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Green Pitcherplant

Sarracenia oreophila (Kearney) Wherry

Biology

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These carnivorous plants are perennial and flower from mid April to early June (4). Green pitcher plants are found in fairly nutrient-poor areas and have developed their carnivorous lifestyle as a way of supplementing their diet (2). The pitchers act as traps for a wide variety of insects, which are digested by the liquid within. Towards the end of summer as the seepage bogs begin to dry out in the hot, dry temperatures, green pitcher plants enter a stage of dormancy. The pitchers become mottled red in colour and then die back over a few weeks (4).
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Conservation

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Green pitcher plants are listed as Endangered on the United States Endangered Species Act and there is an Action Plan for their recovery (2). The Recovery Plan focuses on the effective protection of existing populations, as the most important threat to the future of the green pitcher plant is over-collection (5). Collection is banned by legislation within the States and also internationally by the listing of this species on Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) (3). Ex-situ conservation measures are also in place; seeds are stored at the USDA National Seed Technology Laboratory in Fort Collins, and Atlanta Botanical Garden is propagating plants from seeds for future reintroduction programmes (5).
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Description

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The green pitcher plant is a carnivorous plant with highly modified leaves in the form of pitchers that act as pitfall traps for prey. The narrow pitcher leaves are tapered tubes that rise up to 75 cm from the ground, with a mouth 6 - 10 cm in circumference (2). The pitchers are greenish-yellow with noticeable fine veins, and above the pitcher a circular hood extends at an angle of roughly 180° upwards (4). The inside of the pitcher is hairy and heavily marked with purple veins (2). The leafless flower stalk grows to two-thirds the height of the pitchers and bears bright yellow flowers that smell weakly feline (4).
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Habitat

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The green pitcher plant is found mainly in seepage bogs where there are heavy, clay-rich, sandy soils (4). It appears to be particularly successful in open, sunny locations where there is little competition (4).
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Range

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Previously more widespread in Alabama, Georgia and eastern Tennessee in the southern United States, the green pitcher plant is today restricted to small populations mainly in northeast Alabama (5). This plant may also be found at one site in Georgia and at two in North Carolina (5).
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Status

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Classified as Critically Endangered (CR - B1+2bc) on the IUCN Red List 2002 (1), and listed on Appendix I of CITES (3).
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Threats

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The green pitcher plant has suffered a devastating decline throughout its former range. Development for both urban and rural uses has led to the widespread alteration of the specific bog habitat of this species (5). Pitcher plants have also been over-collected for the commercial plant trade; such exotic species are very popular with collectors (5). Today, around 34 naturally occurring populations persist but these are small and highly fragmented; most consist of fewer than 50 individuals (5).
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Grüne Schlauchpflanze ( German )

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Die Grüne Schlauchpflanze (Sarracenia oreophila) ist eine Art aus der Familie der Schlauchpflanzengewächse.

Beschreibung

Die Pflanze hat eine gewisse Ähnlichkeit mit Sarracenia flava, bleibt jedoch kleiner. Die Schläuche werden 20 bis 70 cm hoch und besitzen eine gelbgrüne Farbe. Über dem Schlaucheingang befindet sich ein Deckel, der bei viel Sonne fein rot bis rotviolett geadert ist. Die ersten Schläuche sind oft schon bei Erscheinen der Blüte komplett ausgebildet. Schon im Sommer hört die Schlauchproduktion auf – die Pflanze beginnt langsam mit der Bildung von Phyllodien, die bis in das Frühjahr vorhanden sind. Grund der Phyllodienbildung sind die trockenen Sommer am Naturstandort. Die Phyllodien sind etwa 5 bis 20 cm lang und sind umso zahlreicher je dunkler der Standort ist. Das Rhizom erreicht eine Dicke von 1 bis 1,5 cm.

Die Blüten (5 bis 8,5 cm im Durchmesser) sind gelbgrün bis hellgelb in der Färbung. Sie sitzen an einem 40 bis 70 cm hohen Blütenstängel. Blütezeit ist Mai bis Anfang Juni.

Verbreitung, Gefährdung und Status

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Verbreitung

Zu finden ist diese inzwischen sehr seltene Pflanze nur noch im Nordosten von Alabama und in North Carolina. Sie gilt als akut vom Aussterben bedroht und ist seit 1981 daher im CITES, Anhang I, gelistet.

Botanische Geschichte

Entdeckt wurde die Grüne Schlauchpflanze schon 1875 durch Hugh M. Neisler. Durch die Ähnlichkeit mit der Gelben Schlauchpflanze (Sarracenia flava) wurde die Pflanze 1900 von T. J. Kearney als Sarracenia flava var. oreophila eingeordnet, jedoch nicht gültig beschrieben, daher ist das Taxon ein nomen nudum. 1933 bemerkte Edgar Theodore Wherry anhand von gezüchteten Pflanzen die Unterschiede und erstbeschrieb das Taxon als eigene Art.

Literatur

  • Janet Marinelli (Hrsg.): Plant. Dorling Kindersley, London u. a. 2004, ISBN 0-7513-4797-3.

Weblinks

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Grüne Schlauchpflanze: Brief Summary ( German )

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Die Grüne Schlauchpflanze (Sarracenia oreophila) ist eine Art aus der Familie der Schlauchpflanzengewächse.

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Sarracenia oreophila

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Sarracenia oreophila, also known as the green pitcherplant,[3] is a carnivorous plant in the genus Sarracenia. It has highly modified leaves in the form of pitchers that act as pitfall traps for prey. The narrow pitcher leaves are tapered tubes that rise up to 75 centimetres (30 in) from the ground, with a mouth 6 to 10 centimetres (2.4 to 3.9 in) in circumference [4] Like all the Sarracenia, it is native to North America. Sarracenia oreophila is the most endangered of all Sarracenia species, its range limited to a handful of sites in northern Alabama, North Carolina, Georgia, and—historically—Tennessee.[5]

Origin of name

Saracenia oreophila takes its name from the mountainous regions where it grows. The generic name Sarracenia is from Michel Sarrazin [1659–1734], a French-Canadian naturalist who first described a specimen of the genus, and oreophila literally means "mountain-loving," from Greek oreophilos (oros, -eos, "mountain," + philos, "loving").

Morphology and carnivory

The tubular leaves of the green pitcher plant lure, trap, and digest insect prey

Like other members of the genus Sarracenia, the green pitcher plant traps insects using a tubular rolled leaf which collects digestive juices at the bottom. The pitcher tube of this species is similar to that of Sarracenia flava, but has a wider pitcher mouth and neck and is usually somewhat shorter, reaching only 60 cm. (24 in). The uppermost part of the leaf is flared into a lid (the operculum), which prevents excess rain from entering the pitcher and diluting the digestive secretions within. The upper regions of the pitcher are covered in short, stiff, downwards-pointing hairs, which serve to guide insects alighting on the upper portions of the leaf towards the opening of the pitcher tube. The opening of the pitcher tube is retroflexed into a 'nectar roll' or peristome, whose surface is studded with nectar-secreting glands. Prey entering the tube find that their footing is made extremely uncertain by the smooth, waxy secretions found on the surfaces of the upper portion of the tube. Insects losing their footing on this surface plummet to the bottom of the tube, where a combination of digestive fluid, wetting agents and inward-pointing hairs prevent their escape. Some large insects (such as wasps) have been reported to escape from the pitchers on occasion by chewing their way out through the wall of the tube.[6]

Pitchers can vary from all green plants to lightly and heavily veined examples, as well as cultivars with heavily pigmented throats. Traps also take on a pink or red flush as they age.[6]

Flowers

Detail of S. oreophila flower
See also the section on Sarracenia flowers in the main article.

In spring, the plant produces large, yellow flowers with 5-fold symmetry. The yellow petals are long and strap-like, and dangle over the umbrella-like style of the flower, which is held upside down at the end of a 50 cm long scape. The stigma of the flower are found at the tips of the 'spokes' of this umbrella. Pollinating insects generally enter the flower from above, forcing their way into the cavity between the petals and umbrella, and depositing any pollen they are carrying on the stigmata as they enter. The pollinators generally exit the flower, having been dusted with the plant's own pollen, by lifting a petal. This one-way system helps to ensure cross pollination.[6]

Growth cycle

In late summer and autumn, the plant stops producing carnivorous leaves, and instead produces flat, non-carnivorous phyllodia. In this species, these are highly recurved, short, and sickle-shaped. The natural habitat of this species dries quickly during July and the small phyllodia are probably easier to maintain with the little water available than its spring pitchers. This is a genetic adaptation and plants kept permanently wet in cultivation also lose their pitchers in mid summer. Also of note is the simultaneous flowering and pitchering at the beginning of the season as drier conditions prevent later growth of pitchers post flower production.

Taxonomy

The International Carnivorous Plant Society recognizes three cultivars of this species as follows:

  • S. oreophila 'Don Schnell'
  • S. oreophila 'Heavily Veined'
  • S. oreophila 'Sand Mountain'

The cultivar 'Don Schnell', unfortunately, is extinct—the only specimen died in a greenhouse catastrophe.

Threats

Green pitcher plant habitat

The green pitcher plant has suffered a devastating decline throughout its former range. Development for both urban and rural uses has led to the widespread alteration of the specific bog habitat of this species. Pitcher plants have also been over-collected for the commercial plant trade; such rare and unusual species are very popular with collectors. Today, around 34 naturally occurring populations persist but these are small and highly fragmented; most consist of fewer than 50 individuals.[1][7]

Conservation

Green pitcherplants are listed as Endangered on the United States Endangered Species Act and there is an Action Plan for their recovery.[4][8][9] The Recovery Plan focuses on the effective protection of existing populations, as the most important threat to the future of the green pitcher plant is over-collection.[10] Collection is banned by legislation within the United States. The species is listed on Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), meaning commercial international trade in wild-sourced specimens (including parts and derivatives) is prohibited, while non-commercial international trade is regulated.[2] Ex-situ conservation measures are also in place; seeds are stored at the USDA National Seed Technology Laboratory in Fort Collins, and Atlanta Botanical Garden is propagating plants from seeds for future reintroduction programmes.[10]

References

  1. ^ a b Schnell D, Catling P, Folkerts G, Frost C, Gardner R, et al. (2000). "Sarracenia oreophila". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000: e.T39718A10260069. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2000.RLTS.T39718A10260069.en. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
  2. ^ a b "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  3. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Sarracenia oreophila". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
  4. ^ a b U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (March, 2003) http://www.fws.gov/cookeville/docs/endspec/pitchsa.html Archived 11 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). www.georgiawildlife.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 April 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. ^ a b c Flora of North America, Sarracenia oreophila Wherry, 1933. Green pitcher plant
  7. ^ 5.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, International Affairs (March, 2003) http://www.fws.gov/international/
  8. ^ "Green pitcher-plant (Sarracenia oreophila)". Environmental Conservation Online System. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
  9. ^ 44 FR 54922
  10. ^ a b U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, International Affairs (March, 2003) http://www.fws.gov/international/

This article incorporates text from the ARKive fact-file "Sarracenia oreophila" under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License and the GFDL.

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Sarracenia oreophila: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Sarracenia oreophila, also known as the green pitcherplant, is a carnivorous plant in the genus Sarracenia. It has highly modified leaves in the form of pitchers that act as pitfall traps for prey. The narrow pitcher leaves are tapered tubes that rise up to 75 centimetres (30 in) from the ground, with a mouth 6 to 10 centimetres (2.4 to 3.9 in) in circumference Like all the Sarracenia, it is native to North America. Sarracenia oreophila is the most endangered of all Sarracenia species, its range limited to a handful of sites in northern Alabama, North Carolina, Georgia, and—historically—Tennessee.

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Sarracenia oreophila ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Sarracenia oreophila, conocida como jarra verde, es una planta carnívora, que como todas las del género Sarracenia, es nativa de las Américas. Es la más amenazada de todas las especies de este género y se encuentra en un área limitada a un puñado de sitios en el norte de Alabama (llanura de Sand Mountain), Carolina del Norte y Georgia.

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Flor
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En su hábitat
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Flor aun no abierta

Morfología

Como otros miembros del género Sarracenia, la jarra verde atrapa insectos utilizando sus ascidios u hojas laminadas tubulares que recopilan los jugos digestivos en la parte inferior. El ascidio de esta especie es similar al de Sarracenia flava, pero suele ser un poco más corto, llegando a solo 60 cm y tiene muy ancha la boca y amplio cuello.

La parte más alta de la hoja está colocada a manera de una tapa, como opérculo, lo que impide que el exceso de lluvia entre en el ascidio y diluya las secreciones digestivas Las regiones superiores del ascidio están cubiertas por pelos rígidos, apuntando hacia abajo, y sirven para conducir a los insectos hacia las partes superiores de la hoja hacia la abertura del ascidio. La abertura del ascidio es retrofleja dentro de un «rollo de néctar» o peristoma, cuya superficie está tachonada de glándulas secretoras de néctar. La presa al entrar en el ascidio se encuentra con que su caminar se hace extremadamente incierto por las secreciones suaves, cerosas, que se encuentran en las superficies de la parte superior. Al poner sus patas sobre esta superficie los insectos se desploman hasta la parte inferior del tubo, donde una combinación de líquido digestivo, agentes que empapan y pelos apuntando hacia adentro, impiden su huida. Se han reportado que algunos insectos grandes, tales como avispas, escapan haciendo un agujero en la pared del ascidio.

La coloración puede variar desde plantas totalmente verdes hasta veteadas ligera o fuertemente, con colores como púrpura, violeta, rojo, amarillo o anaranjado, así como también existen clones fuertemente pigmentados. Las trampas también asumir un vaciado de color rosado o rojo cuando envejecen.

Flores

En primavera, la planta produce flores grandes, de color amarillo con simetría cinco veces. Los pétalos de color amarillo son largos y cuelgan a manera de paraguas sobre la flor, que se celebra al revés al final de uno 50 cm de largo escapo. El estigma de la flor se encuentran en los extremos de los radios de este "paraguas". Los insectos polinizadores en general, entrar en la flor de arriba, abriéndose camino en la cavidad entre los pétalos y el paraguas, y depositando el polen que desarrollan en los estigmas de su introducción. Los polinizadores en general, salen de la flor tras haberla espolvoreado con el propio polen de la planta, mediante el levantamiento de un pétalo. Este sistema de un solo sentido ayuda a asegurar la polinización cruzada.

Adaptaciones estacionales

A finales del verano y el otoño, la planta deja de producir hojas carnívoras, y en su lugar produce phyllodia, (pecíolos planos y no carnívoros), que en esta especie son muy recurvados. El hábitat natural de esta especie se seca rápidamente los meses de julio y las phyllodia, pequeñas, son probablemente más fáciles de mantener, con la menor cantidad de agua disponible, que los ascidios de primavera. Se trata de una adaptación genética para que la planta se mantenga permanentemente húmeda para lo cual también pierden sus ascidios a mediados del verano. También hay que resaltar la floración simultánea y a salida de las hojas al comienzo de la primavera es una manera de prevenir el crecimiento tardío cuando el clima está seco.

Taxonomía

Sarracenia oreophila fue descrita por (Kearney) Wherry y publicado en Bartonia 15: 8, pl. 1, f. 2–3. 1933.[2]

Etimología

Sarracenia: nombre genérico que fue nombrado por el médico francés Michel Sarrasin (Sarracenus) (1659-1734), un naturalista y coleccionista de plantas en Quebec, aunque una segunda fuente dice que deriva de otro médico francés llamado Jean Antoine Sarrasin (1547-1598), quien tradujo una obra de Dioscórides.[3]

oreophila: epíteto latíno que significa "que vive en las montañas".[4]

Sinonimia
  • Sarracenia catesbaeiauct. non Elliott: (auct. non Mast.: Mohr) Mohr (1901)
  • Sarracenia flava var. catesbaeiauct. non Mast.: Mohr (1897)
  • Sarracenia flava var. oreophilaKearney (1900)
  • Sarracenia flavaauct. non L.: Macfarl. (1908)[=S. flava/S. oreophila]

Referencias

  1. Schnell, D., P. Catling, G. Folkerts, C. Frost, R. Gardner, et al. 2000. Sarracenia oreophila. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 24 September 2007.
  2. «Sarracenia oreophila». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultado el 9 de mayo de 2015.
  3. En Nombres Botánicos
  4. En Epítetos Botánicos

Bibliografía

  1. Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville.
  2. Godfrey, R. K. & J. W. Wooten. 1981. Aquatic Wetland Pl. S.E. U.S. Dicot. 1–944. Univ. Georgia Press, Athens.

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Sarracenia oreophila: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

provided by wikipedia ES

Sarracenia oreophila, conocida como jarra verde, es una planta carnívora, que como todas las del género Sarracenia, es nativa de las Américas. Es la más amenazada de todas las especies de este género y se encuentra en un área limitada a un puñado de sitios en el norte de Alabama (llanura de Sand Mountain), Carolina del Norte y Georgia.

 src= Flor  src= En su hábitat  src= Flor aun no abierta
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Sarracenia oreophila ( French )

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Sarracenia oreophila est une plante carnivore vivace, rhizomateuse, herbacée appartenant à la famille des Sarraceniaceae.

Origine

En voie d’extinction, Sarracenia oreophila ne parvient à survivre que dans quelques populations situées aux États-Unis, au centre et au nord-est de l’Alabama, et dans les zones montagneuses de Géorgie, de Caroline du Nord, et de Caroline du Sud.

Les populations étaient autrefois plus nombreuses mais elles ont toujours été considérées comme rares, et elles pourraient bientôt disparaître. On la retrouvait auparavant au Tennessee. On la trouve dans les régions humides, étangs, marécages et les bois humides.

Description

Plante vivace, rhizomateuse, herbacée, l’urne peut atteindre de 20 à 75 cm de long par 6 à 10 cm de circonférence à l'orifice.

Les feuilles

La plante est insolite car les urnes sont essentiellement produites au printemps et au début de l’été.

Elles sont généralement vertes avec de légères veines rouges, mais certaines variétés, particulièrement dans le plateau Sand Mountain en Alabama, sont si richement colorées et veinées qu’elles sont très recherchées par les passionnés.

Elles attrapent leurs proies en leur offrant un nectar qui est sécrété autour de la bouche de la plante et à sa base intérieure. Les insectes trouvent le nectar et finissent par tomber dans la trappe. Une fois à l'intérieur, ils ne peuvent plus s'échapper. De petits poils rigides pointent vers le bas, retenant les insectes. L'intérieur de la trappe est également très glissant.

Les hybrides de S. oreophila peuvent atteindre de stupéfiantes colorations et des tailles spectaculaires.

Fleurs

De la mi-mars au début juin, une fleur solitaire de 4 à 5 cm se développe. Les fleurs ont cinq sépales et cinq pétales. Elles sont vertes et jaune-vert. La tige est recourbée à son extrémité, la fleur est donc pendante. La tige fait de 45 à 70 cm de long. De juillet en août, le fruit se développe contenant plusieurs semences.

Culture

Température

En montagne, la plante résiste à des températures extrêmes (-15 °C) et aux chutes de neige, contrairement aux autres espèces de Sarracenia.

Les espèces du genre Sarracenia ont besoin de saisons pour vivre. Procurez-lui une période de dormance en hiver d'environ trois à quatre mois. C'est l'une des premières plantes à entrer en dormance et l'une des premières à en sortir. Si l'été fut vraiment chaud, la plante peut entrer dans sa période de dormance dès septembre. Un été frais prolongera sa période de croissance jusqu'en octobre ou novembre. L'intérieur d'une maison est trop chaud pour cette plante en hiver. La plante doit être déplacée à un endroit où la température sera de l'ordre de 2 à 5 °C. Toutefois, elle n'apprécie pas les hivers trop intenses et les vents secs.

Substrat

Sarracenia oreophila se cultive dans un mélange de mousse de sphaigne et de perlite. Le sol doit être maintenu humide et bien drainé. L'utilisation de terreau et autres fertilisants n'est pas recommandée.

Exposition

Les plants adultes apprécient une exposition en plein soleil à l'extérieur. Pendant l'été, le plant doit être à l'extérieur afin de bénéficier d'au moins six heures de soleil par jour.

Arrosage

Elle a besoin d'une atmosphère et d'un sol humide en permanence lors de la saison de croissance. Le reste de l'année, le sol doit rester humide mais pas trempé au risque de faire pourrir les racines.

Arme naturelle contre le frelon asiatique

Dans une étude, menée depuis l'automne 2014, le Jardin des plantes de Nantes, a découvert que cette plante carnivore attirait, en particulier, le frelon asiatique à pattes jaunes, (vespa velutina), et était prometteuse dans la lutte contre cette espèce, un pied de cette plante, pouvant éliminer près de cinquante frelons. L'étude menée à Nantes, avec la collaboration du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, a permis de piéger 600 mouches et 600 frelons[Note 1]. Des chercheurs de l'Université de Tours, essaient de mettre au point, un piège en plastique, sur la base de la molécule odoriférante, attirant cette espèce. Cette plante serait un réel espoir pour les apiculteurs, dont les ruches sont décimées par cette espèce invasive, en permettant de freiner son expansion[1].

Notes et références

Notes

  1. Selon, le Directeur du Jardin des Plantes, compte tenu qu'un pied peut éliminer près de cinquante frelons, la plante ne serait pas suffisante, pour faire face à une colonie de trois mille individus.

Références

  1. Alain Moreau, « Sarracenia, la plante tueuse du frelon asiatique », sur www.paysdechateaubriant.fr (consulté le 25 juin 2015).

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Sarracenia oreophila: Brief Summary ( French )

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Sarracenia oreophila est une plante carnivore vivace, rhizomateuse, herbacée appartenant à la famille des Sarraceniaceae.

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Sarracenia oreophila ( Italian )

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Sarracenia oreophila è una pianta carnivora appartenente alla famiglia Sarraceniaceae, endemica del Nord America.
Il nome della specie "oreophila" deriva dal greco "òros" (= montagna) e "phìlos" (= amico, amante): questa specie infatti vive prevalentemente in zone montuose.

Distribuzione e habitat

Sarracenia oreophila range.png

Ha un areale frammentato che comprende alcune torbiere in Alabama, Carolina del Nord e Georgia[1].

Conservazione

La IUCN Red List classifica S. oreophila come specie in pericolo critico di estinzione[1].

Note

  1. ^ a b c (EN) Schnell, D., Catling, P., Folkerts, G., Frost, C., Gardner, R., et al. 2000., Sarracenia oreophila, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.

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Sarracenia oreophila: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Sarracenia oreophila è una pianta carnivora appartenente alla famiglia Sarraceniaceae, endemica del Nord America.
Il nome della specie "oreophila" deriva dal greco "òros" (= montagna) e "phìlos" (= amico, amante): questa specie infatti vive prevalentemente in zone montuose.

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Sarracenia oreophila ( Romanian; Moldavian; Moldovan )

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Sarracenia oreophila[2] este o specie de plante carnivore din genul Sarracenia, familia Sarraceniaceae, ordinul Ericales. A fost descrisă pentru prima dată de Thomas Henry Kearney, și a primit numele actual de la Edgar Theodore Wherry.[3][4] A fost clasificată de IUCN ca specie pe cale de dispariție (stare critică).[1] Conform Catalogue of Life specia Sarracenia oreophila nu are subspecii cunoscute.[3]

Referințe

  1. ^ a b Sarracenia oreophila. Lista roșie a speciilor periclitate IUCN. Versiunea 2012.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2000. Accesat în 24 octombrie 2012.
  2. ^ Wherry, 1933 In: Bartonia, No. 15, 8
  3. ^ a b Roskov Y., Kunze T., Orrell T., Abucay L., Paglinawan L., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Decock W., De Wever A., Didžiulis V. (ed) (2014). „Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. Accesat în 26 mai 2014.Mentenanță CS1: Nume multiple: lista autorilor (link) Mentenanță CS1: Text în plus: lista autorilor (link)
  4. ^ World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World


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Sarracenia oreophila: Brief Summary ( Romanian; Moldavian; Moldovan )

provided by wikipedia RO

Sarracenia oreophila este o specie de plante carnivore din genul Sarracenia, familia Sarraceniaceae, ordinul Ericales. A fost descrisă pentru prima dată de Thomas Henry Kearney, și a primit numele actual de la Edgar Theodore Wherry. A fost clasificată de IUCN ca specie pe cale de dispariție (stare critică). Conform Catalogue of Life specia Sarracenia oreophila nu are subspecii cunoscute.

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Sarracenia oreophila ( Vietnamese )

provided by wikipedia VI

Sarracenia oreophila (tên trong tiếng Anh: green pitcherplant[1]) là một loài thực vật năm thịt trong chi Sarracenia. Những chiếc lá được chuyên biệt hóa của nó biến thành những ấm bình (pitcher) bẫy con mồi. "Bình" có thể cao đến 75 cm (tính từ mặt đất lên), chu vi miệng bình từ 6 đến 10 cm.[2] Như mọi loài của Sarracenia, nó có nguồn gốc từ Tân Thế giới. Sarracenia oreophila là loài bị đe dọa nhất chi Sarracenia, phạm vi phân bố của nó bị giới hạn tại vài vùng thuộc miền bắc Alabama, Bắc Carolina, Georgia, và Tennessee.[3]

Săn mồi

 src=
Những chiếc lá hình ống của Sarracenia oreophila thu hút và tiêu hóa côn trùng

Như mọi thành viên khác của Sarracenia, S. oreophila bẫy côn trùng bằng một chiếc lá cuốn hình ống với những dịch tiêu hóa ở đáy bình. Bình của chúng tương tự như của Sarracenia flava, nhưng phần miệng rộng hơn và chiều dài ngắn hơn, thông thường chỉ đạt 60 cm. (24 in). Lá có một phần loe ra thành "nắp đậy", làm giảm lượng nước mưa chảy vào bình và làm loãng dịch tiêu hóa bên trong. Phần trên bình phủ lông ngắn, cứng, chỉa xuống. Côn trùng lớn (như tò vò) đôi khi có thể thoát khỏi bình.[4]

Các giống

The International Carnivorous Plant Society cho rằng có ba giống:

  • S. oreophila 'Don Schnell'
  • S. oreophila 'Heavily Veined'
  • S. oreophila 'Sand Mountain'

Giống 'Don Schnell' đáng tiếc đã tuyệt chủng—mẫu vật duy nhất chết trong một đợt dịch nhà kính.

Chú thích

Liên kết ngoài

Tài liệu về Sarracenia oreophila tại ARKive

 src= Wikimedia Commons có thư viện hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về Sarracenia oreophila
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Sarracenia oreophila: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

provided by wikipedia VI

Sarracenia oreophila (tên trong tiếng Anh: green pitcherplant) là một loài thực vật năm thịt trong chi Sarracenia. Những chiếc lá được chuyên biệt hóa của nó biến thành những ấm bình (pitcher) bẫy con mồi. "Bình" có thể cao đến 75 cm (tính từ mặt đất lên), chu vi miệng bình từ 6 đến 10 cm. Như mọi loài của Sarracenia, nó có nguồn gốc từ Tân Thế giới. Sarracenia oreophila là loài bị đe dọa nhất chi Sarracenia, phạm vi phân bố của nó bị giới hạn tại vài vùng thuộc miền bắc Alabama, Bắc Carolina, Georgia, và Tennessee.

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山地瓶子草 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

二名法 Sarracenia oreophila
(Kearney) Wherry (1933) 山地瓶子草的分佈地
山地瓶子草的分佈地

山地瓶子草[2]学名Sarracenia oreophila),又称绿瓶子草,为瓶子草属食虫植物。其种加词oreophila”来源于希腊文oros”和“filos”,意为“山脉”和“朋友”,指该物种存在于山地环境中。[3]

山地瓶子草是瓶子草属中最为濒危的物种,仅少量存在于於美国阿拉巴马州北部,北卡罗来纳州佐治亚州田纳西州[3][4]

形态特征

 src=
山地瓶子草植株

山地瓶子草的捕虫瓶与黄瓶子草S. flava的很相似,但其瓶口与瓶颈更宽,且通常较短。

山地瓶子草的捕虫瓶直立,管状。其中下部狭窄,上部扩大。通常长25至40厘米,宽2至4厘米。[3]瓶盖长2至8厘米,为肾形至倒卵形,或圆形[3],基部较黄瓶子草宽[3][4]捕虫瓶极少出现显著的翼[4],通常宽2至10毫米,捕虫笼上部的翼较窄,下部较宽[3]。捕虫瓶外表面无毛,为绿色至黄绿色[3],瓶身靠近瓶口处具紫黑色的网纹[3][4]通常捕虫瓶内表面的网纹最为突出。部分植株内表面的网纹大大扩张成板块状,而类似于华丽黄瓶子草S. flava var. ornata。其余植株则为鲜艳的红色或紫色网纹。[3]随着叶片不断衰老,捕虫瓶可逐渐变为粉红色或红色。

山地瓶子草的剑形叶长5至18厘米,宽0.5至3.5厘米。其持续出现,数量大于捕虫瓶。[4]

山地瓶子草的花朵直径为3至6厘米,与黄瓶子草的花朵类似。萼片略尖,长3至4厘米。花瓣舌状,长4至5.5厘米[4],亮黄色。[3]扇状雌蕊宽5至8.5厘米,黄色[4]至黄绿色[3]。花茎长20至30厘米。[3]花期为4月中旬至6月初。蚂蚁、食花粉的甲虫、黄蜂、蜜蜂、瓶子草蝇都是常见于山地瓶子草花朵中的昆虫。[4]

生态关系

 src=
山地瓶子草的原生地

山地瓶子草仅少量存在于阿巴拉契亚高原及毗邻的低地。最大的分布地存在于阿拉巴马州东北部的阿巴拉契亚岭谷,其余存在于阿拉巴马州中部、佐治亚州西南部、北卡罗来纳州与佐治亚州交界处的藍嶺山脈田纳西州东北部。[3][4]

山地瓶子草现有种群的原生地环境类型丰富,包括橡树或松树的平坦混合林、沼泽及小溪沿岸。但野火似乎在维护现存种群中扮演了重要的角色。[4]

食虫性

为了适应不同的生存环境,山地瓶子草的年生长周期与众不同。其原生地降水主要集中于春季和夏季,但六月、七月和八月之间剧烈的蒸发造成其在夏季的数月间显著缺水。山地瓶子草会在四月和五月花期后第一次产生典型的大型捕虫瓶,但这些捕虫瓶会在七月和八月因干旱而立即枯死。取而代之的是许多小而不起眼的剑形叶,且不具备捕虫性。直至九月及十月初的秋季,缺水得到改善,捕虫瓶会再次出现,以赶在冬季休眠前再捕捉一些昆虫而获取更多的养分。而即使在人工种植水源充足的条件下,山地瓶子草仍会按照这个方式生长。[3]

保护状况

 src=
山地瓶子草的捕虫瓶

与其他很多食虫植物一样,山地瓶子草常被采集贩卖。由于种群数量有限,人为采集一对其种群造成的严重的影响,在某些地区该物种已完全消失。住宅区的增加,农业与林业的发展,及对森野火的扑灭则进一步威胁了该物种的生存。现仅存约34个自然分布地,但这些原生地都较小型且高度离散,大部分原生地的种群数量都少于50株。[4]

山地瓶子草的分布局限,数量稀少,高度濒危,其已被被列入《濒危野生动植物物种国际贸易公约》附录I及美国《濒危及受威胁植物列表》中。[4]此外,也对山地瓶子草进行迁地保护。位于科林斯堡美国农业部国家种子技术实验室储存了山地瓶子草的种子。同时,亚特兰大植物园也为将来的放归计划通过种子繁育了山地瓶子草。

种下类群

山地瓶子草分布高度离散,可能是所有瓶子草属物种中多样性最为丰富的物种。但绝大部分野外种群在分类或描述以前就已被破坏了。[3]

国际食虫植物协会承认的山地瓶子草栽培种共有3个:

  • S. oreophila 'Don Schnell'
  • S. oreophila 'Heavily Veined'
  • S. oreophila 'Sand Mountain'

不过其中的'Don Schnell'已绝种,是唯一一个在温室事故中绝种的栽培种。

参考文献

  1. ^ Schnell, D., Catling, P., Folkerts, G., Frost, C., Gardner, R.; 等. Sarracenia oreophila. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2000. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2000 [2009-08-15]. 引文格式1维护:显式使用等标签 (link)
  2. ^ 夏洛特. 食蟲植物觀賞&栽培圖鑑. 商周出版. 2007: 116. ISBN 978-986-124-850-9.
  3. ^ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 McPherson, S.R. 2007. Pitcher Plants of the Americas. The McDonald & Woodward Publishing Co. Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 227–230. ISBN 0-939923-75-0. ISBN 0-939923-74-2.
  4. ^ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 GREEN PITCHER PLANT (Sarracenia oreophila). Endangered and Threatened Species of the Southeastern United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. [2012-03-11]. (原始内容存档于2012-11-11).

扩展阅读

 src= 維基共享資源中有關山地瓶子草的多媒體資源  src= 維基物種中有關山地瓶子草的數據

瓶子草属 Sarracenia

阿拉巴马州瓶子草
翼状瓶子草
黄瓶子草

S. alabamensis
S. alata
S. flava

琼斯瓶子草
白瓶子草
小瓶子草

S. jonesii
S. leucophylla
S. minor

山地瓶子草
鹦鹉瓶子草
紫瓶子草

S. oreophila
S. psittacina
S. purpurea

蔷薇瓶子草
红瓶子草

S. rosea
S. rubra

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山地瓶子草: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

山地瓶子草(学名:Sarracenia oreophila),又称绿瓶子草,为瓶子草属食虫植物。其种加词“oreophila”来源于希腊文“oros”和“filos”,意为“山脉”和“朋友”,指该物种存在于山地环境中。

山地瓶子草是瓶子草属中最为濒危的物种,仅少量存在于於美国阿拉巴马州北部,北卡罗来纳州佐治亚州田纳西州

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