Associations
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Foodplant / gall
sorus of Bauhinus vinosus causes gall of inflated perianth of Oxyria digyna
Remarks: season: 7
Foodplant / open feeder
Hypera rumicis grazes on live leaf of Oxyria digyna
In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / spot causer
in sparsely scattered groups conidiophore of Pseudocercosporella anamorph of Mycosphaerella oxyriae causes spots on live leaf of Oxyria digyna
Foodplant / parasite
telium of Puccinia oxyriae parasitises live Oxyria digyna
Comments
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Morphological and physiological differences between arctic and alpine populations of
Oxyria in North America have been documented (H. A. Mooney and W. D. Billings 1961). Arctic plants (Alaska, northern Canada, and Greenland) taken from the field and grown in controlled environments tend to bear inflorescences with more branches, leaves with blades that are wider, and flowers with a more stable number of stamens as compared to alpine plants from populations in the south (California, Colorado, Montana, and Wyoming). Northern plants also have a greater tendency to reproduce asexually, often producing rhizomes and exhibiting relatively lower seed production.
Inuits consume the raw or cooked leaves and stems as a green or mixed with seal blubber or seal oil. Native American tribes in the Rocky Mountains also are reported to use the leaves as a salad (D. E. Moerman 1998). Caribou, muskoxen, and geese are reported to eat the leaves and stems, and arctic hares and lemmings consume the fleshy rhizomes (A. E. Porsild 1957).
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Description
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Plants (3-)5-50 cm. Stems 1-4(-8), often reddish, simple or branched distally. Leaves rarely 1-2 on stems, somewhat fleshy; ocrea hyaline or brownish hyaline, 2.5-10 mm, glabrous; petiole 1-15 cm; blade palmately veined with (5-)7(-9) basal veins, 0.5-6.5 × 0.5-6 cm, base cordate, apex rounded. Inflorescences (1-)2-20 cm; peduncle 1-17 cm. Pedicels spreading or reflexed, jointed proximal to middle, (1-)3-5 mm. Flowers 2-6 per ocreate fascicle; perianth 1-2.5 mm; outer 2 tepals spreading in fruit, navicular, 1.2-1.7 × 0.5-1 mm, inner 2 tepals appressed in fruit, broadly elliptic to orbiculate or obovate, 1.4-2.5 × 0.7-1.6 mm; stamens 1.5-2 mm; anthers 0.3-0.8(-1.1) mm; stigmas conspicuously exserted at anthesis, red. Achenes 3-4.5 × 2.5-5 mm including 2 wings, apex notched; wings reddish or pinkish, veiny. 2n = 14.
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Description
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Perennial herb, 25-45 cm tall, with prostrate or semierect glabrous, grooved stem. Leaves somewhat fleshy, radical, rarely cauline, glabrous; petiole 3-13 cm long, grooved; blade entire, orbicular, cordate, reniform to rounded-reniform, 2-4.5 cm in diameter, main veins more prominent below than above. Ochrea 0.75-1.5 cm long, brownish, acute, ± brittle. Flowers pedicellate, pedicel 1-2 mm long, accrescent in fruit, up to 3 mm, jointed below the middle, thickened above the joint. Perianth segments 4, pinkish white, outer 2 c.1.5 mm long, reflexed, avicularly folded, inner 2, 2-2.5 x 1-1.5 mm, obovate, adpressed to the fruit. Stamens 6, c. 2 mm long in two whorls, anthers basifixed. Ovary shorter than stamens. Fruit 2-winged, wings pinikish, orbicular, cordate, 2.5-3.5 mm across, equalling the nut.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Description
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Herbs perennial. Rhizomes stout, 5-10 mm in diam. Stems solitary or several from rhizome, erect, 15-30 cm tall, usually glabrous. Leaves nearly all basal; petiole 3-12 cm; leaf blade reniform or orbicular-reniform, 1.5-3 × 2-4 cm, papery, abaxially sparsely hirtellous along veins, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cordate, margin subentire, apex obtuse; cauline ones usually rudimentary; ocrea shortly tubular, membranous, apex oblique. Inflorescence terminal, paniculate; bracts membranous, each 2-5-flowered. Pedicels slender, articulate below middle. Flowers bisexual. Perianth greenish or pinkish; outer tepals smaller, deflexed; inner ones accrescent in fruit, obovate, appressed. Filaments dilated at base. Achenes ovoid, broadly winged at margin, 4-6 mm in diam.; wings pink, membranous, denticulate. Fl. Jun-Oct, fr. Jul-Nov. 2n = 14, 42.
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Distribution
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Europe, W. & C. Asia, Himalaya (Kashmir to Bhutan), Tibet,Siberia, W. China, Japan, N. America, Greenland.
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Distribution
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Distribution: Same as that of the genus.
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Distribution
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Greenland; Alta., B.C., Nfld. and Labr., N.W.T., N.S., Nunavut, Que., Yukon; Alaska, Ariz., Calif., Colo., Idaho, Mont., Nev., N.H., N.Mex., Oreg., S.Dak., Utah, Wash., Wyo.; Europe; Asia.
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Distribution
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Jilin, Liaoning, ?Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan [Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Japan, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyz-stan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia (Far East, Siberia), Sikkim, Tajikistan; SW Asia, Europe, North America].
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Elevation Range
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2400-5000 m
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Flower/Fruit
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Fl. Per.: May-August.
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Flowering/Fruiting
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Flowering Jun-Sep, fruiting Jul-Oct.
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Habitat
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Alpine slopes, grasslands, wet valleys; 1300-4900 m.
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Habitat
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A very common plant of high altitudes, grows in wet soil and shady areas. Useful as greens.
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Habitat
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Early melting snowbeds and zones of snow accumulation, gravel bars, mudflats, tundra, scree slopes, crevices in rock outcrops, talus slopes; 0-4200m.
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Synonym
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Rumex digynus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 337. 1753; Oxyria digyna f. elatior R. Brown; O. elatior R. Brown ex Meisner; O. reniformis Hooker; O. reniformis var. elatior Regel.
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Synonym
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Rumex digynus L., Sp. Pl. 337. 1753.
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Synonym
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Rumex digynus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 337. 1753
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Oxyria digyna
provided by wikipedia EN
Oxyria digyna (mountain sorrel,[1] wood sorrel, Alpine sorrel or Alpine mountain-sorrel) is a species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family (Polygonaceae).[2] It is native to arctic regions and mountainous parts of the Northern Hemisphere.
Description
Mountain sorrel is a perennial plant with a tough taproot; the plant grows to a height of 10 to 30 cm (4 to 12 in). It grows in dense tufts, with stems that are usually unbranched and hairless. Both flowering stems and leaf stalks are somewhat reddish. The leaves are kidney-shaped, somewhat fleshy, on stalks from the basal part of the stem. Flowers are small, green and later reddish, and are grouped in an open upright cluster. The fruit is a small nut, encircled by a broad wing which finally turns red.[3] Forming dense, red tufts, the plant is easily recognized. Oxyria digyna grows in wet places protected by snow in winter. Oxyria (from Greek) means "sour".[2]
Distribution and habitat
Mountain sorrel is common in the tundra of the Arctic. Further south, it has a circumboreal distribution, growing in high mountainous areas in the Northern Hemisphere such as the Alps, the Sierra Nevada, and the Cascade Range. It typically grows in alpine meadows, scree, snow-bed sites and beside streams.[3]
On the coast of Norway, the pollen of this plant has been found in peat bogs that are 12,600 years old, indicating that it must have been one of the first plants to colonise the area after the retreating ice age glaciers.[3]
Deer and elk favor the plant.[4]
Uses
The leaves of mountain sorrel have a sour or fresh acidic taste (due to oxalic acid) and are rich in vitamin C, containing about 36 mg/100 g.[5][6] They can be eaten raw or cooked.[6][7] They were used by the Inuit to prevent and cure scurvy. The plant is important for both insects and larger animals that feed on it in arctic and alpine regions where it occurs.[8]
References
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^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
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^ a b Sierra Nevada Wildflowers, Karen Wiese, 2nd ed., 2013, p. 108
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^ a b c "Mountainsorrel: Oxyria digyna". NatureGate. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
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^ Reiner, Ralph E. (1969). Introducing the Flowering Beauty of Glacier National Park and the Majestic High Rockies. Glacier Park, Inc. p. 122.
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^ Vitamin C in the Diet of Inuit Hunters From Holman, Northwest Territories
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^ a b Fagan, Damian (2019). Wildflowers of Oregon: A Field Guide to Over 400 Wildflowers, Trees, and Shrubs of the Coast, Cascades, and High Desert. Guilford, CT: FalconGuides. p. 217. ISBN 978-1-4930-3633-2. OCLC 1073035766.
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^ Elias, Thomas S.; Dykeman, Peter A. (2009) [1982]. Edible Wild Plants: A North American Field Guide to Over 200 Natural Foods. New York: Sterling. p. 153. ISBN 978-1-4027-6715-9. OCLC 244766414.
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^ Tolvanen, A., Alatalo, J.M. and Henry, G.H.R. 2004. "Resource allocation patterns in a forb and a sedge in two arctic environments - short-term response to herbivory". – Nordic Journal of Botany 22 (6): 741–747.
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Oxyria digyna: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Oxyria digyna (mountain sorrel, wood sorrel, Alpine sorrel or Alpine mountain-sorrel) is a species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family (Polygonaceae). It is native to arctic regions and mountainous parts of the Northern Hemisphere.
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