Los trilobozoaris (Trilobozoa), es a dire los « animals de tres lòbes », fòrman un Modèl:B embrancament d'animals arcaïcs, apareguts dins lo biotòp d'Ediacara. Se caracterizan per una simetria ciclica d'òrdre 3.
Los pus ancians d'entre eles, los Albumaresidae e los Tribrachididae, avián l'aparéncia de coissins circulars.
Trilobozoa es un phylo de Eumetazoa, animal.
Trilobozoa (meaning "three-lobed animals") is a phylum of extinct, sessile animals that were originally classified into the Cnidaria. The basic body plan of trilobozoans is often a tri-radial or radial sphere-shaped form with lobes radiating from its centre. [1] Fossils of trilobozoans are restricted to marine strata of the Late Ediacaran period.
Originally, both M.A. Fedonkin and B.N. Runnegar presumed that there were 2–3 families within the Trilobozoa, those families being Albumaresidae (Fedonkin, 1985) and Tribrachididae (Runnegar, 1992).[2] Although, affinities with the Conulariida were made because the conulariids possess similar three-fold symmetry.[3] Fedonkin later classified the Trilobozoa as a class of the phylum Coelenterata.
Most of the members of what is now the modern day classification for Trilobozoa were thought to have originally been free swimming Jellyfish.[4] Tribrachidium was once interpreted as a Edrioasteroid Echinoderm, although with the discovery of the related Albumares and Anfesta (along with better-preserved White Sea specimens) it became apparent to M. Fedonkin that all of the organisms formed one phylum (originally class) of tri-radially symmetrical enigmatic organisms from the Ediacaran.[1] The eventual split of Coelenterata into the phyla Cnidaria and Ctenophora led the Trilobozoa to obtain a phylum level of affinities.[5]
The members of the Trilobozoa are now thought to be sessile, benthic organisms of unknown affinities, and are a subject open for interpretations and debate.
Trilobozoans had a tri-radial shield-like body that had three antimeres which consisted of a cluster of grooves on their outer surface and within their inner cavity.[1] Most of the members of the Trilobozoa possessed bifurcating concave areas internally that were all separated by sharp ridges.[6] These structures were more likely stiff and culticular rather than elastic internal bodies or membranes[6] even though those structures may have been resistant, they also could've corresponded to collapsed chambers that can be observed within the related genera Albumares and Anfesta. In Tribrachidium, the sediment preserving the animal penetrated from above only within areas between those organs. The spiral-like orientation of the internal bodies of trilobozoans suggests that they were modified from an originally longitudinal to the axis which resulted in the deposition of the organs.[6]
Albumares brunsae represents a form first described from the White Sea of Russia by Mikhail A. Fedonkin in 1976.[2] In life, Albumares most likely had an umbrella-like shape with tri-radial symmetry along with three ridges radiating from its centre. Fossils of Albumares are known from Russia and South Australia and preserve 100 small (0.15 millimeters (0.0059 in) each) marginal tentacles. From the centre of the lobes arise three canals that split at least 4 times across the body.[2] The then split canals then split until they reach the outer margin of the body. The diameter of the body is 13 millimeters (0.51 in), the length of the lobes are 5 millimeters (0.20 in) maximum.[2] Albumares is similar and may be a close relative of the Anfesta
Anfesta stankovskii represents a small (18 millimeters (0.71 in) hemispherical-shaped form with flattened, three-fold symmetry.[2] Similarly to Albumares, three long sausage-shaped lobes radiate from its centre that are all separated by an angle of 120 degrees. The lobes taper at both their proximal and distal ends, which divide the organism into a number of narrow bodies that are divisible by three. Some specimens from both Australia and Russia preserve tentacles (canals) similar to that of Albumares.[2] Unlike Albumares and Skinnera, Anfesta is more oval-shaped and discoidal rather than being dominantly tri-lobate. The length of the lobes is 5 millimeters (0.20 in) with the width being up to 1.3 millimeters (0.051 in).[2]
Hallidaya brueri constitutes as a discoidal form that is restricted to Mount Skinner of the Northern Territory of Australia.[7] The fossils were preserved as disc-shaped moulds on the sandstone. The fossils typically range up to 4–32 mm (0.16–1.26 in) in diameter with a height of 2 mm (0.079 in). Specimens commonly show three central depressions connected by a much smaller, pouch-shaped one around the perimeter of the disk by multiple canals radiating from its centre.[7] Hallidaya and Skinnera share common morphological characteristics with each other and are most likely close relatives.[7]
Rugoconites is a genus of oval- circular-shaped preserved in high relief about six or more centimetres in diameter. The shape of Rugoconites is different in both of its species; R. enigmaticus Glaessner & Wade 1966 is more dome shaped and R. tenuirugosus Wade 1972 is flatter although bigger.[8] Wade (1972) interpreted the multiple lobes of Rugoconites as being tentacles. The multiple bifurcating lobes radiating from a centre served to distinguish Rugoconites from the sponge Palaeophragmodictya the lobes were then re-interpreted as being traces of a Gastrovascular system.[9] However this idea was countered by Sepkoski (2002) who went on to actually classify the genus into the Cnidaria instead of the Porifera.[10] Ivantstov & Fedonkin (2002) went on to classify Rugoconites into the Trilobozoa by suggesting it had tri-radial symmetry.[3]
Skinnera brooksi defines small discoidal fossils preserved as composite moulds on sandstone.[7] Fossils are characterized by three radially arranged pouch-shaped depressions that are interpreted as a stomach similar to that seen in Hallidaya. These depressions are then connected to an outer rim by approximately 15 smaller pouches along the disk by canals.[7] S. brooksi fossils range from 3.9 millimeters (0.15 in) to 32 millimeters (1.3 in) and are slightly domed by being 2 millimeters (0.079 in) tall. Skinnera and Hallidaya are considered to be close relatives.[7]
Tribrachidium heraldicum is a small (3 to 40 millimetres)[11] tri-radially symmetrical form often preserved on the base of sandstones and often show a three-lobed, circular animal preserved in it.[12] The central part of T. heraldicum has three hooked ridges (or arms) that make up the lobes; the arms are covered by numerous branched furrows that were interpreted as tentacles.[12][13]
Trilobozoa (meaning "three-lobed animals") is a phylum of extinct, sessile animals that were originally classified into the Cnidaria. The basic body plan of trilobozoans is often a tri-radial or radial sphere-shaped form with lobes radiating from its centre. Fossils of trilobozoans are restricted to marine strata of the Late Ediacaran period.
Los trilobozoos (Trilobozoa, gr. "animales trilobulados", o Triradialomorpha) son un filo extinto de animales caracterizado por presentar simetría trirradial. Predominaron durante el Ediacárico, antes de la explosión cámbrica en que aparecieron las modernas formas de vida animal.
Los trilobozoos más primitivos tenían el cuerpo en forma de disco, como es el caso de Tribrachidium. Por comparación con otros trilobozoos discoidales parece que los diferentes modelos de "brazos" de cada especie se deben en realidad a diferentes estadios de desarrollo.
Los trilobozoos más derivados (y mucho más duraderos) tenían forma de cono, como el género Conularia, y poseían estructuras similares a una concha cónica con tendencia a presentar cuatro esquinas. No obstante, la ausencia de septos y otras características obligan a descartar la idea de que los trilobozoos eran antozoos, como se pensó al principio.[2]
La afinidades de este grupo son motivo de debate. Ivantsov & Fedonkin (2002)[2] los consideran miembros del filo Cnidaria y los conuláridos serían el grupo hermano de los actuales escifozoos. Sin embargo, son solo superficialmente similares a los cnidarios,[3] y su forma simple y primitiva cercana a un disco recuerda a los vendobiontes.
Los trilobozoos (Trilobozoa, gr. "animales trilobulados", o Triradialomorpha) son un filo extinto de animales caracterizado por presentar simetría trirradial. Predominaron durante el Ediacárico, antes de la explosión cámbrica en que aparecieron las modernas formas de vida animal.
