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Carolina Vervain

Verbena carolina L.

Scientific Names

Preferred Names

Species recognized by EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022

Reference taxon from World Checklist of Selected Plant Families in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life

Species recognized by GBIF national node type records France

Species recognized by wikipedia VI, El Salvador Species List, Guatemala Species List, Nicaragua Species List, Mexico Species List, North Pacific Species List, and United States Species List

Recognized by CalPhotos

Species recognized by EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1, EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1, and GBIF classification

Recognized by GBIF classification

Species recognized by Paraguay Species List and Argentina Species List

Species recognized by GBIF national node type records France

Recognized by BHL data coverage

Species recognized by wikidata_hierarchy tar gz, USDA PLANTS images, Global Biotic Interactions, iNaturalist data coverage, and TRY database summary

Recognized by Flickr Group

Species recognized by Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024, iNaturalist, USDA Plants data, Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Hierarchy, GBIF data coverage, and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4

Species recognized by wikidata_hierarchy tar gz

Alternative Names

Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022

Reference taxon from World Checklist of Selected Plant Families in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life

Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022

Reference taxon from World Checklist of Selected Plant Families in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life

Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022

Reference taxon from World Checklist of Selected Plant Families in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life

Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022

Reference taxon from World Checklist of Selected Plant Families in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life

Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022

Reference taxon from World Checklist of Selected Plant Families in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life

Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022

Reference taxon from World Checklist of Selected Plant Families in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life

Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022

Reference taxon from World Checklist of Selected Plant Families in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life

Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022

Reference taxon from World Checklist of Selected Plant Families in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life

Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022

Reference taxon from World Checklist of Selected Plant Families in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life

Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022

Reference taxon from World Checklist of Selected Plant Families in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life

Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022

Reference taxon from World Checklist of Selected Plant Families in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life

Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022

Reference taxon from World Checklist of Selected Plant Families in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life

Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022

Reference taxon from World Checklist of Selected Plant Families in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life

Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022

Reference taxon from World Checklist of Selected Plant Families in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life

Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022

Reference taxon from World Checklist of Selected Plant Families in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life

Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022

Reference taxon from World Checklist of Selected Plant Families in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life

Synonym according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1

Doubtful according to GBIF classification

Synonym according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1

Doubtful according to GBIF classification (Possible variant of Verbena carolina f. recta Loes.)

Synonym according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1

Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4

Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024

Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4

Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024

Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4

Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024

Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4

Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024

Ambiguous synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024

Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4

Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024

Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4

Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024

Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4

Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024

Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4

Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024

Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4

Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024

Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4

Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024

Ambiguous synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024

Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4

Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024

Ambiguous synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024

Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4

Synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024

Ambiguous synonym according to Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024

Not accepted according to EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4

Common Names

English

Recognized by USDA PLANTS images

Life

Cellular Organisms

Eukaryota

Archaeplastida

Chloroplastida

Streptophyta

Embryophytes

Tracheophyta

Spermatophytes

Angiosperms

Eudicots

Superasterids

Asterids

Lamiales

Verbenaceae

Verbena

Verbena carolina L. (this page)

Verbena alata Otto ex Sweet

Verbena allenii Moldenke

Verbena argentina Moldenke

Verbena bangiana Moldenke

Verbena barbata Graham

Verbena bealei Moldenke

Verbena bingenensis Moldenke

Verbena blanchardii Moldenke

Verbena bonariensis L.

Verbena bracteata Cav. ex Lag. & Rodr.

Verbena brasiliensis Vell.

Verbena californica Moldenke

Verbena calinfera G. L. Nesom

Verbena canescens Kunth

Verbena caniuensis Moldenke

Verbena carnea Medik.

Verbena clemensiorum Moldenke

Verbena cloverae Moldenke

Verbena covasii Moldenke

Verbena dalloniana Quézel

Verbena deamii Moldenke

Verbena delicatula Mart. & Zucc.

Verbena demissa Moldenke

Verbena ehrenbergiana Schauer

Verbena engelmannii Moldenke

Verbena ephedroides Cham.

Verbena falcata G. L. Nesom

Verbena filicaulis Schauer

Verbena glabrata Kunth

Verbena goodmanii Moldenke

Verbena goyazensis Moldenke

Verbena gracilescens (Cham.) Herter

Verbena gracilis Desf.

Verbena grisea B. L. Rob. & Greenm.

Verbena halei Small

Verbena hastata L.

Verbena hirta Spreng.

Verbena hispida Ruiz & Pav.

Verbena illicita Moldenke

Verbena incompta P. W. Michael

Verbena intermedia Gillies & Hook.

Verbena kondae Moldenke

Verbena lasiostachys Link

Verbena lecocqii Moldenke

Verbena lindbergii Moldenke

Verbena lindmanii Briq.

Verbena litoralis Kunth

Verbena livermorensis B. L. Turner & G. L. Nesom

Verbena macdougalii A. Heller

Verbena madrensis G. L. Nesom

Verbena malmii Moldenke

Verbena menthifolia Benth.

Verbena moctezumae G. L. Nesom & T. Van Devender

Verbena moechina Moldenke

Verbena montevidensis Spreng.

Verbena moranii G. L. Nesom

Verbena neomexicana (A. Gray) Briq.

Verbena noackii Moldenke

Verbena officinalis L.

Verbena ovata Cham.

Verbena paranensis Moldenke

Verbena parvula Hayek

Verbena perennis Wooton

Verbena perriana Moldenke

Verbena perturbata Moldenke

Verbena pinetorum Moldenke

Verbena plicata Greene

Verbena recta Kunth

Verbena regnelliana Moldenke

Verbena reitzii Moldenke

Verbena rigida Spreng.

Verbena rugosa Mill.

Verbena rydbergii Moldenke

Verbena sagittalis Cham.

Verbena scabra Vahl

Verbena scabrella Sessé & Moc.

Verbena schnackii Moldenke

Verbena simplex Lehm.

Verbena sphaerocarpa L. M. Perry

Verbena stricta Vent.

Verbena strigosa Cham.

Verbena stuprosa Moldenke

Verbena supina L.

Verbena townsendii Svenson

Verbena urticifolia L.

Verbena valerianoides Kunth

Verbena villifolia Hayek

Verbena xutha Lehm.

Biota

Plantae

Tracheophyta

Magnoliopsida

Lamiales Bromhead

Verbenaceae

Verbena L.

Verbena carolina L. (this page)

Verbena alata Otto ex Sweet

Verbena amoena Paxton

Verbena andalgalensis Moldenke

Verbena araucana Phil.

Verbena aristigera S. Moore

Verbena atacamensis Reiche

Verbena aurantiaca Speg.

Verbena bajacalifornica Moldenke

Verbena balansae Briq.

Verbena barbata Graham

Verbena bipinnatifida Schauer

Verbena brasiliensis Vell.

Verbena cabrerae Moldenke

Verbena calinfera G. L. Nesom

Verbena canadensis (L.) Britton

Verbena carnea Medik.

Verbena catharinae Moldenke

Verbena cheitmaniana Moldenke

Verbena chiricahensis (Umber) Moldenke

Verbena cloverae Moldenke

Verbena corymbosa Ruiz & Pav.

Verbena cuneifolia Ruiz & Pav.

Verbena dalloniana Quézel

Verbena delticola Small ex Perry

Verbena dissecta Willd. ex Spreng.

Verbena dusenii Moldenke

Verbena elegans Kunth

Verbena falcata G. L. Nesom

Verbena flava Gillies & Hook.

Verbena gooddingii Briq.

Verbena grisea B. L. Rob. & Greenm.

Verbena guaranitica (Tronc.) Moldenke

Verbena gynobasis Wedd.

Verbena hassleriana Briq.

Verbena hatschbachii Moldenke

Verbena herteri Moldenke

Verbena hispida Ruiz & Pav.

Verbena humifusa Cham.

Verbena incompta P. W. Michael

Verbena jordanensis Moldenke

Verbena kuntzeana Moldenke

Verbena laciniata (L.) Briq.

Verbena landbeckii Phil.

Verbena lilacina Greene

Verbena lilloana Moldenke

Verbena lindmanii Briq.

Verbena lipozygioides Walp.

Verbena livermorensis B. L. Turner & G. L. Nesom

Verbena lobata Vell.

Verbena macdougalii A. Heller

Verbena macrosperma Speg.

Verbena madrensis G. L. Nesom

Verbena malmii Moldenke

Verbena maritima Small

Verbena marrubioides Cham.

Verbena megapotamica Spreng.

Verbena mendocina Phil.

Verbena microphylla Kunth

Verbena moctezumae G. L. Nesom & T. Van Devender

Verbena moranii G. L. Nesom

Verbena multiglandulosa Moldenke

Verbena nana Moldenke

Verbena neomexicana (A. Gray) Briq.

Verbena paraguariensis Moldenke

Verbena paranensis Moldenke

Verbena parodii (Covas & Schnack) Moldenke

Verbena paulensis Moldenke

Verbena platensis Spreng.

Verbena polyantha (Umber) Moldenke

Verbena porrigens Phil.

Verbena pumila Rydb.

Verbena racemosa Eggert

Verbena radicata Moldenke

Verbena recta Kunth

Verbena rectiloba Moldenke

Verbena regnelliana Moldenke

Verbena reitzii Moldenke

Verbena rugosa Mill.

Verbena santiaguensis (Covas & Schnack) Moldenke

Verbena scabrella Sessé & Moc.

Verbena scrobiculata Griseb.

Verbena selloi Spreng.

Verbena sessilis (Cham.) Kuntze

Verbena sphaerocarpa L. M. Perry

Verbena stellarioides Cham.

Verbena strigosa Cham.

Verbena subincana (Tronc.) Shinners

Verbena sulphurea D. Don

Verbena tampensis Nash

Verbena tecticaulis Tronc.

Verbena tenera Spreng.

Verbena teucriifolia M. Martens & Galeotti

Verbena thymoides Cham.

Verbena tomophylla Briq.

Verbena tumidula L. M. Perry

Verbena tweedieana Niven ex Hook.

Verbena venturii Moldenke

Verbena verecunda (Umber) Moldenke

Verbena × hybrida Groenland & Rümpler

Verbena × ostenii Moldenke

71 additional siblings truncated for brevity.

See the resource file for a full list.

Verbena carolina L. (this page)

Verbena alata Otto ex Sweet

Verbena allenii Moldenke

Verbena argentina Moldenke

Verbena bangiana Moldenke

Verbena barbata Graham

Verbena bealei Moldenke

Verbena bingenensis Moldenke

Verbena blanchardii Moldenke

Verbena bonariensis L.

Verbena bracteata Cav. ex Lag. & Rodr.

Verbena brasiliensis Vell.

Verbena californica Moldenke

Verbena calinfera G. L. Nesom

Verbena canescens Kunth

Verbena caniuensis Moldenke

Verbena carnea Medik.

Verbena clemensiorum Moldenke

Verbena cloverae Moldenke

Verbena covasii Moldenke

Verbena dalloniana Quézel

Verbena deamii Moldenke

Verbena delicatula Mart. & Zucc.

Verbena demissa Moldenke

Verbena ehrenbergiana Schauer

Verbena engelmannii Moldenke

Verbena ephedroides Cham.

Verbena falcata G. L. Nesom

Verbena filicaulis Schauer

Verbena glabrata Kunth

Verbena goodmanii Moldenke

Verbena goyazensis Moldenke

Verbena gracilescens (Cham.) Herter

Verbena gracilis Desf.

Verbena grisea B. L. Rob. & Greenm.

Verbena halei Small

Verbena hastata L.

Verbena hirta Spreng.

Verbena hispida Ruiz & Pav.

Verbena illicita Moldenke

Verbena incompta P. W. Michael

Verbena intermedia Gillies & Hook.

Verbena kondae Moldenke

Verbena lasiostachys Link

Verbena lecocqii Moldenke

Verbena lindbergii Moldenke

Verbena lindmanii Briq.

Verbena litoralis Kunth

Verbena livermorensis B. L. Turner & G. L. Nesom

Verbena macdougalii A. Heller

Verbena madrensis G. L. Nesom

Verbena malmii Moldenke

Verbena menthifolia Benth.

Verbena moctezumae G. L. Nesom & T. Van Devender

Verbena moechina Moldenke

Verbena montevidensis Spreng.

Verbena moranii G. L. Nesom

Verbena neomexicana (A. Gray) Briq.

Verbena noackii Moldenke

Verbena officinalis L.

Verbena ovata Cham.

Verbena paranensis Moldenke

Verbena parvula Hayek

Verbena perennis Wooton

Verbena perriana Moldenke

Verbena perturbata Moldenke

Verbena pinetorum Moldenke

Verbena plicata Greene

Verbena recta Kunth

Verbena regnelliana Moldenke

Verbena reitzii Moldenke

Verbena rigida Spreng.

Verbena rugosa Mill.

Verbena rydbergii Moldenke

Verbena sagittalis Cham.

Verbena scabra Vahl

Verbena scabrella Sessé & Moc.

Verbena schnackii Moldenke

Verbena simplex Lehm.

Verbena sphaerocarpa L. M. Perry

Verbena stricta Vent.

Verbena strigosa Cham.

Verbena stuprosa Moldenke

Verbena supina L.

Verbena townsendii Svenson

Verbena urticifolia L.

Verbena valerianoides Kunth

Verbena villifolia Hayek

Verbena xutha Lehm.

Life

Cellular Organisms

Eukaryota

Archaeplastida

Chloroplastida

Streptophyta

Embryophytes

Tracheophyta

Spermatophytes

Angiosperms

Eudicots

Superasterids

Asterids

Lamiales

Verbenaceae

Verbena

Verbena carolina L. (this page)

Verbena alata Otto ex Sweet

Verbena allenii Moldenke

Verbena argentina Moldenke

Verbena bangiana Moldenke

Verbena barbata Graham

Verbena bealei Moldenke

Verbena bingenensis Moldenke

Verbena blanchardii Moldenke

Verbena bonariensis L.

Verbena bracteata Cav. ex Lag. & Rodr.

Verbena brasiliensis Vell.

Verbena californica Moldenke

Verbena calinfera G. L. Nesom

Verbena canescens Kunth

Verbena caniuensis Moldenke

Verbena carnea Medik.

Verbena clemensiorum Moldenke

Verbena cloverae Moldenke

Verbena covasii Moldenke

Verbena dalloniana Quézel

Verbena deamii Moldenke

Verbena delicatula Mart. & Zucc.

Verbena demissa Moldenke

Verbena ehrenbergiana Schauer

Verbena engelmannii Moldenke

Verbena ephedroides Cham.

Verbena falcata G. L. Nesom

Verbena filicaulis Schauer

Verbena glabrata Kunth

Verbena goodmanii Moldenke

Verbena goyazensis Moldenke

Verbena gracilescens (Cham.) Herter

Verbena gracilis Desf.

Verbena grisea B. L. Rob. & Greenm.

Verbena halei Small

Verbena hastata L.

Verbena hirta Spreng.

Verbena hispida Ruiz & Pav.

Verbena illicita Moldenke

Verbena incompta P. W. Michael

Verbena intermedia Gillies & Hook.

Verbena kondae Moldenke

Verbena lasiostachys Link

Verbena lecocqii Moldenke

Verbena lindbergii Moldenke

Verbena lindmanii Briq.

Verbena litoralis Kunth

Verbena livermorensis B. L. Turner & G. L. Nesom

Verbena macdougalii A. Heller

Verbena madrensis G. L. Nesom

Verbena malmii Moldenke

Verbena menthifolia Benth.

Verbena moctezumae G. L. Nesom & T. Van Devender

Verbena moechina Moldenke

Verbena montevidensis Spreng.

Verbena moranii G. L. Nesom

Verbena neomexicana (A. Gray) Briq.

Verbena noackii Moldenke

Verbena officinalis L.

Verbena ovata Cham.

Verbena paranensis Moldenke

Verbena parvula Hayek

Verbena perennis Wooton

Verbena perriana Moldenke

Verbena perturbata Moldenke

Verbena pinetorum Moldenke

Verbena plicata Greene

Verbena recta Kunth

Verbena regnelliana Moldenke

Verbena reitzii Moldenke

Verbena rigida Spreng.

Verbena rugosa Mill.

Verbena rydbergii Moldenke

Verbena sagittalis Cham.

Verbena scabra Vahl

Verbena scabrella Sessé & Moc.

Verbena schnackii Moldenke

Verbena simplex Lehm.

Verbena sphaerocarpa L. M. Perry

Verbena stricta Vent.

Verbena strigosa Cham.

Verbena stuprosa Moldenke

Verbena supina L.

Verbena townsendii Svenson

Verbena urticifolia L.

Verbena valerianoides Kunth

Verbena villifolia Hayek

Verbena xutha Lehm.

Verbena carolina L. (this page)

Verbena alata Otto ex Sweet

Verbena allenii Moldenke

Verbena argentina Moldenke

Verbena bangiana Moldenke

Verbena barbata Graham

Verbena bealei Moldenke

Verbena bingenensis Moldenke

Verbena blanchardii Moldenke

Verbena bonariensis L.

Verbena bracteata Cav. ex Lag. & Rodr.

Verbena brasiliensis Vell.

Verbena californica Moldenke

Verbena calinfera G. L. Nesom

Verbena canescens Kunth

Verbena caniuensis Moldenke

Verbena carnea Medik.

Verbena clemensiorum Moldenke

Verbena cloverae Moldenke

Verbena covasii Moldenke

Verbena dalloniana Quézel

Verbena deamii Moldenke

Verbena delicatula Mart. & Zucc.

Verbena demissa Moldenke

Verbena ehrenbergiana Schauer

Verbena engelmannii Moldenke

Verbena ephedroides Cham.

Verbena falcata G. L. Nesom

Verbena filicaulis Schauer

Verbena glabrata Kunth

Verbena goodmanii Moldenke

Verbena goyazensis Moldenke

Verbena gracilescens (Cham.) Herter

Verbena gracilis Desf.

Verbena grisea B. L. Rob. & Greenm.

Verbena halei Small

Verbena hastata L.

Verbena hirta Spreng.

Verbena hispida Ruiz & Pav.

Verbena illicita Moldenke

Verbena incompta P. W. Michael

Verbena intermedia Gillies & Hook.

Verbena kondae Moldenke

Verbena lasiostachys Link

Verbena lecocqii Moldenke

Verbena lindbergii Moldenke

Verbena lindmanii Briq.

Verbena litoralis Kunth

Verbena livermorensis B. L. Turner & G. L. Nesom

Verbena macdougalii A. Heller

Verbena madrensis G. L. Nesom

Verbena malmii Moldenke

Verbena menthifolia Benth.

Verbena moctezumae G. L. Nesom & T. Van Devender

Verbena moechina Moldenke

Verbena montevidensis Spreng.

Verbena moranii G. L. Nesom

Verbena neomexicana (A. Gray) Briq.

Verbena noackii Moldenke

Verbena officinalis L.

Verbena ovata Cham.

Verbena paranensis Moldenke

Verbena parvula Hayek

Verbena perennis Wooton

Verbena perriana Moldenke

Verbena perturbata Moldenke

Verbena pinetorum Moldenke

Verbena plicata Greene

Verbena recta Kunth

Verbena regnelliana Moldenke

Verbena reitzii Moldenke

Verbena rigida Spreng.

Verbena rugosa Mill.

Verbena rydbergii Moldenke

Verbena sagittalis Cham.

Verbena scabra Vahl

Verbena scabrella Sessé & Moc.

Verbena schnackii Moldenke

Verbena simplex Lehm.

Verbena sphaerocarpa L. M. Perry

Verbena stricta Vent.

Verbena strigosa Cham.

Verbena stuprosa Moldenke

Verbena supina L.

Verbena townsendii Svenson

Verbena urticifolia L.

Verbena valerianoides Kunth

Verbena villifolia Hayek

Verbena xutha Lehm.

Plantae

Tracheophyta

Magnoliopsida

Lamiales

Verbenaceae

Verbena L.

Verbena carolina L. (this page)

Verbena carolina f. carolina

Verbena carolina var. carolina

Glandularia hybr

Glandularia lipozygoides (Walp.) L. E. Navas

Verbena alata Otto ex Sweet

Verbena allenii Moldenke

Verbena anais

Verbena argentina Moldenke

Verbena bangiana Moldenke

Verbena barbata Graham

Verbena berterii (Meisn.) Schauer

Verbena berteroi Schauer

Verbena bingenensis Moldenke

Verbena bipinnatifida Nutt.

Verbena blanchardii Moldenke

Verbena boliviana Briq.

Verbena bonariensis L.

Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr.

Verbena brasiliensis Velloso

Verbena calciola Walp.

Verbena californica Moldenke

Verbena calinfera G. L. Nesom

Verbena canescens Kunth

Verbena caniuensis Moldenke

Verbena carnea Medik.

Verbena clemensiorum Moldenke

Verbena cloverae Moldenke

Verbena concepcionis Moldenke

Verbena deamii Moldenke

Verbena delicatula Mart. & Zucc.

Verbena demissa Moldenke.

Verbena ehrenbergiana Schauer

Verbena engelmannii Moldenke

Verbena ephedroides Cham.

Verbena falcata G. L. Nesom

Verbena filicaulis Schauer

Verbena glabrata Kunth

Verbena goodmanii Moldenke

Verbena goyazensis Moldenke

Verbena gracilescens (Cham.) Herter

Verbena gracilis Desf.

Verbena grisea B. L. Rob. & Greenm.

Verbena halei Small

Verbena hastata L.

Verbena hirta Spreng.

Verbena hispida Ruiz & Pav.

Verbena hybrida Voss

Verbena illicita Moldenke

Verbena incompta P. W. Michael

Verbena intermedia Gill. & Hook.

Verbena lasiostachys Link

Verbena lindbergii Moldenke

Verbena lindmanii Briq.

Verbena litoralis Kunth

Verbena livermorensis B. L. Turner & G. L. Nesom

Verbena lorentzii Nied.

Verbena macdougalii Heller

Verbena madrensis G. L. Nesom

Verbena malmii Moldenke

Verbena menthifolia Benth.

Verbena minutiflora Briq.

Verbena moctezumae G. L. Nesom & T. Van Devender

Verbena moechina Moldenke

Verbena montevidensis Spreng.

Verbena moranii G. L. Nesom

Verbena neomexicana Briq.

Verbena officinalis L.

Verbena oklahomensis Moldenke

Verbena ovata Cham.

Verbena paranensis Moldenke

Verbena parvula Hayek

Verbena perennis Wooton

Verbena perriana Moldenke

Verbena perturbata Moldenke

Verbena pinetorum Moldenke

Verbena plicata Greene

Verbena pogostoma Klotzsch

Verbena recta Kunth

Verbena regnelliana Moldenke

Verbena reitzii Moldenke

Verbena reticulata Ducke

Verbena rigida Spreng.

Verbena rugosa Mill.

Verbena rydbergii Moldenke

Verbena sagittalis Cham.

Verbena scabra Vahl

Verbena scabrella Sessé & Moc.

Verbena selaginoides Kunth

Verbena simplex Lehm.

Verbena sphaerocarpa Perry

Verbena stricta Vent.

Verbena stricto-paniculata Engelm.

Verbena stricto-urticaefolia Engelm.

Verbena strigosa Cham.

Verbena stuprosa Moldenke

Verbena supina L.

Verbena townsendii Svenson

Verbena urticifolia L.

Verbena valerianoides Kunth

Verbena villifolia Hayek

Verbena xutha Lehm.

Verbena × clemensorum Moldenke

11 additional siblings truncated for brevity.

See the resource file for a full list.

Plantae

Tracheophyta

Magnoliopsida

Lamiales

Verbenaceae

Verbena L.

Verbena ehrenbergiana Schauer

Verbena ehrenbergiana var. richardsonii Schauer 1847 (this page)

Verbena ehrenbergiana var. ehrenbergiana

Plantae

Viridiplantae

Streptophyta

Embryophyta

Tracheophyta

Spermatophytina

Magnoliopsida

Asteranae

Lamiales

Verbenaceae

Verbena L.

Verbena carolina L. (this page)

Verbena bonariensis L.

Verbena bracteata Cav. ex Lag. & Rodr.

Verbena brasiliensis Vell.

Verbena californica Moldenke

Verbena canescens Kunth

Verbena carnea Medik.

Verbena cloverae Moldenke

Verbena ehrenbergiana Schauer

Verbena gracilis Desf.

Verbena halei Small

Verbena hastata L.

Verbena lasiostachys Link

Verbena litoralis Kunth

Verbena macdougalii A. Heller

Verbena menthifolia Benth.

Verbena montevidensis Spreng.

Verbena neomexicana (A. Gray) Small

Verbena officinalis L.

Verbena perennis Wooton

Verbena pinetorum Moldenke

Verbena plicata Greene

Verbena rigida Spreng.

Verbena scabra Vahl

Verbena simplex Lehm.

Verbena stricta Vent.

Verbena supina L.

Verbena urticifolia L.

Verbena xutha Lehm.

Verbena × allenii Moldenke

Verbena × bingenensis Moldenke

Verbena × blanchardii Moldenke

Verbena × clemensiorum Moldenke

Verbena × crookshanksii Moldenke

Verbena × deamii Moldenke

Verbena × engelmannii Moldenke

Verbena × goodmanii Moldenke

Verbena × illicita Moldenke

Verbena × moechina Moldenke

Verbena × perriana Moldenke

Verbena × rydbergii Moldenke

Verbena × stuprosa Moldenke

Biota

Eukaryota

Plantae

Viridiplantae

Embryophyta

Tracheophyta

Spermatophytina

Magnoliophyta

Magnoliopsida

Magnoliidae

Asteranae

Lamiales

Verbenaceae

Verbena

Verbena carolina (this page)

Verbena carolina var. polystachya

Verbena alata

Verbena allenii

Verbena andalgalensis

Verbena argentina

Verbena bangiana

Verbena barbata

Verbena berteroi

Verbena bingenensis

Verbena blanchardii

Verbena californica

Verbena calliantha

Verbena canescens

Verbena caniuensis

Verbena carnea

Verbena catamarcensis

Verbena clemensorum

Verbena cloverae

Verbena cochabambensis

Verbena concepcionis

Verbena crookshanksii

Verbena cumingii

Verbena cuneifolia

Verbena deamii

Verbena delicatula

Verbena dermeni

Verbena domingensis

Verbena ehrenbergiana

Verbena engelmannii

Verbena ephedroides

Verbena erinoides

Verbena ferreyrae

Verbena filicaulis

Verbena galapagosensis

Verbena gentryi

Verbena glabrata

Verbena goodmanii

Verbena goyazensis

Verbena gracilescens

Verbena gracilis

Verbena grisea

Verbena gynobasis

Verbena hayekii

Verbena hirta

Verbena hispida

Verbena illicita

Verbena inamoena

Verbena integrifolia

Verbena intercedens

Verbena intermedia

Verbena johnstonii

Verbena kuhlmannii

Verbena landbeckii

Verbena lindbergii

Verbena lindmanii

Verbena lobata

Verbena longifolia

Verbena malmii

Verbena minima

Verbena minutiflora

Verbena moechina

Verbena montevidensis

Verbena monticola

Verbena multiglandulosa

Verbena neomexicana

Verbena nivea

Verbena orcuttiana

Verbena ovata

Verbena perturbata

Verbena pinetorum

Verbena pinnatiloba

Verbena plicata

Verbena pogostoma

Verbena ramboi

Verbena recta

Verbena rectiloba

Verbena regnelliana

Verbena reitzii

Verbena ribifolia

Verbena riparia

Verbena rugosa

Verbena ser. Bracteatae

Verbena ser. Californicae

Verbena ser. Candelabrae

Verbena ser. Connaticarpae

Verbena ser. Haleae

Verbena ser. Plicatae

Verbena ser. Simplices

Verbena ser. Tricesimae

Verbena simplex

Verbena stewartii

Verbena storeoclada

Verbena stricta

Verbena strigosa

Verbena stuprosa

Verbena subpetiolata

Verbena subser. Pseudoracemosae

Verbena variabilis

Verbena villifolia

Verbena weberbaueri

Verbena xutha

236 additional siblings truncated for brevity.

See the resource file for a full list.

Biota

Eukaryota

Plantae

Viridiplantae

Embryophyta

Tracheophyta

Spermatophytina

Magnoliophyta

Magnoliopsida

Magnoliidae

Asteranae

Lamiales

Verbenaceae

Verbena

Verbena polystachya (this page)

Verbena alata

Verbena allenii

Verbena andalgalensis

Verbena argentina

Verbena bangiana

Verbena barbata

Verbena berteroi

Verbena bingenensis

Verbena blanchardii

Verbena californica

Verbena calliantha

Verbena canescens

Verbena caniuensis

Verbena carnea

Verbena carolina

Verbena catamarcensis

Verbena clemensorum

Verbena cloverae

Verbena cochabambensis

Verbena concepcionis

Verbena crookshanksii

Verbena cumingii

Verbena cuneifolia

Verbena deamii

Verbena delicatula

Verbena dermeni

Verbena domingensis

Verbena ehrenbergiana

Verbena engelmannii

Verbena ephedroides

Verbena erinoides

Verbena ferreyrae

Verbena filicaulis

Verbena galapagosensis

Verbena gentryi

Verbena glabrata

Verbena goodmanii

Verbena goyazensis

Verbena gracilescens

Verbena gracilis

Verbena grisea

Verbena gynobasis

Verbena hayekii

Verbena hirta

Verbena hispida

Verbena illicita

Verbena inamoena

Verbena integrifolia

Verbena intercedens

Verbena intermedia

Verbena johnstonii

Verbena kuhlmannii

Verbena landbeckii

Verbena lindbergii

Verbena lindmanii

Verbena lobata

Verbena longifolia

Verbena malmii

Verbena minima

Verbena minutiflora

Verbena moechina

Verbena montevidensis

Verbena monticola

Verbena multiglandulosa

Verbena neomexicana

Verbena nivea

Verbena orcuttiana

Verbena perturbata

Verbena pinetorum

Verbena pinnatiloba

Verbena plicata

Verbena pogostoma

Verbena ramboi

Verbena recta

Verbena rectiloba

Verbena regnelliana

Verbena reitzii

Verbena ribifolia

Verbena riparia

Verbena rugosa

Verbena ser. Bracteatae

Verbena ser. Californicae

Verbena ser. Candelabrae

Verbena ser. Connaticarpae

Verbena ser. Haleae

Verbena ser. Plicatae

Verbena ser. Simplices

Verbena ser. Tricesimae

Verbena simplex

Verbena stewartii

Verbena storeoclada

Verbena stricta

Verbena strigosa

Verbena stuprosa

Verbena subpetiolata

Verbena subser. Pseudoracemosae

Verbena variabilis

Verbena villifolia

Verbena weberbaueri

Verbena xutha

236 additional siblings truncated for brevity.

See the resource file for a full list.

Carolina Vervain

Verbena carolina L.

Scientific Names

Preferred Names

Alternative Names

Common Names

English

Curated hierarchies for Verbena carolina L.

EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022

Catalogue of Life 26 March 2024

Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.3

EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1

EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2.4

GBIF classification

GBIF classification

Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Hierarchy

wikidata_hierarchy tar gz

wikidata_hierarchy tar gz