Keuyeup nyaéta crustacea Decapoda ti infraordo Brachyura, nu dicirikeun ku ayana "buntut" anu pondok pisan (Basa Yunani: βραχύς / brachys = pondok,[2] οὐρά / οura = buntut[3]), atawa anu abdoménna nyumput handapeun toraks.[4]
Évolusi
Awak keuyeup biasana dibulen ku éksoskeleton anu kandel sarta boga 'pakarang' mangrupa sapasang cacapit. Keuyeup aya di sagara di sakuliah dunya jeung di darat, boh dina cai atawa di darat, utamana di wewengkon tropis. Gedéna rupa-rupa, ti Pinnotheres pisum anu awakna ukur sababaraha miliméter, nepi ka Macrocheira kaempferi (keuyeup lancah ti Jepang) anu deupa sukuna bisa nepi ka 4 m.[5]
Di darat (kaasup dina cai darat), aya kira 850 spésiés[6], sumebar di wewengkon tropis jeung semi-tropis. Mimitina mah disangka hiji grup monofilétik, tapi kiwari sacara umum ngabagi kana sahanteuna dua silsilah, hiji ti Dunya Kuna jeung hiji ti Dunya Anyar.[7]
Dimorfismeu séksual
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Bagian handap keuyeup
Pachygrapsus marmoratus jalu (luhur) jeung bikang (handap), nunjukkeun béda bentuk abdoménna.
Ilaharna, keuyeup jalu bisa dibédakeun ti nu bikang tina ukuran cacapitna,[8], utamana di genus Uca. Keuyeup jalu ti ieu genus boga cacapit anu gedé sabeulah nu dipaké pikeun komunikasi, utamana pikeun ngabandang bikang.[9] Béda nu lianna bisa kapanggih dina bentuk pléonna (abdomén); nu jalu biasana heureut jeung ngabentuk jurutilu, anapon nu bikang biasana leuwih lébar sarta buleud.[10] Ieu patali raket jeung kanyataan yén endog nu geus dibuahan digedékeun di jero pléopod bikangna.
Paripolah
Kaahéngan keuyeup katémbong tina leumpangna anu ka gigir[11], ku sabab sasandian sukuna leuwih ngagampangkeun leumpang ka gigir batan ka hareup.[12] Najan kitu, aya ogé anu leumpangna ka hareup atawa ka tukang, di antarana Raninidae,[13], keuyeup lancah Libinia emarginata[14] jeung Mictyris platycheles.[11]. Aya ogé keuyeup anu bisa ngojay, di antarana Portunidae jeung Matutidae.[15]
Ieu sato kaasup omnivora, kahakananana ganggang[16] moluska, cacing, crustacea lianna, fungi, baktéri, jeung détritus, gumantung aya/henteuna di lingkungan hirupna sarta spésiésna.
Kadaharan manusa
Keuyeup bisa ngahontal 20% crustacéa hasil laut, nu jumlahna bisa nepi ka 1½ juya ton sataunna, utamana Portunus trituberculatus. Keuyeup dahareun lianna nyaéta Portunus pelagicus, sababaraha spésiés genus Chionoecetes, Callinectes sapidus, Charybdis spp., Cancer pagurus, Metacarcinus magister, jeung Scylla serrata, nu masing-masing bisa ngahontal leuwih ti 20.000 ton sataunna.[17]
Masak keuyeup sok tara dipaéhan heula. Taun 2005, élmuwan Norwégia boga kacindekan yén lobster teu boga kanyeri.[18], tapi panalungtikan leuwih ahir nyindekkeun yén crustacéa bisa ngarasa jeung nginget kanyeri.[19]
Rujukan
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Crab. Wikipédia basa Inggris (disalin 14 Juli 2010)
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↑ Sammy De Grave et al. (2009). "A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Suppl. 21: 1–109. http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdf.
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↑ Henry George Liddel & Robert Scott. "βραχύς". A Greek–English Lexicon. Perseus Digital Library. Diakses tanggal 24 Méi 2010.
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↑ Henry George Liddel & Robert Scott. "οὐρά". A Greek–English Lexicon. Perseus Digital Library. Diakses tanggal 24 Méi 2010.
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↑ Jonathan, Rigg (1862). A Dictionary of the Sunda Language of Java. Universitas Harvard: Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen.
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↑ "Japanese spider crab Macrocheira kaempferi". Oceana North America. Diakses tanggal January 2, 2009.
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↑ R. von Sternberg & N. Cumberlidge (2001). "On the heterotreme-thoracotreme distinction in the Eubrachyura De Saint Laurent, 1980 (Decapoda: Brachyura)". Crustaceana 74: 321–338. doi:10.1163/156854001300104417.
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↑ R. von Sternberg, N. Cumberlidge & G. Rodriguez (1999). "On the marine sister groups of the freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura)". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 37: 19–38. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0469.1999.95092.x.
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↑ L. H. Sweat (21 Agustus 2009). "Pachygrapsus transversus". Smithsonian Institution. Diakses tanggal 20 Januari 2010.
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↑ M. J. How, J. M. Hemmi, J. Zeil & R. Peters (2008). "Claw waving display changes with receiver distance in fiddler crabs, Uca perplexa". Animal Behaviour 75 (3): 1015–1022. http://richard.eriophora.com.au/pubs/pdf/HowHemmiZeilPeters-07.pdf.
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↑ Guillermo Guerao & Guiomar Rotllant (2009). "Post-larval development and sexual dimorphism of the spider crab Maja brachydactyla (Brachyura: Majidae)". Scientia Marina 73 (4): 797–808. doi:10.3989/scimar.2009.73n4797. http://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/19120/3/1148.pdf.
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↑ a b Sally Sleinis & Gerald E. Silvey (1980). "Locomotion in a forward walking crab". Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology 136 (4): 301–312. doi:10.1007/BF00657350.
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↑ Andy Horton & Jane Lilley. "Why do crabs walk sideways?". British Marine Life Study Society. Diakses tanggal 5 Januari 2009.
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↑ "Spanner crab Ranina ranina". Fishing and Aquaculture. New South Wales Department of Primary Industries. 2005. Diakses tanggal 4 Januari 2009.
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↑ A. G. Vidal-Gadea & J. H. Belanger (2009). "Muscular anatomy of the legs of the forward walking crab, Libinia emarginata (Decapoda, Brachyura, Majoidea)". Arthropod Structure & Development 38 (3): 179–194. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2008.12.002.
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↑
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↑ C. M. C. Woods (1993). "Natural diet of the crab Notomithrax ursus (Brachyura, Majidae) at Oaro, South Island, New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 27: 309–315. http://www.rsnz.org/publish/nzjmfr/1993/29.php.
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↑ "Global Capture Production 1950-2004". FAO. Diakses tanggal 26 Agustus 2006.
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↑ David Adam (Citakan:ISO date/fr1). "Scientists say lobsters feel no pain". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/feb/08/research.highereducation
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↑ "Crabs 'feel and remember pain' suggests new study". CNN. Citakan:ISO date/fr2. http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/03/27/crabs.memorypain/
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