ^ a b Baker, M. (2007). A multivariate study of morphological characters for Echinocactus horizonthalonius and E. texensis (Cactaceae). USFWS.
  3. ^ a b Echinocactus horizonthalonius Flora of North America.
  4. ^ a b c USFWS. E. h. var. nicholii Five-year Review. July 2009.
  5. ^ USDA: Echinocactus horizonthalonius var. nicholii
  6. ^ McIntosh, Margrit E.; Boyd, Amy E.; Jenkins, Philip D.; McDade, Lucinda A. (2011). "Growth and Mortality in the Endangered Nichol's Turk's Head Cactus Echinocactus Horizonthalonius Var. Nicholii (Cactaceae) in Southeastern Arizona, 1995—2008". The Southwestern Naturalist. 56 (3): 333–340. doi:10.1894/F05-PHCC-01.1. ISSN 0038-4909. JSTOR 23028135. S2CID 84454130.
  7. ^ Thornton, Bill (May 2011). "The Nichol Turk's Head, a Conservation Success Story". Cactus and Succulent Journal. 83 (3): 107–108. doi:10.2985/0007-9367-83.3.107. ISSN 0007-9367. S2CID 83628263.
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Echinocactus horizonthalonius: Brief Summary

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Echinocactus horizonthalonius is a species of cactus known by several common names, including devilshead, turk's head cactus, blue barrel cactus, eagle's claw, horse maimer, horse crippler, and visnaga meloncillo. It is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, where it occurs in Chihuahuan Desert and Sonoran Desert habitats, particularly on limestone substrates. One of its varieties is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.

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Echinocactus horizonthalonius ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Echinocactus horizonthalonius, es una especie perteneciente a la familia Cactaceae.

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Ilustración
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Con Yucca endlichiana en su hábitat
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Flor

Lugar de origen

El Desierto de Sonora y de Chihuahua, en Estados Unidos y en México también se encuentra en algunos lugares de Saltillo Coahuila

Descripción

Cacto solitario, ocasionalmente amacolla. Tallo deprimido, globoso y cilíndrico, verde azulado, de 10 a 50 cm de alto y 10-15 cm de diámetro. Generalmente 8 costillas. Tubérculos redondeados en forma vertical. Espinas densas que disimulan el tallo y crecen en los bordes, de 3-5 espinas centrales, grises, aplanadas y algo curvadas hacia atrás, de 2,5-3 cm de largo; de 5-7 espinas radiales, curvadas pero más erectas, de 2-2,5 cm de largo. Flores rosas, de 5-6 cm de largo y ancho. Frutos cubiertos con una suave lana blanca, de 2,5 cm de largo.

Cultivo

Generalmente mediante semillas, también se multiplica por vástagos basales de plantas adultas.

Observaciones

Le dicen "Meloncillo". Existe otra variedad llamada nicholii. Temperatura media mínima 12º C. Pleno sol. Sustrato bien drenado. Poca agua en verano, seco en invierno.

Taxonomía

Echinocactus horizonthalonius fue descrita por Charles Lemaire y publicado en Cactearum Genera Nova Speciesque Novae 19–20. 1839.[2][3]

Etimología

Echinocactus: nombre genérico que deriva del término latino: echino = "erizo" y cactus, donde se refiere a que es un cactus con forma de erizo.

horizonthalonius: epíteto latino de horizonthal que significa "horizontal" y de halos = "plano".[4]

Sinonimia
  • Meyerocactus horizonthalonis
  • Echinocactus equitans Scheidw.
  • Echinocactus laticostatus Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow
  • Echinocactus pachycornis Muehlenpf.[3]

Referencias

  1. Goettsch, B.K., Gómez-Hinostrosa, C., Heil, K., Terry, M. & Corral-Díaz, R. 2013. Echinocactus horizonthalonius. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. Downloaded on 24 May 2015.
  2. «Echinocactus horizonthalonius». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultado el 18 de mayo de 2013.
  3. a b Echinocactus horizonthalonius en PlantList
  4. En Epítetos Botánicos

Bibliografía

  1. Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville.
  2. CONABIO. 2009. Catálogo taxonómico de especies de México. 1. In Capital Nat. México. CONABIO, Mexico City.
  3. Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Man. Vasc. Pl. Texas i–xv, 1–1881. The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson.
  4. Flora of North America Editorial Committee, e. 2003. Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1. Fl. N. Amer. 4: i–xxiv, 1–559.
  5. Shreve, F. & I. L. Wiggins. 1964. Veg. Fl. Sonoran Des. 2 vols. Stanford University Press, Stanford.

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Echinocactus horizonthalonius: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Echinocactus horizonthalonius, es una especie perteneciente a la familia Cactaceae.

 src= Ilustración  src= Con Yucca endlichiana en su hábitat  src= Flor
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Echinocactus horizonthalonius ( French )

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Echinocactus horizonthalonius est une espèce de la famille des cactus originaire des déserts de Sonora et de Chihuahua à cheval sur les États-Unis et le Mexique.

La plante, globuleuse, fait 10 à 50 cm de haut et 10 à 15 cm de diamètre.

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Echinocactus horizonthalonius ( Croatian )

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  • Preporučena temperatura: Dan: 12-24°C,Noć: 8-10°C
  • Tolerancija hladnoće: do -10°C najviše
  • Minimalna temperatura: 12°C
  • Izloženost suncu: cijelo vrijeme
  • Porijeklo: Meksiko (Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi),SAD(Arizona, Novi Meksiko)
  • Opis:cilindričan, raste pojedinačno, zelene boje, raste polako najviše 30 cm u visinu i 15 cm u širinu,ovaj kaktus na sebi ima 5-13 presjeka.
  • Potrebnost vode: treba biti vrlo oprezan kod davanja vode,ovaj kaktus treba vrlo malo vode,zimi ga treba držati suhim,mora imati dobru drenažu


Echinocactus horizonthalonius je najmanji kaktus u porodici Echinocactus.

Echinocactus horizonthalonius var. nicholii iz južne Arizone je smješten na popis ugroženih vrsta.

Echinocactus dolazi iz područja gdje nema mnogo vode,ali zato ima puno sunca,zbog toga traži isto takve uvjete.tj puno sunca i jako malo vode.Dolazi iz stjenovitog područja i zbog toga u mješavinu zemlje treba dodati nekoliko kamenčića.

  • Cvjetovi:
  • Echinocactus horizonthalonius ima rozo-crvene cvjetove koji nastaju od kraja ožujka do početka svibnja.Ima crvene plodove koji nastaju između svibnja i lipnja.
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Žemasis ežiakaktusis ( Lithuanian )

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Binomas Echinocactus horizonthalonius

Žemasis ežiakaktusis (Echinocactus horizonthalonius) – kaktusinių (Cactaceae) šeimos rutuliškos formos augalas. Stiebas iki 20 cm aukščio, dygliai išsidėstę įvairiai. Tai mažiausia ežiakaktusų genties rūšis. Be to, sunkiai auginama ir kaktusų mėgėjų kolekcijose, kadangi sėklos dygsta ir daigai auga blogai.

Žiedai rausvai violetiniai, iki 5 cm skersmens.

Auga JAV pietinėje dalyje (Arizonoje, Teksase), šiaurinėje Meksikoje.

Echinocactus horizonthalonius 1.jpg


Vikiteka

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Žemasis ežiakaktusis: Brief Summary ( Lithuanian )

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Žemasis ežiakaktusis (Echinocactus horizonthalonius) – kaktusinių (Cactaceae) šeimos rutuliškos formos augalas. Stiebas iki 20 cm aukščio, dygliai išsidėstę įvairiai. Tai mažiausia ežiakaktusų genties rūšis. Be to, sunkiai auginama ir kaktusų mėgėjų kolekcijose, kadangi sėklos dygsta ir daigai auga blogai.

Žiedai rausvai violetiniai, iki 5 cm skersmens.

Auga JAV pietinėje dalyje (Arizonoje, Teksase), šiaurinėje Meksikoje.

Echinocactus horizonthalonius 1.jpg


Vikiteka

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Echinocactus horizonthalonius ( Vietnamese )

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Echinocactus horizonthalonius là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cactaceae. Loài này được Lem. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1839.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Echinocactus horizonthalonius. Truy cập ngày 19 tháng 8 năm 2013.

Liên kết ngoài


Bài viết liên quan đến phân họ xương rồng Cactoideae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Echinocactus horizonthalonius: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Echinocactus horizonthalonius là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cactaceae. Loài này được Lem. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1839.

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太平丸 ( Chinese )

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二名法 Echinocactus horizonthalonius
Hildmann

太平丸学名Echinocactus horizonthalonius英语:Devil's-Head Cactus),又名花王丸金琥屬中植株最細小的品種,此亦只有這種開盤狀的花,产于美国西南部和墨西哥北部。是目前國際上的觀賞植物市場中最流行的一種仙人球

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太平丸: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

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